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-- ---------------------------------------------------

-- Video Display terminal

-- ---------------------------------------------------

-- John Kent

-- 3th September 2004

-- Assumes a pixel clock input of 25 MHz

--

-- Display Format is:

-- 80 characters across by 25 characters down.

-- 8 horizontal pixels / character

-- 16 vertical scan lines / character (2 scan lines/row)

--

-- Modified by Bert Cuzeau for compliance and code cleanliness

-- The effort is not over.

-- There are still signal initialized, which is BAD.\

--

-- 7th Februaury 2007 - John Kent

-- Added generics for VGA Timing

--

Library IEEE;

   use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

   use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;

   use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

   use ieee.numeric_std.all;

library unisim;

   use unisim.vcomponents.all;

Entity vdu8 is

  generic(

        VDU_CLOCK_FREQUENCY    : integer := 25000000; -- HZ

        VGA_CLOCK_FREQUENCY    : integer := 25000000; -- HZ

             VGA_HOR_CHARS          : integer := 80; -- CHARACTERS

             VGA_VER_CHARS          : integer := 25; -- CHARACTERS

             VGA_PIXELS_PER_CHAR    : integer := 8;  -- PIXELS

             VGA_LINES_PER_CHAR     : integer := 16; -- LINES

             VGA_HOR_BACK_PORCH     : integer := 40; -- PIXELS

             VGA_HOR_SYNC           : integer := 96; -- PIXELS

             VGA_HOR_FRONT_PORCH    : integer := 24; -- PIXELS

             VGA_VER_BACK_PORCH     : integer := 13; -- LINES

             VGA_VER_SYNC           : integer := 2;  -- LINES

             VGA_VER_FRONT_PORCH    : integer := 36  -- LINES

  );

  port(

    -- control register interface

    vdu_clk      : in  std_logic;       -- 12.5/25 MHz CPU Clock

    vdu_rst      : in  std_logic;

    vdu_cs       : in  std_logic;

    vdu_rw       : in  std_logic;

    vdu_addr     : in  std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

    vdu_data_in  : in  std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

    vdu_data_out : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

    -- vga port connections

    vga_clk      : in  std_logic;       -- 25MHz clock

    vga_red_o    : out std_logic;

    vga_green_o  : out std_logic;

    vga_blue_o   : out std_logic;

    vga_hsync_o  : out std_logic;

    vga_vsync_o  : out std_logic

    );

end vdu8;

Architecture RTL of vdu8 is

  --

  -- Synchronisation constants

  --

  -- Displayed Characters per row

  constant HOR_DISP_CHR : integer := VGA_HOR_CHARS;

  -- Last horizontal pixel displayed

  constant HOR_DISP_END : integer := HOR_DISP_CHR * VGA_PIXELS_PER_CHAR;

  -- Start of horizontal synch pulse

  constant HOR_SYNC_BEG : integer := HOR_DISP_END + VGA_HOR_BACK_PORCH;

  -- End of Horizontal Synch pulse

  constant HOR_SYNC_END : integer := HOR_SYNC_BEG + VGA_HOR_SYNC;

  -- Last pixel in scan line

  constant HOR_SCAN_END : integer := HOR_SYNC_END + VGA_HOR_FRONT_PORCH;

  -- Total Characters across the screen

  constant HOR_TOTAL_CHAR : integer := HOR_SCAN_END/VGA_PIXELS_PER_CHAR;

  -- Displayed Characters per Column

  constant VER_DISP_CHR   : integer := VGA_VER_CHARS;

  -- last row displayed

  constant VER_DISP_END   : integer := VER_DISP_CHR * VGA_LINES_PER_CHAR;

  -- start of vertical synch pulse

  constant VER_SYNC_BEG   : integer := VER_DISP_END + VGA_VER_BACK_PORCH;

  -- end of vertical synch pulse

  constant VER_SYNC_END   : integer := VER_SYNC_BEG + VGA_VER_SYNC;

  -- Last scan row in the frame

  constant VER_SCAN_END   : integer := VER_SYNC_END + VGA_VER_FRONT_PORCH;

