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--===========================================================================--

--                                                                           --

--  vdu8_new.vhd - Synthesizable Colour Video Display Unit for System09      --

--                                                                           --

--===========================================================================--

--

--  File name      : vdu8_new.vhd

--

--  Purpose        : Implements a text based Colour Video Display Unit for System09

--                   Supports 2KByte Text buffer and 2KByte Attribute memory

--                   Displays 80 characters across by 25 character rows

--                   Characters are 8 pixels across x 16 lines down.

--                   Character attribute bita for foreground and backgrond colour

--                   1 bit for each Blue Green and Red signal

--                   Supports 2 x 8 chunky graphics character mode.

--                   Uses Generic arguments for setting the video synchronization timing.

--                   (I'm not sure what is "new" about this version.)

--                  

--  Dependencies   : ieee.Std_Logic_1164

--                   ieee.std_logic_arith

--                   ieee.std_logic_unsigned

--                   ieee.numeric_std

--                   unisim.vcomponents

--

--  Uses           : ram_2k (ram2k_b16.vhd)             2KByte Character & Attribute buffer

--                   char_rom (char_rom2k_b16.vhd)      2KByte Character Generator ROM 

--

--  Author         : John E. Kent

--

--  Email          : dilbert57@opencores.org      

--

--  Web            : http://opencores.org/project,system09

--

--  Description    : Display Timing:

--                       800 pixels / line

--                       446 lines / frame

--                       None interlaced

--                       25MHz pixel clock implies 

--                       31.25 KHz line rate

--                       70.067 Hz frame rate   

--                       Timing settable by generics.

--

--                   Display Size:

--                       80 characters across

--                       25 characters down.

--

--                   Character Size:

--                        8 horizontal pixels across

--                       16 vertical scan lines down (2 scan lines/row)

--

--                   Registers:

--                   Base + 0 ASCII character register

--                            Writing to this register writes an 8 bit byte 

--                            into the text buffer at the specified cursor position

--                            Text Mode: ASCII Character (0 to 127)

--                            Chunky Graphics Mode: B0 B1 (0 to 255)

--                                                  B2 B3

--                                                  B4 B5

--                                                  B6 B7

--                   Base + 1 Attibute bit (0 to 255)

--                            Writing to the register writes an 8 bit byte 

--                            into the attribute buffer at the specified cursor position

--                            B7 - 0 => Text Mode / 1 => Chunky Graphics Mode

--                            B6 - 1 => Character Background Blue

--                            B5 - 1 => Character Background Green

--                            B4 - 1 => Character Background Red

--                            B3 - 1 => Character Background & Foreground Alternates

--                            B2 - 1 => Character Foreground Blue

--                            B1 - 1 => Character Foreground Green

--                            B0 - 1 => Character Foreground Red

--                   Base + 2 Cursor Horizontal Position (0 to 79)

--                   Base + 3 Cusror Vertical Position (0 to 24)

--                   Base + 4 Vertical Scroll Offset (0 to 24)

--                            Scrolls the display up by the specified number of character rows

--

--

--  Video Timing :

--

--  Horizontal 800 Pixels/ 25MHz Pixel Clock = 32usec Line period = 31.25 KHz Line Frequency

--  /--------------------------\_____________/---------------\______________/

--      640 Pixels Display       16 Pixel FP    96 Pixel HS     48 Pixel BP

--    

--      VGA_CLK_FREQ           : integer := 25000000; -- HZ

--           VGA_HOR_FRONT_PORCH    : integer := 16; -- PIXELS 0.64us (0.94us)

--           VGA_HOR_SYNC           : integer := 96; -- PIXELS 3.84us (3.77us)

--           VGA_HOR_BACK_PORCH     : integer := 48; -- PIXELS 1.92us (1.89us)

