Subversion Repositories ao68000

Registers:

D0,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7                     32-bit

A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6                        32-bit

A7                               USP        32-bit

A7'                              SSP        32-bit

PC                                          32-bit

CCR condition code reg, SR status register  8-bit User, 16-bit Supervisor

Address registers:

base address registers, word and long-word operations,

operations always affect 32-bits, word operations sign-extended

All 16: index registers

SR

Condition Code Register:

0:      C Carry

1:      V Overflow

2:      Z Zero

3:      N Negative

4:      X Extend

Status register:

8-10:   I Interrupt mask

13:     S Supervisor

15:     T Trace mode

MC68000 Addressing modes

                                                                                        Number of extension words

Register Direct Addressing

     Data Register Direct                   = Dn                                    0

     Address Register Direct                = An                                    0

Absolute Data Addressing

     Absolute Short                         = (Next Word)                           1

     Absolute Long                          = (Next Two Words)                      2

Program Counter Relative Addressing

     Relative with Offset                   = (PC + d16)                            1

     Relative with Index and Offset         = (PC + Rn + d8)                        1*

Register Indirect Addressing

     Register Indirect                      = (An)                                  0

     Postincrement Register Indirect        = (An), An <- An + N                    0

     Predecrement Register Indirect        An <- An–N,  = (An)                      0

     Register Indirect with Offset          = (An + d16)                            1

     Indexed Register Indirect with Offset  = (An + Rn + d8)                        1*

Immediate Data Addressing

     Immediate                             DATA = Next Word(s)                          1 or 2

     Quick Immediate                       Inherent Data                                0

Implied Addressing

     Implied Register                       = SR, USP, SSP, PC                      0

N = 1 for byte, 2 for word, and 4 for long word. If An is the stack pointer and

   the operand size is byte, N = 2 to keep the stack pointer on a word

   boundary.

1*: format of brief extension word

Data/Address(1 bit) Rn(3 bits) word/long(1 bit) 000 d8(8 bits)

word/long: size of sign-extended index register

Exceptions

1       Reset: Initial PC               (Supervisor Program Space)

2       Bus Error                       From external logic

3       Address Error                   Odd address fetch

4       Illegal Instruction             $4AFA, $4AFB, $4AFC

5       Zero Divide

6       CHK Instruction                 Trap check bounds

7       TRAPV Instruction               Trap overflow

8       Privilege Violation

9       Trace

10      Line 1010 Emulator              Illegal instruction

11      Line 1111 Emulator              Illegal instruction

12-14   RESERVED

15      Uninitialized Interrupt Vector  Default for uninitialized ext hw

16-23   RESERVED

24      Spurious Interrupt              Bus error while int ack cycle

25      Level 1 Interrupt Autovector

26      Level 2 Interrupt Autovector

27      Level 3 Interrupt Autovector

28      Level 4 Interrupt Autovector

29      Level 5 Interrupt Autovector

30      Level 6 Interrupt Autovector

31      Level 7 Interrupt Autovector

32-47   Trap Instruction Vectors        Trap instruction

48-63   RESERVED

64-255  User Interrupt Vectors

Ack cycle: DACK + vector number, VPA, AVEC, BERR

Privilege violations:                   PC address current

AND Immediate to SR

EOR Immediate to SR

OR Immediate to SR

MOVE to SR?

MOVE USP

RESET

RTE

STOP

Tracing

Not: when interrupt, illegal, privileged, reset, bus error, address error

Before: pending interrupt

After: instruction generated exception

Stack Frame

Reset:

None

Bus/Address error:

00. reset, 01. address error, 02. bus error: immediate reaction: abort current bus cycle, abort instruction or exception processing

if bus error/address error while address error,bus error or reset: block processor

address error: access word or long operand or instruction from odd address

bus error: BERR

processing an instruction: normal state or in group 2 exception

not processing an instruction: group 0 or 1 exception

Stack frame:

Undefined 11 bits, Read/Write bit 4, Instruction/Not bit 3, Function code bits 2-0,

Access address 32 bits,

Instruction register 16 bits,

Status register 16 bits,

Program counter 32 bits

Rest:

Status register, Program counter

Processing sequence

From TRAP: 1 -> S-bit of SR; SSP -= 4; PC -> (SSP); SSP -= 2; SR -> (SSP)

From ILLEGAL: SSP -= 4; PC -> (SSP); SSP -= 2; SR -> (SSP)