  -- Total Characters down the screen

  constant VER_TOTAL_CHAR : integer := VER_SCAN_END/VGA_LINES_PER_CHAR;

  constant BLINK_PERIOD   : integer := 500; -- Blink Rate in msec

  constant BLINK_RATE     : integer := BLINK_PERIOD * (VGA_CLOCK_FREQUENCY/1000);

  signal vga_rst       : std_logic;

  signal horiz_sync    : std_logic := '0';

  signal vert_sync     : std_logic := '0';

  signal cursor_on_v   : std_logic := '0';

  signal cursor_on_h   : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on_v    : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on_h    : std_logic := '0';

  signal h_count       : natural range 0 to HOR_SCAN_END := 0;

  signal v_count       : natural range 0 to VER_SCAN_END := 0;

  signal p_count       : natural range 0 to VGA_PIXELS_PER_CHAR-1 := 0;

  signal l_count       : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0000";

  signal c_count       : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := "0000000";

  signal r_count       : std_logic_vector(5 downto 0) := "000000";

  signal blink_count   : natural range 0 to BLINK_RATE := 0;

  --

  -- Character generator ROM

  --

  signal char_addr     : std_logic_vector(10 downto 0);

  signal char_data_out : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  --

  -- Control Registers

  --

  signal reg_character : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  signal reg_colour    : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  signal reg_hcursor   : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);   -- 80 columns

  signal reg_vcursor   : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);   -- 25 rows

  signal reg_voffset   : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);   -- 25 rows

  --

  -- Video Shift register

  --

  signal vga_shift     : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  signal vga_fg_colour : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

  signal vga_bg_colour : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

  signal cursor_on     : std_logic := '0';

  signal cursor_on1    : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on      : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on1     : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on2     : std_logic := '0';

  --

  -- vga character ram access bus

  --

  signal col_addr      : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 79

  signal row_addr      : std_logic_vector(5 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 49 (25 * 2 -1)

  signal col1_addr     : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 79

  signal row1_addr     : std_logic_vector(5 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 49 (25 * 2 - 1)

  signal hor_addr      : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 79

  signal ver_addr      : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 124

  signal vga0_cs       : std_logic;

  signal vga0_rw       : std_logic;

  signal vga1_cs       : std_logic;

  signal vga1_rw       : std_logic;

  signal vga2_cs       : std_logic;

  signal vga2_rw       : std_logic;

  signal vga_cs        : std_logic;

  signal vga_rw        : std_logic;

  signal vga_addr      : std_logic_vector(10 downto 0) := (others=>'0');  -- 2K byte character buffer

  signal vga_data_out  : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  signal attr_data_out : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  --

  -- Character write handshake signals

  --

  signal req_write     : std_logic;     -- request character write

  signal ack_write     : std_logic;

  --

  -- Block Ram Character gen

  --

  component char_rom

    port (

      clk   : in  std_logic;

      rst   : in  std_logic;

      cs    : in  std_logic;

      rw    : in  std_logic;

      addr  : in  std_logic_vector (10 downto 0);

      wdata : in std_logic_vector (7 downto 0);

      rdata : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0)

      );

  end component;

  component ram_2k

    port (

      clk   : in  std_logic;

      rst   : in  std_logic;

      cs    : in  std_logic;

      rw    : in  std_logic;

      addr  : in  std_logic_vector (10 downto 0);

      wdata : in  std_logic_vector (7 downto 0);

      rdata : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0)

      );

  end component;

begin

--

-- instantiate Character generator ROM

--

vdu_char_rom : char_rom port map(

    clk   => vga_clk,

         rst   => vga_rst,

         cs    => '1',

         rw    => '1',

    addr  => char_addr,

    wdata => "00000000",

    rdata => char_data_out

    );

--

-- Character buffer RAM

--

char_buff_ram : ram_2k port map(

    clk   => vga_clk,

    rst   => vga_rst,

    cs    => vga_cs,

    rw    => vga_rw,

    addr  => vga_addr,

    wdata => reg_character,

    rdata => vga_data_out

    );