--           VGA_PIX_PER_CHAR       : integer := 8;  -- PIXELS 0.32us

--           VGA_HOR_CHARS          : integer := 80; -- CHARACTERS 25.6us

--

--  Vertical 446 Lines * 32 usec Line rate = 14.272ms Frame Period = 70.07Hz Frame frequency  

--  /---------------------------\____________/---------------\______________/

--      400 Line Display          10 Line FP     2 Line VS      34 Line BP

--

--           VGA_VER_FRONT_PORCH    : integer := 10; -- LINES 0.320ms

--           VGA_VER_SYNC           : integer := 2;  -- LINES 0.064ms

--           VGA_VER_BACK_PORCH     : integer := 34; -- LINES 1.088ms

--           VGA_LIN_PER_CHAR       : integer := 16; -- LINES 0.512ms

--           VGA_VER_CHARS          : integer := 25; -- CHARACTERS 12.8ms

--

--  Copyright (C) 2003 - 2010 John Kent

--

--  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

--  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

--  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or

--  (at your option) any later version.

--

--  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

--  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

--  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

--  GNU General Public License for more details.

--

--  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

--  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

--

--===========================================================================--

--                                                                           --

--                              Revision  History                            --

--                                                                           --

--===========================================================================--

--

-- Version Author      Date        Changes

--

-- 0.1     John Kent   2004-09-03  Initial release

--

-- 0.2     Bert Cuzeau 2007-01-16  Modified by for compliance and code cleanliness

--                                 The effort is not over.

--                                 There are still signal initialized, which is BAD.

--

-- 0.3     John Kent   2007-02-07  Added generics for VGA Timing

--

-- 0.4     John Kent   2010-06-16  Added GPL notice. Updated description

--                                 I'm not sure what is "new" about this version

--

Library IEEE;

   use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

   use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;

   use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

   use ieee.numeric_std.all;

library unisim;

   use unisim.vcomponents.all;

Entity vdu8 is

  generic(

        VGA_CLK_FREQ           : integer := 25000000; -- HZ

             VGA_HOR_CHARS          : integer := 80; -- CHARACTERS 25.6us

             VGA_HOR_CHAR_PIXELS    : integer := 8;  -- PIXELS 0.32us

             VGA_HOR_FRONT_PORCH    : integer := 16; -- PIXELS 0.64us

             VGA_HOR_SYNC           : integer := 96; -- PIXELS 3.84us

             VGA_HOR_BACK_PORCH     : integer := 48; -- PIXELS 1.92us

             VGA_VER_CHARS          : integer := 25; -- CHARACTERS 12.8ms

             VGA_VER_CHAR_LINES     : integer := 16; -- LINES 0.512ms

             VGA_VER_FRONT_PORCH    : integer := 10; -- LINES 0.320ms

             VGA_VER_SYNC           : integer := 2;  -- LINES 0.064ms

             VGA_VER_BACK_PORCH     : integer := 34  -- LINES 1.088ms

  );

  port(

    -- control register interface

    vdu_clk      : in  std_logic;       -- 12.5/25 MHz CPU Clock

    vdu_rst      : in  std_logic;

    vdu_cs       : in  std_logic;

    vdu_rw       : in  std_logic;

    vdu_addr     : in  std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

    vdu_data_in  : in  std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

    vdu_data_out : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

    -- vga port connections

    vga_clk      : in  std_logic;       -- 25MHz clock

    vga_red_o    : out std_logic;

    vga_green_o  : out std_logic;

    vga_blue_o   : out std_logic;

    vga_hsync_o  : out std_logic;

    vga_vsync_o  : out std_logic

    );

end vdu8;

Architecture RTL of vdu8 is

  --

  -- Synchronisation constants

  --

  -- Displayed Characters per row

  constant HOR_DISP_CHR : integer := VGA_HOR_CHARS;

  -- Last horizontal pixel displayed

  constant HOR_DISP_END : integer := HOR_DISP_CHR * VGA_HOR_CHAR_PIXELS - 1;