Copy status register

Enter Supervisor mode

Turn off tracing

Reset, interrupt exceptions: update interrupt priority mask

Determine vector number

Save on stack using SSP

PC value in exceptions:

    usualy: trap: trace: interrupt: with address of next instruction,

    address and bus errors: advanced 2-10 bytes after first word of current instruction

    privilege violation: illegal: address of first word of current instruction

Without:

- Function Codes

- Bus arbitration

- Synchronous 6800 bus cycles

Operation code map:

0000 Bit Manipulation/MOVEP/Immediate

0001 Move Byte

0010 Move Long

0011 Move Word

0100 Miscellaneous

0101 ADDQ/SUBQ/Scc/DBcc/TRAPc

0110 Bcc/BSR/BRA

0111 MOVEQ

1000 OR/DIV/SBCD

1001 SUB/SUBX

1010 (Unassigned, Reserved)

1011 CMP/EOR

1100 AND/MUL/ABCD/EXG

1101 ADD/ADDX

1110 Shift/Rotate/Bit Field

1111 Coprocessor Interface/MC68040 and CPU32 Extensions

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* add, sub

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

ABCD        Add Decimal with Extend

[SBCD        Subtract Decimal with Extend]

    Destination10 +[-] Source10 +[-] X -> Destination

    Byte operation, packed BCD

    CC: X=C set if decimal carry [borrow] else cleared; Z cleared if result nonzero else unchanged; N,V undefined

    1100[1000] Ry dest(3 bits) 1 0000 R/M Rx source(3 bits)

        R/M = 0 data registers, 1 = address registers predecrement: -(An)

*

ADD         Add

[SUB          Subtract]

    Destination +[-] Source -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X=C set if carry[borrow] generated else cleared; V set if overflow else cleared; Z set if result zero else cleared;

        N set if result negative else cleared

    1101[1001] register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register (3,3 bits)

        register: data reg

        opmode: 000,001,010 byte,word,long: ea +[-] Dn -> Dn; 100, 101, 110 byte,word,long: Dn +[-] ea -> ea

        ea source, all modes:     Dn 000,    An (word, long) 001, (An) 010, (An)+ 011, -(An) 100, (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                  (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001, #data 111 100, (d16, PC) 111 010, (d8, PC, Xn) 111 011

        ea dest, memory alter:                                    (An) 010, (An)+ 011, -(An) 100, (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                  (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001

*

ADDA        Add Address

[SUBA         Subtract Address]

    Destination +[-] Source -> Destination

    Word, Long

    CC: not affected

    1101[1001] register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        register: destination An

        opmode: 011 word operation sign extended to 32 bits; 111 long operation

        ea source, all modes.

*

ADDI        Add Immediate

[SUBI         Subtract Immediate]

    Destination +[-] Immediate data -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: same as ADD

    0000 0110[0100] size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits); imm16 next word, imm8 lower order byte of next word, imm32 two next words

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea dest, data alter:    Dn 000,                 (An) 010, (An)+ 011, -(An) 100, (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001,

*

ADDQ        Add Quick

[SUBQ         Subtract Quick]

    Destination +[-] Immediate data -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: same as ADD,ADDA; not affected when destiantion is An

    0101 data(3 bits) 0[1] size(2 bits) ea mode register (3,3 bits)

        data: immediate data: 0=8, 1=1, ..., 7=7

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea dest, alter:            Dn 000, An (word, long) 001, (An) 010, (An)+ 011, -(An) 100, (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001,

*

ADDX        Add with Extend

[SUBX         Subtract with Extend]

    Destination +[-] Source +[-] X -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X=C set if carry[borrow] else cleared; V set if overflow else cleared; Z cleared if nonzero else unchanged; N set if negative else cleared

    1101[1001] Ry dest(3 bits) 1 size(2 bits) 00 R/M Rx source(3 bits)

        R/M = 0 data registers, 1 = address registers predecrement: -(An)

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* cmp

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

CMP         Compare

    Destination - Source -> CC

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X not affected; C set if borrow else cleared; V set if overflow else cleared; Z set if zero else cleared; N set if negative else cleared

    1011 register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        register: destination Dn

        opmode: 000,001,010 byte,word,long: Dn - ea

        ea source, all modes.

*

CMPA        Compare Address

    Destination - Source -> CC

    CC: same as CMP

    1011 register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        register: destination An

        opmode: 011 word operation sign extended to 32 bits; 111 long operation

        ea source, all modes.

