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# $Id: w11a_os_guide.txt 779 2016-06-26 15:37:16Z mueller $
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Guide to run operating system images on w11a systems
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Table of content:
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1. I/O emulation setup
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2. FPGA Board setup
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3. Rlink and Backend Server setup
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4. simh simulator setup
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5. oskits
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a. Unix systems
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b. DEC operating systems
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1. I/O emulation setup ----------------------------------------------------
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All UNIBUS peripherals which exchange data (currently DL11, LP11, PC11, RK11,
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and RL11) are currently emulated via a backend process. The communication
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between FPGA board and backend server can be via
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- Serial port
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- via an integrated USB-UART bridge
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- on arty, basys3, and nexys4 with a FT2232HQ, allows up to 12M Baud
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- on nexys3 with a FT232R, allows up to 2M Baud
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- via RS232 port, as on s3board and nexys2
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- using a serial port (/dev/ttySx) is limited to 115 kBaud on most PCs.
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- using a USB-RS232 adapter was tested up to 460k Baud.
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- Direct USB connection using a Cypress FX2 USB controller
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- is supported on the nexys2 and nexys3 FPGA boards
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- much faster than serial port connections (see below)
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- also allows to configure the FPGA over the same USB connection
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Notes:
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- A 10M Baud connection, like on a nexys4, gives disk access rates and
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throughputs much better than the real hardware of the 70's and is well
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suitable for practical usage.
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- In an OS with good disk caching like 2.11BSD the impact of disk speed
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is actually smaller than the bare numbers suggest.
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- A 460k Baud connection gives in practice a disk throughput of ~20 kB/s.
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This allows to test the system but is a bit slow for real usage.
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- USB-RS232 cables with a FTDI FT232R chip work fine, tests with Prolific
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Technology PL2303 based cable never gave reliable connections for higher
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Baud rates.
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Recommended setup for best performance (boards ordered by vintage):
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Board Channel/Interface nom. speed peak transfer rate
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arty USB-UART bridge 10M Baud 910 kB/sec
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basys3 USB-UART bridge 10M Baud 910 kB/sec
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nexys4 USB-UART bridge 10M Baud 910 kb/sec
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nexys3 Cypress FX2 USB USB2.0 speed 30000 kB/sec
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nexys2 Cypress FX2 USB USB2.0 speed 30000 kB/sec
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s3board RS232+USB-RS232 cable 460k Baud 41 kB/sec
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2. FPGA Board setup -------------------------------------------------------
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Recommended setups
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- Arty
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- connect USB cable to micro-USB connector labeled 'J10'
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- to configure via vivado hardware server
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make .vconfig
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- Basys3
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- connect USB cable to micro-USB connector labeled 'PROG'
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- to configure via vivado hardware server
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make .vconfig
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- Nexys4
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- connect USB cable to micro-USB connector labeled 'PROG'
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- to configure via vivado hardware server
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make .vconfig
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- Nexys3
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- use Cypress FX for configure and and rlink communication
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- connect USB cable to micro-USB connector labeled 'USB PROG'
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- to configure via FX2 and jtag tool
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make .jconfig
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- Nexys2
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- connect USB cable to mini-USB connector (between RS232 and PS/2 port)
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- to configure via FX2 and jtag tool
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make .jconfig
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- S3board
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- connect the USB-RS232 cable to the RS232 port
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- connect a JTAG programmer (e.g. Xilinx USB Cable II) to JTAG pins
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- to configure via ISE Impact
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make .iconfig
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3. Rlink and Backend Server setup -----------------------------------------
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All examples below use the same basic setup
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- setup vt100 emulator windows
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cd $RETROBASE/tools/oskit/
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console_starter -d DL0 &
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console_starter -d DL1 &
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- setup rlink connection using ti_rri backend server via the ti_w11
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quick start wrapper script. Ensure that all 8 switches on the board
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are in the indicated positions (SWI=...). The concrete boot script
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name is given in the following sections
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- for arty over serial
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SWI = 0110 (gives console light emulation...)
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ti_w11 -tu,12M,break,xon @_boot.tcl
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NOTE: the arty w11a has currently only 176 kB memory (all from BRAMS!)
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unix-v5 works fine. XXDP, RT11 and RSX-11M should work.
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211bsd will not boot, either most RSX-11M+ systems.
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- for b3 over serial
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SWI = 00000000 00101000 (gives console light display on LEDS)
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ti_w11 -tu,12M,break,xon @_boot.tcl
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NOTE: the basys3 w11a has only 176 kB memory (all from BRAMS!)
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unix-v5 works fine. XXDP, RT11 and RSX-11M should work.
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211bsd will not boot, either most RSX-11M+ systems.