  -- Start of horizontal synch pulse

  constant HOR_SYNC_BEG : integer := HOR_DISP_END + VGA_HOR_FRONT_PORCH;

  -- End of Horizontal Synch pulse

  constant HOR_SYNC_END : integer := HOR_SYNC_BEG + VGA_HOR_SYNC;

  -- Last pixel in scan line

  constant HOR_SCAN_END : integer := HOR_SYNC_END + VGA_HOR_BACK_PORCH;

  -- Displayed Characters per Column

  constant VER_DISP_CHR   : integer := VGA_VER_CHARS;

  -- last row displayed

  constant VER_DISP_END   : integer := VER_DISP_CHR * VGA_VER_CHAR_LINES - 1;

  -- start of vertical synch pulse

  constant VER_SYNC_BEG   : integer := VER_DISP_END + VGA_VER_FRONT_PORCH;

  -- end of vertical synch pulse

  constant VER_SYNC_END   : integer := VER_SYNC_BEG + VGA_VER_SYNC;

  -- Last scan row in the frame

  constant VER_SCAN_END   : integer := VER_SYNC_END + VGA_VER_BACK_PORCH;

  constant BLINK_PERIOD   : integer := 500; -- Blink Rate in msec

  constant BLINK_RATE     : integer := BLINK_PERIOD * (VGA_CLOCK_FREQUENCY/1000);

  signal vga_rst       : std_logic;

  signal horiz_sync    : std_logic := '0';

  signal vert_sync     : std_logic := '0';

  signal cursor_on_v   : std_logic := '0';

  signal cursor_on_h   : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on_v    : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on_h    : std_logic := '0';

  signal h_count       : natural range 0 to HOR_SCAN_END := 0;

  signal v_count       : natural range 0 to VER_SCAN_END := 0;

  signal p_count       : natural range 0 to VGA_PIXELS_PER_CHAR-1 := 0;

  signal l_count       : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0000";

  signal c_count       : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := "0000000";

  signal r_count       : std_logic_vector(5 downto 0) := "000000";

  signal blink_count   : natural range 0 to BLINK_RATE := 0;

  --

  -- Character generator ROM

  --

  signal char_addr     : std_logic_vector(10 downto 0);

  signal char_data_out : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  --

  -- Control Registers

  --

  signal reg_character : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  signal reg_colour    : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  signal reg_hcursor   : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);   -- 80 columns

  signal reg_vcursor   : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);   -- 25 rows

  signal reg_voffset   : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);   -- 25 rows

  --

  -- Video Shift register

  --

  signal vga_shift     : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  signal vga_fg_colour : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

  signal vga_bg_colour : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

  signal cursor_on     : std_logic := '0';

  signal cursor_on1    : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on      : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on1     : std_logic := '0';

  signal video_on2     : std_logic := '0';

  --

  -- vga character ram access bus

  --

  signal col_addr      : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 79

  signal row_addr      : std_logic_vector(5 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 49 (25 * 2 -1)

  signal col1_addr     : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 79

  signal row1_addr     : std_logic_vector(5 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 49 (25 * 2 - 1)

  signal hor_addr      : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 79

  signal ver_addr      : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others=>'0'); -- 0 to 124

  signal vga0_cs       : std_logic;

  signal vga0_rw       : std_logic;

  signal vga1_cs       : std_logic;

  signal vga1_rw       : std_logic;

  signal vga2_cs       : std_logic;

  signal vga2_rw       : std_logic;

  signal vga_cs        : std_logic;

  signal vga_rw        : std_logic;

  signal vga_addr      : std_logic_vector(10 downto 0) := (others=>'0');  -- 2K byte character buffer

  signal vga_data_out  : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  signal attr_data_out : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  --

  -- Character write handshake signals

  --

  signal req_write     : std_logic;     -- request character write

  signal ack_write     : std_logic;