*

CMPI        Compare Immediate

    Destination - Immediate Data -> CC

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: same as CMP

    0000 1100 size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits); imm16 next word, imm8 lower order byte of next word, imm32 two next words

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea dest, data alter.

*

CMPM        Compare Memory to Memory

    Destination - Source -> CC

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: same as CMP

    1011 Ax dest(3 bits) 1 size(2 bits) 00 1 Ay source(3 bits)

        Ax dest, Ay source: postincrement: +(An)

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* mul, div

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

MULS         Signed Multiply

[MULU         Unsigned Multiply]

    Source x Destination -> Destination

    Word operation: source and dest 16 bit lower order -> destination 32 bit

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else cleared; N set if negative else cleared

    1100 Dn dest(3 bits) 1[0] 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea source, data:        Dn 000,                         (An) 010, (An)+ 011, -(An) 100, (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001, #data 111 100, (d16, PC) 111 010, (d8, PC, Xn) 111 011

*

DIVS        Signed Divide

[DIVU        Unsigned Divide]

    Destination / Source -> Destination

    Word operation: dest 32 bits, source 16 bits -> 16 bit MSB remainder, 16 bit LSB quotient, sign of remainder = sign of dividend

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V set if overflow else if trap undefined else cleared;

        Z set if quotient zero else if trap or overflow undefined else cleared;

        Z set if quotient negative else if trap or overflow undefined else cleared;

    1000 Dn dest(3 bits) 1[0] 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea source, data.

    Overflow: if quotient larger than a 16-bit signed integer.

    Division by 0: trap.

    If overflow detected: operands unaffected.

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* ext, neg

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

EXT         Sign Extend

    Destination sign-extended -> Destination

    Word, Long

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else cleared; N set if negative else cleared

    0100 100 opmode(3 bits) 00 0 Dn dest(3 bits)

        opmode: 010,011 byte to word, word to long

*

NEGX        Negate with Extend

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X=C set if borrow else clear; V set if overflow else clear; Z set if nonzero else unchanged; N set if negative else clear

    0100 0000 size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea dest, data alter.

*

NBCD        Negate Decimal with Extend

    Byte operation

    CC: X=C set if decimal borrow else cleared; Z cleared if nonzero else unchanged; N,V undefined

    0100 1000 00 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea dest, data alter.

*

NEG         Negate

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X=C clear if zero else set; V set if overflow else clear; Z set if zero else clear; N set if negative else clear

    0100 0100 size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea dest, data alter.

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* and,eor,or,not

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

AND         Logical AND

[OR           Logical Inclusive-OR]

    Source &[|] Destination -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long: not on An

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else clear; N set if MSB set else cleared

    1100[1000] Dn register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        opmode: 000,001,010 byte,word,long: ea & Dn -> Dn; 100,101,110 byte,word,long: Dn & ea -> ea

        ea source, data.

        ea dest, memory alter.

*

ANDI        Logical AND Immediate

[EORI        Logical Exclusive-OR Immediate]

[ORI          Logical Inclusive-OR Immediate]

    Immediate data &[^][|] Destination -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else clear; N set if MSB set else cleared

    0000 0010[1010][0000] size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits); imm16 next word, imm8 lower order byte of next word, imm32 two next words

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea dest, data alter.

*

ANDI to CCR AND Immediate to Condition Code Register

[EORI to CCR Exclusive-OR Immediate to Condition Code Register]

[ORI to CCR   Inclusive-OR Immediate to Condition Code Register]

    Source &[^][|] CCR -> CCR

    Byte operation

    CC: result

    0000 0010[1010][0000] 00 111 100; 0000 0000 data(8 bit)

*

ANDI to SR  AND Immediate to Status Register/Privilege/

[EORI to SR  Exclusive-OR Immediate to Status Register/Privilege/]

[ORI to SR   Inclusive-OR Immediate to Status Register/Privilege/]

    Source &[^][|] SR -> SR

    Word operation

    CC: result

    0000 0010[1010][0000] 01 111 100; data(16 bit)

*

EOR         Logical Exclusive-OR

    Source ^ Destination -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else clear; N set if MSB set else cleared

    1011 Dn source(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        opmode: 100,101,110 byte,word,long: ea ^ Dn -> ea

        ea dest, data alter.

*

NOT          Logical Complement

    ~ Destination -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else cleared; N set if negative else cleared

    0100 0110 size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea dest, data alter.

