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1 295 hellwig
/*
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 ****************************************************************************
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 *
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 *                   "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
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 *                   -----------------------------
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 *
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 *  Version:    C, Version 2.1
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 *
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 *  File:       dhry.h (part 1 of 3)
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 *
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 *  Date:       May 25, 1988
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 *
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 *  Author:     Reinhold P. Weicker
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 *                      Siemens AG, AUT E 51
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 *                      Postfach 3220
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 *                      8520 Erlangen
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 *                      Germany (West)
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 *                              Phone:  [+49]-9131-7-20330
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 *                                      (8-17 Central European Time)
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 *                              Usenet: ..!mcsun!unido!estevax!weicker
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 *
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 *              Original Version (in Ada) published in
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 *              "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984),
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 *              pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics
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 *              on which the distribution of statements etc. is based.
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 *
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 *              In this C version, the following C library functions are used:
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 *              - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop)
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 *              - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop)
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 *              In addition, Berkeley UNIX system calls "times ()" or "time ()"
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 *              are used for execution time measurement. For measurements
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 *              on other systems, these calls have to be changed.
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 *
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 *  Collection of Results:
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 *              Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and
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 *
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 *              Rick Richardson
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 *              PC Research. Inc.
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 *              94 Apple Orchard Drive
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 *              Tinton Falls, NJ 07724
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 *                      Phone:  (201) 389-8963 (9-17 EST)
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 *                      Usenet: ...!uunet!pcrat!rick
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 *
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 *      Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.
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 *      Complete information should be given on hardware and software used.
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 *      Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and size
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 *      of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed
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 *      (number of wait states).
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 *      Software information includes: Compiler (and runtime library)
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 *      manufacturer and version, compilation switches, OS version.
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 *      The Operating System version may give an indication about the
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 *      compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS calls in the measurement loop.
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 *
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 *      The complete output generated by the program should be mailed
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 *      such that at least some checks for correctness can be made.
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 *
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 ***************************************************************************
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 *
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 *  History:    This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:
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 *
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 *              1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of
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 *              Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system
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 *              programming language for the class of processors
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 *              (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used most.
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 *              There should be, as far as possible, only one C version of
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 *              Dhrystone such that results can be compared without
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 *              restrictions. In the past, the C versions distributed
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 *              by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by Reinhold Weicker
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 *              had small (though not significant) differences.
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 *
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 *              2) As far as it is possible without changes to the Dhrystone
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 *              statistics, optimizing compilers should be prevented from
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 *              removing significant statements.
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 *
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 *              This C version has been developed in cooperation with
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 *              Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many
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 *              ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by
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 *              him over the UNIX network Usenet.
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 *              I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor),
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 *              David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS),
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 *              Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley)
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 *              for their help with comments on earlier versions of the
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 *              benchmark.
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 *
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 *  Changes:    In the initialization part, this version follows mostly
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 *              Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the
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 *              version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold Weicker.
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 *              As a concession to older compilers, names have been made
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 *              unique within the first 8 characters.
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 *              Inside the measurement loop, this version follows the
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 *              version previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker.
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 *
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 *              At several places in the benchmark, code has been added,
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 *              but within the measurement loop only in branches that
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 *              are not executed. The intention is that optimizing compilers
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 *              should be prevented from moving code out of the measurement
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 *              loop, or from removing code altogether. Since the statements
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 *              that are executed within the measurement loop have NOT been
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 *              changed, the numbers defining the "Dhrystone distribution"
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 *              (distribution of statements, operand types and locality)
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 *              still hold. Except for sophisticated optimizing compilers,
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 *              execution times for this version should be the same as
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 *              for previous versions.
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 *
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 *              Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the
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 *              measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check
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 *              has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have
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 *              an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution
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 *              statistics which have been updated for this version.
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 *
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 *              All changes within the measurement loop are described
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 *              and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for
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 *              Dhrystone version 2".
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 *
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 *              Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and
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 *              distribution of the executed statements should not be
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 *              changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers
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 *              may not generate code for some statements. To a certain
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 *              degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic benchmarks.
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 *              Users of the benchmark are advised to check code listings
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 *              whether code is generated for all statements of Dhrystone.
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 *
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 *              Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via
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 *              the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it corrects
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 *              some minor deficiencies that were found by users of version 2.0.