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- for n4 over serial
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SWI = 00000000 00101000 (gives console light display on LEDS)
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ti_w11 -tu,12M,break,cts @_boot.tcl
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- for n2,n3 over fx2
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SWI = 00101100
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ti_w11 -u @_boot.tcl
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- for s3 serial
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SWI = 00101010
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ti_w11 -tu,460k,break,xon @_boot.tcl
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Notes:
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- on , the serial device number
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- check with 'ls /dev/ttyUSB*' to see what is available
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- is typically '1' if a single FT2232HQ based boardis connected,
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like a arty, basys3, or nexys4. Initially two ttyUSB devices show up,
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the lower is for FPGA config and will disappear when Vivado hardware
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server is used once. The upper provides the data connection.
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- is typically '0' if only a single USB-RS232 cable is connected
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- on LED display
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- is controlled by SWI(3)
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1 -> DR emulation --> OS specific light patterns
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- on Hex display
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- is controlled by SWI(5:4)
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- boards with a 4 digit display
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00 -> serial link rate divider
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01 -> PC
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10 -> DISPREG
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11 -> DR emulation
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- boards with 8 digit display
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- SWI(5) select for DSP(7:4) display
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1 -> PC
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- SWI(4) select for DSP(3:0) display
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1 -> DR emulation
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4. simh simulator setup ---------------------------------------------------
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Sometimes it is good to compare the w11a behavior with the PDP-11 software
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emulator from the simh project (see http://simh.trailing-edge.com/).
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Under $RETROBASE/tools/simh two setup files are provided with configure
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simh to reflect the w11a setup as close as possible:
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- setup_w11a_min.scmd
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Very close the current w11a state when it runs on an s3board
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- processor: 11/70, no FPP, 1 Mbyte
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- periphery: 2 DL11, LP11, RK11, PC11
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- setup_w11a_max.scmd
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Planned configuration for the w11a, in addition
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- processor: 4 Mbyte memory (as on Nexys2, Nexys3,...)
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- periphery: DZ11, RL11/RL02, RK70/RP06, TM11/TU10
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Startup scripts are provided with each oskit. They call the w11a_max
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configuration, so will show in the emulator what w11a can do when
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finished.
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All examples below use the same basic setup
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- setup vt100 emulator window for 2nd DL11
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cd $RETROBASE/tools/oskit/
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console_starter -s -d DL1 &
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{Note: the -s ensures that the port numbers used by simh are taken!}
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- start the simulator
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pdp11 _boot.scmd
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5. oskits -----------------------------------------------------------------
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Ready to be used 'oskits' are provided under
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$RETROBASE/tools/oskit/
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The tarballs with the disk images are provided from a web server
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and have to be installed separately.
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5a. Unix systems -----------------------------------------------------
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Legal and license issues:
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Ancient UNIX systems for the PDP-11 can now be freely used under the
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'Caldera license'. 2.11BSD was released 1992 under the 4 clause BSD
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license. Taken together
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- Unix V1 to V7
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- all BSD Unix versions for PDP-11
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can be freely distributed and used for non-commercial purposes.
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Several oskits are provided:
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- unix-v5_rk: Unix V5 System on RK05
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- 211bsd_rk: 2.11BSD system on RK05 (very elementary subset)
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- 211bsd_rl: 2.11BSD system on RL02 (small subset)
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- 211bsd_rp: 2.11BSD system on RP06 (full system)
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For further details consult the README_set.txt file in the
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oskit directory.
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5b. DEC operating systems --------------------------------------------
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Legal and license issues:
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Unfortunately there is no general hobbyist license for DEC operating
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systems for PDP-11 computers. The 'Mentec license' is commonly understood
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to cover the some older versions of DEC operating systems, for example
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- RT-11 V5.3 or prior
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- RSX-11M V4.3 or prior
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- RSX-11M PLUS V3.0 or prior
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on a simulator. It is commonly assumed that the license terms cover the
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usage of the PDP11 simulator from the 'simh' suite. Usage of the e11
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simulator is not covered according to the author of e11.
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HOWEVER: THIS LICENSE DOES NOT COVER THE USAGE OF THESE HISTORIC DEC
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OPERATING SYSTEMS ON ANY 'REAL HARDWARE' IMPLEMENTATION OF A
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PDP-11. SO USAGE ON THE W11 IS *NOT* COVERED BY THE
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'Mentec-license'.
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Some oskits are provided with systems sysgen'ed to run on a configuration
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like the w11a.
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- Feel free to explore them with the simh simulator.
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The boot scripts for simh are included ( .simh )
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- In case you happen to have a valid license feel free to try them
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out the W11A and let the author know whether is works as it should.
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For convenience the boot scripts are also included ( .tcl ).
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Several oskits are provided:
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- rsx11m-31_rk: RSX-11M V3.1 on RK05
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- rsx11m-40_rk: RSX-11M V4.0 on RK05
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- rsx11mp-30_rp: RSX-11M+ V3.0 on RP06
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- rt11-40_rk: RT-11 V4.0 on RK05
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- rt11-53_rl: RT-11 V5.3 on RL02
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- xxdp_rl: XXDP 22 and 25 on RL02
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For further details consult the README_set.txt file in the
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oskit directory.
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