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* shift,rotate

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

ASL, ASR    Arithmetic Shift Left and Right

[LSL, LSR     Logical Shift Left and Right]

[ROL, ROR     Rotate Left and Right]

[ROXL, ROXR   Rotate with Extend Left and Right]

    Destination shifted[shifted][rotated][rotated with X] by count -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long, in memory: 1 bit shift[shift][rotate][rotate] and word

    CC: X set to last bit, unchanged if zero shift[same][not affected][same set]; N set if MSB bit is set else cleared;

        Z set if zero else cleared; V set if MSB bit changed during shift else cleared[cleared][cleared][cleared];

        C set to last bit, cleared if zero shift[same][same][set to X]

    1110 count/register(3 bits) dr(1 bit) size(2 bits) i/r(1 bit) 00[01][11][10] Dn dest(3 bit)

        i/r = 0 count/register=count: 0=8, 1=1, ..., 7=7; i/r = 0 count/register=register: modulo 64

        dr = 0 right shift; dr = 1 left shift

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

    1110 000[001][011][010] dr(1 bit) 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        dr = 0 right shift; dr = 1 left shift

        ea dest: memory alter.

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* move,clr,exg,swap

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

MOVE         Move

    Source -> Destination

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else cleared; N set if negative else cleared

    00 size(2 bits) ea dest register mode(3,3 bits) ea source mode register(3,3 bits)

        size: 01,11,10 byte,word,long

         ea dest, data alter.

         ea source, all modes.

*

MOVEA        Move Address

    Source -> Destination

    Word, Long

    CC: not affected

    00 size(2 bits) An dest(3 bits) 0 01 ea source mode register(3,3 bits)

        size: 11,10 word,long: word operands are sign extended

        ea source, all modes.

*

MOVE to CCR  Move to Condition Code Register

    Source -> CC

    Word operation: upper byte ignored

    0100 0100 11 ea source mode register(3,3 bits)

    ea source, data.

*

MOVE from SR Move from Status Register

    SR -> Destination

    Word operation

    CC: not affected

    0100 0000 11 ea dest mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea dest, data alter.

*

MOVE to SR   Move to Status Register/Privileged/

    Source -> SR

    Word operation

    CC: result

    0100 0110 11 ea source mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea source, data.

*

MOVE USP     Move User Stack Pointer/Privileged/

    USP -> An; An -> USP

    Long operation

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 0110 dr(1 bit) An reg(3 bits)

        dr: 0 An -> USP; 1 USP -> An

*

MOVEM        Move Multiple Registers

    Registers -> Destination; Source -> Registers

    Word, Long: word operations to An or Dn are sign extended

    CC: not affected

    0100 1 dr(1 bit) 00 1 size(1 bit) ea mode register(3,3 bits); register list mask

        dr: 0 register to memory; 1 memory to register

        size: 0,1 word,long operation

        ea dest: register to memory, control alter or predecrement available:

                                                    (An) 010,            -(An) 100, (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001,

        ea source: memory to register, control or postincrement available:

                                                            (An) 010, (An)+ 011,            (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001,                (d16, PC) 111 010, (d8, PC, Xn) 111 011

        list mask: control or postincrement: A7-A0, D7-D0; predecrement: D0-D7; A0-A7

*

MOVEP        Move Peripheral

    Source -> Destination

    Word, Long

    CC: not affected

    0000 data reg(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) 00 1 address reg(3 bits); 16 bit displacement

        opmode: 100,101 word,long: memory -> register; 110,111 word,long: register -> memory

        address reg: (An, d16)

*

MOVEQ        Move Quick

    Immediate data -> Destination

    Long operation; 8 bit data is sign extended to 32 bits

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else cleared; N set if negative else cleared

    0111 Dn dest(3 bits) 0 data(8 bits)

*

CLR         Clear

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set; N cleared

    0100 0010 size(2 bits) ea dest mode register(3,3 bits)

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea dest, data alter.