--

-- Attribute buffer RAM

--

  attr_buff_ram : ram_2k port map(

    clk   => vga_clk,

    rst   => vga_rst,

    cs    => vga_cs,

    rw    => vga_rw,

    addr  => vga_addr,

    wdata => reg_colour,

    rdata => attr_data_out

    );

--

-- CPU Write interface

--

  vga_cpu_write : process(vdu_clk, vdu_rst)

  begin

    if vdu_rst = '1' then

      reg_character <= "00000000";

      reg_colour    <= "00000111";

      reg_hcursor   <= "0000000";

      reg_vcursor   <= "00000";

      reg_voffset   <= "00000";

      req_write     <= '0';

    elsif falling_edge(vdu_clk) then

      if (vdu_cs = '1') and (vdu_rw = '0') then

        case vdu_addr is

          when "000" =>

            reg_character <= vdu_data_in;

            req_write     <= '1';

          when "001" =>

            reg_colour    <= vdu_data_in;

          when "010" =>

            reg_hcursor   <= vdu_data_in(6 downto 0);

          when "011" =>

            reg_vcursor   <= vdu_data_in(4 downto 0);

          when others =>

            reg_voffset   <= vdu_data_in(4 downto 0);

        end case;

      else

        if (req_write = '1') and (ack_write = '1') then

          req_write <= '0';

        else

          req_write <= req_write;

        end if;

      end if;

    end if;

  end process;

  --

  -- CPU Read interface

  --

  vga_cpu_read : process(vdu_addr, vdu_cs,

                         reg_character, reg_colour,

                         reg_hcursor, reg_vcursor, reg_voffset)

  begin

    case vdu_addr is

      when "000" =>

        vdu_data_out <= reg_character;

      when "001" =>

        vdu_data_out <= reg_colour;

      when "010" =>

        vdu_data_out <= "0" & reg_hcursor;

      when "011" =>

        vdu_data_out <= "000" & reg_vcursor;

      when others =>

        vdu_data_out <= "000" & reg_voffset;

    end case;

  end process;

  --

  -- Video memory access

  --

  vga_addr_proc : process(vga_clk, vga_rst)

  begin

    if vga_rst = '1' then

      vga0_cs   <= '0';

      vga0_rw   <= '1';

      row_addr  <= "000000";

      col_addr  <= "0000000";

      --

      vga1_cs   <= '0';

      vga1_rw   <= '1';

      row1_addr <= "000000";

      col1_addr <= "0000000";

      --

      vga2_cs   <= '0';

      vga2_rw   <= '1';

      ver_addr  <= "0000000";

      hor_addr  <= "0000000";

      --

      vga_cs    <= '0';

      vga_rw    <= '1';

      vga_addr  <= "00000000000";

    elsif falling_edge(vga_clk) then

      --

      -- on h_count = 0 initiate character write.

      -- all other cycles are reads.

      --

      case p_count is

        when 0 =>                   -- pipeline character write

          vga0_cs  <= req_write;

          vga0_rw  <= '0';

          col_addr <= reg_hcursor(6 downto 0);

          row_addr <= ("0" & reg_vcursor(4 downto 0)) + ("0" & reg_voffset(4 downto 0));

        when others =>                  -- other 7 cycles free

          vga0_cs  <= '1';

          vga0_rw  <= '1';

          col_addr <= c_count;

          row_addr <= r_count + ("0" & reg_voffset(4 downto 0));

      end case;

      --

      -- on vga_clk + 1 round off row address

      --

      vga1_cs <= vga0_cs;

      vga1_rw <= vga0_rw;

      if row_addr < VER_DISP_CHR then

        row1_addr <= row_addr;

      else

        row1_addr <= row_addr - VER_DISP_CHR;

      end if;

      col1_addr <= col_addr;

      --

      -- on vga_clk + 2 calculate vertical address

      --

      vga2_cs   <= vga1_cs;

      vga2_rw   <= vga1_rw;

      ver_addr  <= ("00" & row1_addr(4 downto 0)) + (row1_addr(4 downto 0) & "00");

      hor_addr  <= col1_addr;