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 *              The only change within the measurement loop is that a
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 *              non-executed "else" part was added to the "if" statement in
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 *              Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part removed from Proc_3.
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 *
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 ***************************************************************************
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 *
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 * Defines:     The following "Defines" are possible:
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 *              -DREG=register          (default: Not defined)
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 *                      As an approximation to what an average C programmer
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 *                      might do, the "register" storage class is applied
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 *                      (if enabled by -DREG=register)
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 *                      - for local variables, if they are used (dynamically)
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 *                        five or more times
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 *                      - for parameters if they are used (dynamically)
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 *                        six or more times
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 *                      Note that an optimal "register" strategy is
142
 *                      compiler-dependent, and that "register" declarations
143
 *                      do not necessarily lead to faster execution.
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 *              -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN        (default: Not defined)
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 *                      Define if the C compiler does not support
146
 *                      assignment of structures.
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 *              -DNOENUMS               (default: Not defined)
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 *                      Define if the C compiler does not support
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 *                      enumeration types.
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 *              -DTIMES                 (default)
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 *              -DTIME
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 *                      The "times" function of UNIX (returning process times)
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 *                      or the "time" function (returning wallclock time)
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 *                      is used for measurement.
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 *                      For single user machines, "time ()" is adequate. For
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 *                      multi-user machines where you cannot get single-user
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 *                      access, use the "times ()" function. If you have
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 *                      neither, use a stopwatch in the dead of night.
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 *                      "printf"s are provided marking the points "Start Timer"
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 *                      and "Stop Timer". DO NOT use the UNIX "time(1)"
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 *                      command, as this will measure the total time to
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 *                      run this program, which will (erroneously) include
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 *                      the time to allocate storage (malloc) and to perform
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 *                      the initialization.
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 *              -DHZ=nnn
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 *                      In Berkeley UNIX, the function "times" returns process
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 *                      time in 1/HZ seconds, with HZ = 60 for most systems.
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 *                      CHECK YOUR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION BEFORE YOU JUST APPLY
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 *                      A VALUE.
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 *
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 ***************************************************************************
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 *
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 *  Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT):
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 *
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 *  This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files:
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 *  - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
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 *  - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
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 *  - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
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 *
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 *  The following "ground rules" apply for measurements:
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 *  - Separate compilation
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 *  - No procedure merging
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 *  - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be indicated
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 *  - Default results are those without register declarations
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 *  See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more
186
 *  detailed discussion of these ground rules.
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 *
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 *  For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation
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 *  models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible,
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 *  together with a definition of these models for the compiler system used.
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 *
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 **************************************************************************
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 *
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 *  Dhrystone (C version) statistics:
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 *
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 *  [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2.
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 *   Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly
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 *   different from the Ada version.]
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 *
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 *  The following program contains statements of a high level programming
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 *  language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative:
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 *
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 *    assignments                  52 (51.0 %)
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 *    control statements           33 (32.4 %)
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 *    procedure, function calls    17 (16.7 %)
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 *
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 *  103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with
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 *  respect to the three aspects:
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 *
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 *    - statement type
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 *    - operand type
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 *    - operand locality
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 *         operand global, local, parameter, or constant.
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 *
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 *  The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately.
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 *
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 *  1. Statement Type:
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 *  -----------------             number
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 *
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 *     V1 = V2                     9
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 *       (incl. V1 = F(..)
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 *     V = Constant               12
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 *     Assignment,                 7
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 *       with array element
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 *     Assignment,                 6
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 *       with record component
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 *                                --
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 *                                34       34
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 *
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 *     X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z        5
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 *     X = Y +|-|"==" Constant     6
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 *     X = X +|- 1                 3
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 *     X = Y *|/ Z                 2
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 *     X = Expression,             1
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 *           two operators
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 *     X = Expression,             1
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 *           three operators
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 *                                --
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 *                                18       18
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 *
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 *     if ....                    14
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 *       with "else"      7
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 *       without "else"   7
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 *           executed        3
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 *           not executed    4
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 *     for ...                     7  |  counted every time
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 *     while ...                   4  |  the loop condition
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 *     do ... while                1  |  is evaluated
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 *     switch ...                  1
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 *     break                       1
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 *     declaration with            1
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 *       initialization
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 *                                --
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 *                                34       34
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 *
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 *     P (...)  procedure call    11
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 *       user procedure      10
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 *       library procedure    1
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 *     X = F (...)