*

EXG         Exchange Registers

    Rx <-> Ry

    Long operation

    CC: not affected

    1100 Rx reg(3 bits) 1 opmode(5 bits) Ry reg(3 bits)

        Rx reg: if Dn <-> An always Dn

        Ry reg: if Dn <-> An always An

        opmode: 01000 data regs; 01001 address regs; 10001 mix regs

*

SWAP        Swap Register Words

    Reg 31-16 <-> Reg 15-0

    Word operation

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if 32 bits are zero else cleared; N set if result MSB set else cleared

    0100 1000 0100 0 reg(3 bits)

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* branch,jump

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

Bcc         Branch Conditionally

    if condition PC + d8/d16 -> PC

    Byte, Word

    CC: not affected

    0110 condition(4 bits) disp8(8 bit); 16 bit displacement if disp8 == 0

        condition:                               high(!C & !Z) 0010, low or same(C | V) 0011,

                    carry clear(!C) 0100, carry set(C) 0101, not equal(Z) 0110, equal(!Z) 0111,

                    overflow clear(!V) 1000, overflow set(V) 1001, plus(!N) 1010, minus(N) 1011,

                    greater or equal(N & V | !N & !V) 1100, less than(N & !V | !N & V) 1101,

                    greater than(N & V & !Z | !N & !V & !Z) 1110, less or equal(Z | N & !V | !N & V) 1111

*

BRA         Branch

    if condition PC + d8/d16 -> PC

    Byte, Word

    CC: not affected

    0110 0000 disp8(8 bit); 16 bit displacement if disp8 == 0

*

BSR         Branch to Subroutine

    SP -= 4; PC -> (SP); PC + d8/d16 -> PC

    Byte, Word

    CC: not affected

    0110 0001 disp8(8 bit); 16 bit displacement if disp8 == 0

*

DBcc        Test Condition, Decrement, and Branch

    if !condition { Dn(lower order 16 bits) -= 1; if Dn != -1 then PC + d16 -> PC }

    Word operation

    CC: not affected

    0101 condition(4 bits) 1100 1 Dn register(3 bits); 16 bit displacement

        condition:    true(1) 0000, false(0) 0001, high(!C & !Z) 0010, low or same(C | V) 0011,

                    carry clear(!C) 0100, carry set(C) 0101, not equal(Z) 0110, equal(!Z) 0111,

                    overflow clear(!V) 1000, overflow set(V) 1001, plus(!N) 1010, minus(N) 1011,

                    greater or equal(N & V | !N & !V) 1100, less than(N & !V | !N & V),

                    greater than(N & V & !Z | !N & !V & !Z), less or equal(Z | N & !V | !N & V) 1111

*

JMP         Jump

    Destination address -> PC

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea, control:                                          (An) 010,                       (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001,         (d16, PC) 111 010, (d8, PC, Xn) 111 011

*

JSR         Jump to Subroutine

    SP -= 4; PC -> (SP); Destination address -> PC

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 10 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea, control.

*

RTR          Return and Restore

    (SP) -> CC; SP += 2; (SP) -> PC; SP += 4

    Unsized

    CC: set from stack; supervisor bits unaffected

    0100 1110 0111 0111

*

RTS          Return from Subroutine

    (SP) -> PC; SP += 4

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 0111 0101

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* test bit,test,check

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

BCHG        Test Bit and Change

[BCLR        Test Bit and Clear]

[BSET        Test Bit and Set]

[BTST        Test Bit]

    test(  of Destination ) -> Z; test(  of Destination )[0][1][nothing] ->  of Destination

    Byte, Long

    CC: X,N,V,C not affected; Z set if bit tested is zero else cleared

    0000 Dn reg(3 bits) 101[110][111][100] ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        Dn reg: bit number

        ea dest, data alter.[same][same][data address]; Dn is long operation else byte operation

    0000 1000 01[10][11][00] ea mode register(3,3 bits); 0000 0000 bit number(8 bits)

        ea dest, data alter[same][same][data address]; Dn is long operation else byte operation

        ea data address            Dn 000,                         (An) 010, (An)+ 011, -(An) 100, (d16, An) 101, (d8, An, Xn) 110,

                                (xxx).W 111 000, (xxx).L 111 001,                (d16, PC) 111 010, (d8, PC, Xn) 111 011

*

Scc         Set Conditionally

    if condition 1s -> Destination else 0s -> Destination

    Byte operation

    CC: not affected

    0101 condition(4 bits) 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        condition: same as in DBcc

        ea dest, data alter.

*

TAS         Test Operand and Set/Read-modify-write bus operation/

    Destination tested -> CC; 1 -> bit 7 of destination

    Byte operation

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else cleared; N set if MSB bit set else cleared

    0100 1010 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea operand, data alter.

*

TST         Test Operand

    Destination tested -> CC

    Byte, Word, Long

    CC: X not affected; C cleared; V cleared; Z set if zero else cleared; N set if MSB bit set else cleared

    0100 1010 size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        size: 00,01,10 byte,word,long

        ea operand, data alter.