      --

      -- on vga_clk + 3 calculate memory address

      --

      vga_cs    <= vga2_cs;

      vga_rw    <= vga2_rw;

      vga_addr  <= ("0000" & hor_addr) + (ver_addr & "0000");

    end if;

  end process;

--

-- Video shift register

--

  vga_shift_proc : process( vga_clk, vga_rst)

  begin

    if vga_rst = '1' then

      ack_write     <= '0';

      video_on2     <= '0';

      video_on      <= '0';

      cursor_on     <= '0';

      vga_bg_colour <= "000";

      vga_fg_colour <= "111";

      vga_shift     <= "00000000";

      vga_red_o     <= '0';

      vga_green_o   <= '0';

      vga_blue_o    <= '0';

      -- Put all video signals through DFFs to elminate any delays that cause a blurry image

    elsif falling_edge(vga_clk) then

           --

      -- p_count = 0 load pixel shift register

                --

      if p_count = 0 then

        if (req_write = '1') and (ack_write = '0') then

          ack_write <= '1';

        elsif (req_write = '0') and (ack_write = '1') then

          ack_write <= '0';

        else

          ack_write <= ack_write;

        end if;

                  --

                  -- Pipeline video enable

                  --

        video_on2     <= video_on1;

        video_on      <= video_on2;

                  --

                  -- Blink Cursor

                  --

                  if blink_count > (BLINK_RATE/2) then

           cursor_on  <= cursor_on1 or attr_data_out(3);

        else

                     cursor_on  <= '0';

        end if;

                  --

                  -- Set forground and background colours

                  --

        vga_fg_colour <= attr_data_out(2 downto 0);

        vga_bg_colour <= attr_data_out(6 downto 4);

                  --

                  -- Attribute bit 7

                  --   0 => text

                  --   1 => chunky graphics

                  --

        if attr_data_out(7) = '0' then

          vga_shift <= char_data_out;

        else

          case l_count(3 downto 2) is

            when "00" =>

              vga_shift(7 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(0) & vga_data_out(0) & vga_data_out(0) & vga_data_out(0);

              vga_shift(3 downto 0) <= vga_data_out(1) & vga_data_out(1) & vga_data_out(1) & vga_data_out(1);

            when "01" =>

              vga_shift(7 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(2) & vga_data_out(2) & vga_data_out(2) & vga_data_out(2);

              vga_shift(3 downto 0) <= vga_data_out(3) & vga_data_out(3) & vga_data_out(3) & vga_data_out(3);

            when "10" =>

              vga_shift(7 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(4) & vga_data_out(4) & vga_data_out(4) & vga_data_out(4);

              vga_shift(3 downto 0) <= vga_data_out(5) & vga_data_out(5) & vga_data_out(5) & vga_data_out(5);

            when others =>

              vga_shift(7 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(6) & vga_data_out(6) & vga_data_out(6) & vga_data_out(6);

              vga_shift(3 downto 0) <= vga_data_out(7) & vga_data_out(7) & vga_data_out(7) & vga_data_out(7);

          end case;

        end if;

      else

                  --

                  -- p_count /= 0 shift out pixel shift register

                  --

        vga_shift <= vga_shift(6 downto 0) & '0';

      end if;

      --

      -- Colour mask is

      --  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0

      --  X BG BB BR  X FG FB FR

      --

      if vga_shift(7) = (not cursor_on) then

        vga_red_o   <= video_on and vga_fg_colour(0);

        vga_green_o <= video_on and vga_fg_colour(1);

        vga_blue_o  <= video_on and vga_fg_colour(2);

      else

        vga_red_o   <= video_on and vga_bg_colour(0);

        vga_green_o <= video_on and vga_bg_colour(1);

        vga_blue_o  <= video_on and vga_bg_colour(2);

      end if;

    end if;

  end process;