  --

  -- Block Ram Character gen

  --

  component char_rom

    port (

      clk   : in  std_logic;

      rst   : in  std_logic;

      cs    : in  std_logic;

      rw    : in  std_logic;

      addr  : in  std_logic_vector (10 downto 0);

      wdata : in std_logic_vector (7 downto 0);

      rdata : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0)

      );

  end component;

  component ram_2k

    port (

      clk   : in  std_logic;

      rst   : in  std_logic;

      cs    : in  std_logic;

      rw    : in  std_logic;

      addr  : in  std_logic_vector (10 downto 0);

      wdata : in  std_logic_vector (7 downto 0);

      rdata : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0)

      );

  end component;

begin

--

-- instantiate Character generator ROM

--

vdu_char_rom : char_rom port map(

    clk   => vga_clk,

         rst   => vga_rst,

         cs    => '1',

         rw    => '1',

    addr  => char_addr,

    wdata => "00000000",

    rdata => char_data_out

    );

--

-- Character buffer RAM

--

char_buff_ram : ram_2k port map(

    clk   => vga_clk,

    rst   => vga_rst,

    cs    => vga_cs,

    rw    => vga_rw,

    addr  => vga_addr,

    wdata => reg_character,

    rdata => vga_data_out

    );

--

-- Attribute buffer RAM

--

  attr_buff_ram : ram_2k port map(

    clk   => vga_clk,

    rst   => vga_rst,

    cs    => vga_cs,

    rw    => vga_rw,

    addr  => vga_addr,

    wdata => reg_colour,

    rdata => attr_data_out

    );

--

-- CPU Write interface

--

  vga_cpu_write : process(vdu_clk, vdu_rst)

  begin

    if vdu_rst = '1' then

      reg_character <= "00000000";

      reg_colour    <= "00000111";

      reg_hcursor   <= "0000000";

      reg_vcursor   <= "00000";

      reg_voffset   <= "00000";

      req_write     <= '0';

    elsif falling_edge(vdu_clk) then

      if (vdu_cs = '1') and (vdu_rw = '0') then

        case vdu_addr is

          when "000" =>

            reg_character <= vdu_data_in;

            req_write     <= '1';

          when "001" =>

            reg_colour    <= vdu_data_in;

          when "010" =>

            reg_hcursor   <= vdu_data_in(6 downto 0);

          when "011" =>

            reg_vcursor   <= vdu_data_in(4 downto 0);

          when others =>

            reg_voffset   <= vdu_data_in(4 downto 0);

        end case;

      else

        if (req_write = '1') and (ack_write = '1') then

          req_write <= '0';

        else

          req_write <= req_write;

        end if;

      end if;

    end if;

  end process;

  --

  -- CPU Read interface

  --

  vga_cpu_read : process(vdu_addr, vdu_cs,

                         reg_character, reg_colour,

                         reg_hcursor, reg_vcursor, reg_voffset)

  begin

    case vdu_addr is

      when "000" =>

        vdu_data_out <= reg_character;

      when "001" =>

        vdu_data_out <= reg_colour;

      when "010" =>

        vdu_data_out <= "0" & reg_hcursor;

      when "011" =>

        vdu_data_out <= "000" & reg_vcursor;

      when others =>

        vdu_data_out <= "000" & reg_voffset;

    end case;

  end process;

  --

  -- Video memory access

  --

  vga_addr_proc : process(vga_clk, vga_rst)

  begin

    if vga_rst = '1' then

      vga0_cs   <= '0';

      vga0_rw   <= '1';

      row_addr  <= "000000";

      col_addr  <= "0000000";

      --

      vga1_cs   <= '0';

      vga1_rw   <= '1';

      row1_addr <= "000000";

      col1_addr <= "0000000";

      --

      vga2_cs   <= '0';

      vga2_rw   <= '1';

      ver_addr  <= "0000000";

      hor_addr  <= "0000000";

      --

      vga_cs    <= '0';

      vga_rw    <= '1';

      vga_addr  <= "00000000000";

    elsif falling_edge(vga_clk) then

      --

      -- on h_count = 0 initiate character write.