*

CHK         Check Register Against Bound

    if Dn < 0 or Dn > Source then TRAP

    Word operation

    CC: X not affected; N set if Dn < 0; cleared if Dn > Source else undefined; C,V,Z udefined

    0100 Dn reg(3 bits) size(2 bits) 0 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        size: 11 word

        ea source, data.

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* address,stack

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

LEA          Load Effective Address

    ea -> An

    Long operation

    CC: not affected

    0100 An reg(3 bits) 1 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea, control.

*

PEA          Push Effective Address

    SP -= 4; ea -> (SP)

    Long operation

    CC: not affected

    0100 1000 01 ea mode register(3,3 bits)

        ea, control.

*

LINK         Link and Allocate

    SP -= 4; An -> (SP); SP -> An; SP + d16 -> SP

    Word operation

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 0101 0 An reg(3 bits); 16 bit displacement

*

UNLK         Unlink

    An -> SP; (SP) -> An; Sp += 4

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 0101 1 An reg(3 bits)

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* exceptions

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

ILLEGAL     Take Illegal Instruction Trap

    SSP -= 4; PC -> (SSP); SSP -= 2; SR -> (SSP)

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1010 1111 1100

*

TRAP        Trap

    1 -> S-bit of SR; SSP -= 4; PC -> (SSP); SSP -= 2; SR -> (SSP)

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 0100 vector(4 bits)

*

TRAPV       Trap on Overflow

    if V then TRAP

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 0111 0110

*

RTE         Return from Exception/Privileged/

    if S-bit set in SR then { (SP) -> SR; SP += 2; (SP) -> PC; SP += 4; restore state and dealocate rest of stack according to (SP) } else TRAP

    Unsized

    CC: set from stack

    0100 1110 0111 0011

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

* control

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*

NOP          No Operation

    None

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 0111 0001

*

RESET        Reset External Devices/Privileged/

    if S-bit set in SR then { assert !RESET line for 124 clock cycles } else TRAP

    Unsized

    CC: not affected

    0100 1110 0111 0000

*

STOP         Stop/Privileged/

    if S-bit set in SR then { immediate data -> SR; STOP } else TRAP

    Unsized

    CC: set according to immediate data

    0100 1110 0111 0010; 16 bit immediate data

    Resume when trace, interrupt or rest.

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

0000 0010[1010][0000] size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits); imm16 next word, imm8 lower order byte of next word, imm32 two next words

                                                                                                    ANDI,EORI,ORI

0000 0010[1010][0000] 00 111 100; 0000 0000 data(8 bit)                                             ANDI to CCR,EORI to CCR,ORI to CCR

0000 0010[1010][0000] 01 111 100; data(16 bit)                                                      ANDI to SR,EORI to SR,ORI to SR

0000 0110[0100] size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits); imm16 next word, imm8 lower order byte of next word, imm32 two next words

                                                                                                    ADDI,SUBI

0000 1000 01[10][11][00] ea mode register(3,3 bits); 0000 0000 bit number(8 bits)                   BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST

0000 1100 size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits); imm16 next word, imm8 lower order byte of next word, imm32 two next words

                                                                                                    CMPI

0000 Dn reg(3 bits) 101[110][111][100] ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                   BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST

0000 Dn reg(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) 001 address reg(3 bits); 16 bit displacement                     MOVEP

00 size(2 bits) ea dest register mode(3,3 bits) ea source mode register(3,3 bits)                   MOVE

00 size(2 bits) An dest(3 bits) 001 ea source mode register(3,3 bits)                               MOVEA

if( 0000 000 0 ** !111100 )        ORI

if( 0000 000 0 00 111100 )        ORI to CCR

if( 0000 000 0 01 111100 )         ORI to SR

if( 0000 001 0 ** !111100 )        ANDI

if( 0000 001 0 00 111100 )        ANDI to CCR

if( 0000 001 0 01 111100 )         ANDI to SR

if( 0000 010 0 )                SUBI

if( 0000 011 0 )                ADDI

if( 0000 100 0 )                BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST

if( 0000 101 0 ** !111100 )        EORI

if( 0000 101 0 00 111100 )        EORI to CCR

if( 0000 101 0 01 111100 )         EORI to SR

if( 0000 110 0 )                CMPI

if( 0000 *** 1** !001 )            BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST

if( 0000 *** 1** 001 )            MOVEP

if( 00 !00 *** !001 )            MOVE

if( 00 !00 *** 001 )            MOVEA

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

0100     0000                 size(2 bits)     ea mode register(3,3 bits)                           NEGX