--

-- Sync generator & timing process

-- Generate Horizontal and Vertical Timing Signals for Video Signal

--

  vga_sync : process(vga_clk, vga_rst)

  begin

    if vga_rst = '1' then

        h_count     <= 0;

                  c_count     <= "0000000";

                  p_count     <= 0;

        v_count     <= 0;

                  l_count     <= "0000";

                  r_count     <= "000000";

        horiz_sync  <= '0';

        vert_sync   <= '0';

        video_on_h  <= '0';

        video_on_v  <= '0';

        cursor_on_h <= '0';

        cursor_on_v <= '0';

                  blink_count <= BLINK_RATE;

    elsif falling_edge(vga_clk) then

      --

      -- H_count counts pixels (640 + extra time for sync signals)

      --

      --  Horiz_sync  -----------------------------__________--------

      --  H_count       0                640      659       755    799

      --

      if h_count = HOR_SCAN_END then

        h_count <= 0;

                  c_count <= "0000000";

                  p_count <= 0;

      else

        h_count <= h_count + 1;

                  p_count <= p_count + 1;

                  if p_count = VGA_PIXELS_PER_CHAR-1 then

                    p_count <= 0;

                    c_count <= c_count + "0000001";

                  end if;

      end if;

      --

      -- V_count counts rows of pixels

      -- 400 lines + extra time for sync signals

      -- 25 rows * 16 scan lines

      --

      --  Vert_sync      ---------------------------------_______------------

      --  V_count         0                       400    413     414        444

      --

      if (v_count = VER_SCAN_END) and (h_count = HOR_SCAN_END) then

        v_count <= 0;

                  l_count <= "0000";

                  r_count <= "000000";

      elsif h_count = HOR_SYNC_END then

        v_count <= v_count + 1;

        l_count <= l_count + "0001";

                  if l_count = VGA_LINES_PER_CHAR-1 then

                    l_count <= "0000";

                    r_count <= r_count + "000001";

                  end if;

      end if;

      --

      -- Generate Horizontal Sync Signal

      --

      if h_count = HOR_SYNC_BEG then

        horiz_sync <= '1';

      elsif h_count = HOR_SYNC_END then

        horiz_sync <= '0';

      end if;

      --

      -- Generate Vertical Sync Signal

      --

      if v_count = VER_SYNC_BEG then

        vert_sync <= '1';

      elsif v_count = VER_SYNC_END then

        vert_sync <= '0';

      end if;

                --

      -- Horizontal display enable

                --

      if h_count = 0 then

        video_on_h <= '1';

      elsif h_count = HOR_DISP_END then

        video_on_h <= '0';

      end if;

                --

      -- Verical display enable

                --

      if v_count = 0 then

        video_on_v <= '1';

      elsif v_count = VER_DISP_END then

        video_on_v <= '0';

      end if;

                --

                -- Horizontal cursor on

                --

      if c_count = reg_hcursor(6 downto 0) then

        cursor_on_h <= '1';

      else

        cursor_on_h <= '0';

      end if;

                --

                -- Vertical cursor on

                --

      if r_count = ("0" & reg_vcursor(4 downto 0)) then

        cursor_on_v <= '1';

      else

        cursor_on_v <= '0';

      end if;

      -- cursor_on is only active when on selected character

                if blink_count = 0 then

                  blink_count <= BLINK_RATE;

                else

        blink_count <= blink_count - 1;

      end if;

    end if;

  end process;

  --

  -- VGA reset = VDU reset

  -- VGA = timing section

  -- VDU = CPU registers

  --

  vga_rst <= vdu_rst;

  --

  -- VGA Sync for 640 pixels x 400 lines

  -- negative horizonal sync

  -- positive verical sync

  --

  vga_hsync_o <= not horiz_sync;

  vga_vsync_o <= vert_sync;

  --

  -- video_on is high only when RGB data is displayed

  --

  video_on1   <= video_on_H and video_on_V;

  cursor_on1  <= cursor_on_h and cursor_on_v;

--

-- Here to look up character ROM

-- This will take one clock cycle

-- and should be performed on p_count = "111"

--

  char_addr(10 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(6 downto 0);

  char_addr(3 downto 0)  <= l_count;

end RTL;