      -- all other cycles are reads.

      --

      case p_count is

        when 0 =>                   -- pipeline character write

          vga0_cs  <= req_write;

          vga0_rw  <= '0';

          col_addr <= reg_hcursor(6 downto 0);

          row_addr <= ("0" & reg_vcursor(4 downto 0)) + ("0" & reg_voffset(4 downto 0));

        when others =>                  -- other 7 cycles free

          vga0_cs  <= '1';

          vga0_rw  <= '1';

          col_addr <= c_count;

          row_addr <= r_count + ("0" & reg_voffset(4 downto 0));

      end case;

      --

      -- on vga_clk + 1 round off row address

      --

      vga1_cs <= vga0_cs;

      vga1_rw <= vga0_rw;

      if row_addr < VER_DISP_CHR then

        row1_addr <= row_addr;

      else

        row1_addr <= row_addr - VER_DISP_CHR;

      end if;

      col1_addr <= col_addr;

      --

      -- on vga_clk + 2 calculate vertical address

      --

      vga2_cs   <= vga1_cs;

      vga2_rw   <= vga1_rw;

      ver_addr  <= ("00" & row1_addr(4 downto 0)) + (row1_addr(4 downto 0) & "00");

      hor_addr  <= col1_addr;

      --

      -- on vga_clk + 3 calculate memory address

      --

      vga_cs    <= vga2_cs;

      vga_rw    <= vga2_rw;

      vga_addr  <= ("0000" & hor_addr) + (ver_addr & "0000");

    end if;

  end process;

--

-- Video shift register

--

  vga_shift_proc : process( vga_clk, vga_rst)

  begin

    if vga_rst = '1' then

      ack_write     <= '0';

      video_on2     <= '0';

      video_on      <= '0';

      cursor_on     <= '0';

      vga_bg_colour <= "000";

      vga_fg_colour <= "111";

      vga_shift     <= "00000000";

      vga_red_o     <= '0';

      vga_green_o   <= '0';

      vga_blue_o    <= '0';

      -- Put all video signals through DFFs to elminate any delays that cause a blurry image

    elsif falling_edge(vga_clk) then

           --

      -- p_count = 0 load pixel shift register

                --

      if p_count = 0 then

        if (req_write = '1') and (ack_write = '0') then

          ack_write <= '1';

        elsif (req_write = '0') and (ack_write = '1') then

          ack_write <= '0';

        else

          ack_write <= ack_write;

        end if;

                  --

                  -- Pipeline video enable

                  --

        video_on2     <= video_on1;

        video_on      <= video_on2;

                  --

                  -- Blink Cursor

                  --

                  if blink_count > (BLINK_RATE/2) then

           cursor_on  <= cursor_on1 or attr_data_out(3);

        else

                     cursor_on  <= '0';

        end if;

                  --

                  -- Set forground and background colours

                  --

        vga_fg_colour <= attr_data_out(2 downto 0);

        vga_bg_colour <= attr_data_out(6 downto 4);

                  --

                  -- Attribute bit 7

                  --   0 => text

                  --   1 => chunky graphics

                  --

        if attr_data_out(7) = '0' then

          vga_shift <= char_data_out;

        else

          case l_count(3 downto 2) is

            when "00" =>

              vga_shift(7 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(0) & vga_data_out(0) & vga_data_out(0) & vga_data_out(0);

              vga_shift(3 downto 0) <= vga_data_out(1) & vga_data_out(1) & vga_data_out(1) & vga_data_out(1);

            when "01" =>

              vga_shift(7 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(2) & vga_data_out(2) & vga_data_out(2) & vga_data_out(2);

              vga_shift(3 downto 0) <= vga_data_out(3) & vga_data_out(3) & vga_data_out(3) & vga_data_out(3);