0100     0000                 11                 ea dest mode register(3,3 bits)                    MOVE FROM SR

0100     Dn reg(3 bits) 1     10                 ea mode register(3,3 bits)                         CHK

0100     An reg(3 bits) 1     11                 ea mode register(3,3 bits)                         LEA

0100 0010 size(2 bits) ea dest mode register(3,3 bits)                                              CLR

0100 0100 size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                                   NEG

0100 0100 11 ea source mode register(3,3 bits)                                                      MOVE TO CCR

0100 0110 size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                                   NOT

0100 0110 11 ea source mode register(3,3 bits)                                                      MOVE TO SR

0100     1000     00     ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                                 NBCD

0100     1000     01    000 reg(3 bits)                                                             SWAP

0100     1000     01     ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                                 PEA

0100     100     opmode(3 bits) 000 Dn dest(3 bits)                                                 EXT

0100     1 dr(1 bit) 00 1 size(1 bit) ea mode register(3,3 bits); register list mask                MOVEM

0100     1010     size(2 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                           TST

0100     1010     11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                                     TAS

0100     1010     1111     1100                                                                     ILLEGAL

0100     1110    0100    vector(4 bits)                                                             TRAP

0100     1110     0101      0 An reg(3 bits); 16 bit displacement                                   LNK

0100     1110     0101    1 An reg(3 bits)                                                          UNLK

0100     1110    0110     dr(1 bit) An reg(3 bits)                                                  MOVE USP

0100     1110     0111     0000                                                                     RESET

0100     1110     0111      0001                                                                    NOP

0100     1110     0111    0010                                                                      STOP

0100     1110     0111     0011                                                                     RTE

0100     1110     0111     0101                                                                     RTS

0100     1110     0111    0110                                                                      TRAPV

0100     1110     0111     0111                                                                     RTR

0100     1110     10     ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                                 JSR

0100     1110     11     ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                                 JMP

if( 0100 0000 00|01|10 )         NEGX

if( 0100 0000 11 )                 MOVE FROM SR

if( 0100 ***1 10 )                 CHK

if( 0100 ***1 11 )                LEA

if( 0100 0010 )                    CLR

if( 0100 0100 00|01|10 )         NEG

if( 0100 0100 11 )                MOVE TO CCR

if( 0100 0110 00|01|10 )         NOT

if( 0100 0110 11 )                MOVE TO SR

if( 0100 1000 00 )                NBCD

if( 0100 1000 01 000 )            SWAP

if( 0100 1000 01 !000 )            PEA

if( 0100 1000 1* 000 )             EXT

if( 0100 1*00 1* !000 )            MOVEM

if( 0100 1010 00|01|10 )         TST

if( 0100 1010 11 !111100 )        TAS

if( 0100 1010 11 111100 )        ILLEGAL

if( 0100 1110 0100 )            TRAP

if( 0100 1110 0101 0 )            LNK

if( 0100 1110 0101 1 )             ULNK

if( 0100 1110 0110 )            MOVE USP

if( 0100 1110 0111 0000 )         RESET

if( 0100 1110 0111 0001 )         NOP

if( 0100 1110 0111 0010 )         STOP

if( 0100 1110 0111 0011 )         RTE

if( 0100 1110 0111 0101 )         RTS

if( 0100 1110 0111 0110 )         TRAPV

if( 0100 1110 0111 0111 )         RTR

if( 0100 1110 10 )                 JSR

if( 0100 1110 11 )                 JMP

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

0101 data(3 bits) 0[1] size(2 bits) ea mode register (3,3 bits)                                     ADDQ,SUBQ

0101 condition(4 bits) 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                                Scc

0101 condition(4 bits) 11 001 Dn register(3 bits); 16 bit displacement                              DBcc

if( 0101 *** 0 !11 )            ADDQ

if( 0101 *** 1 !11 )            SUBQ

if( 0101 *** * 11 !001 )        Scc

if( 0101 *** * 11 001 )            DBcc

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

0110 0000 disp8(8 bit); 16 bit displacement if disp8 == 0                                           BRA

0110 0001 disp8(8 bit); 16 bit displacement if disp8 == 0                                           BSR

0110 condition(4 bits) disp8(8 bit); 16 bit displacement if disp8 == 0                              Bcc

if( 0110 0000 )                 BRA

if( 0110 0001 )                    BSR

if( 0110 !000 )                    Bcc

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

0111 Dn dest(3 bits) 0 data(8 bits)                                                                 MOVEQ

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

1011 register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                     CMP

1011 Dn source(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                    EOR

1011 Ax dest(3 bits) 1 size(2 bits) 001 Ay source(3 bits)                                           CMPM

1011 register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                     CMPA

if( 1011 *** 000|001|010 )        CMP

if( 1011 *** 100|101|110 001 )    CMPM

if( 1011 *** 100|101|110 !001 )    EOR

if( 1011 *** 011|111 )            CMPA

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

1000 Dn dest(3 bits) 1[0] 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                             DIVS,DIVU

1100[1000] Ry dest(3 bits) 1 0000 R/M Rx source(3 bits)                                             ABCD,SBCD

1100[1000] Dn register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)                            AND,OR

1100 Rx reg(3 bits) 1 opmode(5 bits) Ry reg(3 bits)                                                 EXG

1100 Dn dest(3 bits) 1[0] 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                             MULS,MULU

if( 1000 *** 011 )                DIVU

if( 1000 *** 111 )                DIVS

if( 1000 *** 10000 )            SBCD

if( 1000 *** 000**|001**|010**|10001|10010|10011|101**|110** )                                      OR

if( 1100 *** 011 )                MULU

if( 1100 *** 111 )                MULS

if( 1100 *** 10000 )            ABCD

if( 1100 *** 000**|001**|010**|10001|10010|10011|10101|10110|10111|11001|11010|11011 )              AND

if( 1100 *** 10100|11000 )         EXG

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

1101[1001] register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register (3,3 bits)                              ADD,SUB

1101[1001] register(3 bits) opmode(3 bits) ea mode register(3,3 bits)                               ADDA,SUBA

1101[1001] Ry dest(3 bits) 1 size(2 bits) 00 R/M Rx source(3 bits)                                  ADDX,SUBX

if( 1001 *** 000|001|010|10001|10010|10011|10101|10110|10111|11001|11010|11011 )    SUB

if( 1001 *** 011|111 )                    SUBA

if( 1001 *** 10000|10100|11000 )        SUBX

if( 1101 *** 000|001|010|10001|10010|10011|10101|10110|10111|11001|11010|11011 )    ADD

if( 1101 *** 011|111 )                    ADDA

if( 1101 *** 10000|10100|11000)            ADDX

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

1110 count/register(3 bits) dr(1 bit) size(2 bits) i/r(1 bit) 00[01][11][10] Dn dest(3 bit)         ASL,LSL,ROL,ROXL,ASR,LSR,ROR,ROXR

1110 000[001][011][010] dr(1 bit) 11 ea mode register(3,3 bits)                                     ASL,LSL,ROL,ROXL,ASR,LSR,ROR,ROXR

if( 1110 *** * !11 )             ASL,LSL,ROL,ROXL,ASR,LSR,ROR,ROXR

if( 1110 *** * 11 )             ASL,LSL,ROL,ROXL,ASR,LSR,ROR,ROXR

*******************************************************************************************************************************************

microcode

instruction: XXXX *** XXX

0000 *** 000                ORI,ORI to CCR,ANDI,ANDI to CCR,SUBI,ADDI,BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST,EORI,EORI to CCR,CMPI

0000 *** 001                ORI,ORI to SR,ANDI,ANDI to SR,SUBI,ADDI,BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST,EORI,EORI to SR,CMPI

0000 *** 010                ORI,ANDI,SUBI,ADDI,BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST,EORI,CMPI

0000 *** 011                ORI,ANDI,SUBI,ADDI,BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST,EORI,CMPI

0000 *** 100                BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST,MOVEP

0000 *** 101                BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST,MOVEP

0000 *** 110                BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST,MOVEP

0000 *** 111                BCHG,BCLR,BSET,BTST,MOVEP

0001 *** 000                MOVE

0001 *** 001                MOVEA

0001 *** 010                MOVE

0001 *** 011                MOVE

0001 *** 100                MOVE

0001 *** 101                MOVE

0001 *** 110                MOVE

0001 *** 111                MOVE

0010 *** 000                MOVE

0010 *** 001                MOVEA

0010 *** 010                MOVE

0010 *** 011                MOVE

0010 *** 100                MOVE

0010 *** 101                MOVE