            when "10" =>

              vga_shift(7 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(4) & vga_data_out(4) & vga_data_out(4) & vga_data_out(4);

              vga_shift(3 downto 0) <= vga_data_out(5) & vga_data_out(5) & vga_data_out(5) & vga_data_out(5);

            when others =>

              vga_shift(7 downto 4) <= vga_data_out(6) & vga_data_out(6) & vga_data_out(6) & vga_data_out(6);

              vga_shift(3 downto 0) <= vga_data_out(7) & vga_data_out(7) & vga_data_out(7) & vga_data_out(7);

          end case;

        end if;

      else

                  --

                  -- p_count /= 0 shift out pixel shift register

                  --

        vga_shift <= vga_shift(6 downto 0) & '0';

      end if;

      --

      -- Colour mask is

      --  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0

      --  X BG BB BR  X FG FB FR

      --

      if vga_shift(7) = (not cursor_on) then

        vga_red_o   <= video_on and vga_fg_colour(0);

        vga_green_o <= video_on and vga_fg_colour(1);

        vga_blue_o  <= video_on and vga_fg_colour(2);

      else

        vga_red_o   <= video_on and vga_bg_colour(0);

        vga_green_o <= video_on and vga_bg_colour(1);

        vga_blue_o  <= video_on and vga_bg_colour(2);

      end if;

    end if;

  end process;

--

-- Sync generator & timing process

-- Generate Horizontal and Vertical Timing Signals for Video Signal

--

  vga_sync : process(vga_clk, vga_rst)

  begin

    if vga_rst = '1' then

        h_count     <= 0;

                  c_count     <= "0000000";

                  p_count     <= 0;

        v_count     <= 0;

                  l_count     <= "0000";

                  r_count     <= "000000";

        horiz_sync  <= '0';

        vert_sync   <= '0';

        video_on_h  <= '0';

        video_on_v  <= '0';

        cursor_on_h <= '0';

        cursor_on_v <= '0';

                  blink_count <= BLINK_RATE;

    elsif falling_edge(vga_clk) then

      --

      -- H_count counts pixels (640 + extra time for sync signals)

      --

      --  Horiz_sync  -----------------------------__________--------

      --  H_count       0                640      659       755    799

      --

      if h_count = HOR_SCAN_END then

        h_count <= 0;

                  c_count <= "0000000";

                  p_count <= 0;

      else

        h_count <= h_count + 1;

                  p_count <= p_count + 1;

                  if p_count = VGA_PIXELS_PER_CHAR-1 then

                    p_count <= 0;

                    c_count <= c_count + "0000001";

                  end if;

      end if;

      --

      -- V_count counts rows of pixels

      -- 400 lines + extra time for sync signals

      -- 25 rows * 16 scan lines

      --

      --  Vert_sync      ---------------------------------_______------------

      --  V_count         0                       400    413     414        444

      --

      if (v_count = VER_SCAN_END) and (h_count = HOR_SCAN_END) then

        v_count <= 0;

                  l_count <= "0000";

                  r_count <= "000000";

      elsif h_count = HOR_SYNC_END then

        v_count <= v_count + 1;

        l_count <= l_count + "0001";

                  if l_count = VGA_LINES_PER_CHAR-1 then

                    l_count <= "0000";

                    r_count <= r_count + "000001";

                  end if;

      end if;

      --

      -- Generate Horizontal Sync Signal

      --

      if h_count = HOR_SYNC_BEG then

        horiz_sync <= '1';

      elsif h_count = HOR_SYNC_END then

        horiz_sync <= '0';

      end if;

      --

      -- Generate Vertical Sync Signal

      --

      if v_count = VER_SYNC_BEG then

        vert_sync <= '1';

      elsif v_count = VER_SYNC_END then

        vert_sync <= '0';

      end if;

                --

      -- Horizontal display enable

                --

      if h_count = 0 then

        video_on_h <= '1';

      elsif h_count = HOR_DISP_END then

        video_on_h <= '0';