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 *             function  call      6
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 *       user function        5
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 *       library function     1
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 *                                --
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 *                                17       17
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 *                                        ---
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 *                                        103
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 *
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 *    The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls
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 *    is 1.82 (not counting the function values as implicit parameters).
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 *
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 *
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 *  2. Operators
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 *  ------------
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 *                          number    approximate
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 *                                    percentage
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 *
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 *    Arithmetic             32          50.8
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 *
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 *       +                     21          33.3
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 *       -                      7          11.1
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 *       *                      3           4.8
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 *       / (int div)            1           1.6
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 *
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 *    Comparison             27           42.8
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 *
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 *       ==                     9           14.3
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 *       /=                     4            6.3
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 *       >                      1            1.6
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 *       <                      3            4.8
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 *       >=                     1            1.6
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 *       <=                     9           14.3
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 *
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 *    Logic                   4            6.3
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 *
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 *       && (AND-THEN)          1            1.6
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 *       |  (OR)                1            1.6
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 *       !  (NOT)               2            3.2
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 *
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 *                           --          -----
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 *                           63          100.1
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 *
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 *
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 *  3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference):
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 *  ---------------
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 *                          number    approximate
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 *                                    percentage
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 *
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 *     Integer               175        72.3 %
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 *     Character              45        18.6 %
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 *     Pointer                12         5.0 %
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 *     String30                6         2.5 %
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 *     Array                   2         0.8 %
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 *     Record                  2         0.8 %
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 *                           ---       -------
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 *                           242       100.0 %
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 *
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 *  When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a record
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 *  component), only the final data type on the access path is counted.
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 *
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 *
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 *  4. Operand Locality:
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 *  -------------------
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 *                                number    approximate
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 *                                          percentage
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 *
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 *     local variable              114        47.1 %
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 *     global variable              22         9.1 %
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 *     parameter                    45        18.6 %
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 *        value                        23         9.5 %
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 *        reference                    22         9.1 %
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 *     function result               6         2.5 %
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 *     constant                     55        22.7 %
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 *                                 ---       -------
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 *                                 242       100.0 %
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 *
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 *
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 *  The program does not compute anything meaningful, but it is syntactically
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 *  and semantically correct. All variables have a value assigned to them
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 *  before they are used as a source operand.
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 *
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 *  There has been no explicit effort to account for the effects of a
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 *  cache, or to balance the use of long or short displacements for code or
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 *  data.
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 *
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 ***************************************************************************
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 */
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/* Compiler and system dependent definitions: */
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#ifndef TIME
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#define TIMES
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#endif
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                /* Use times(2) time function unless    */
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                /* explicitly defined otherwise         */
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#ifdef TIMES
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#ifndef STANDALONE
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <sys/times.h>
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                /* for "times" */
361
#endif
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#endif
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#define Mic_secs_Per_Second     1000000.0
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                /* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */
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367
#ifdef  NOSTRUCTASSIGN
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#define structassign(d, s)      memcpy(&(d), &(s), sizeof(d))
369
#else
370
#define structassign(d, s)      d = s
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#endif
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373
#ifdef  NOENUM
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#define Ident_1 0
375
#define Ident_2 1
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#define Ident_3 2
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#define Ident_4 3
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#define Ident_5 4
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  typedef int   Enumeration;
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#else
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  typedef       enum    {Ident_1, Ident_2, Ident_3, Ident_4, Ident_5}
382
                Enumeration;
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#endif
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        /* for boolean and enumeration types in Ada, Pascal */
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386
/* General definitions: */
387
 
388
#define Null 0 
389
                /* Value of a Null pointer */
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#define true  1
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#define false 0
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393
typedef int     One_Thirty;
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typedef int     One_Fifty;
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typedef char    Capital_Letter;
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typedef int     Boolean;
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typedef char    Str_30 [31];
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typedef int     Arr_1_Dim [50];
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typedef int     Arr_2_Dim [50] [50];
400
 
401
typedef struct record
402
    {
403
    struct record *Ptr_Comp;
404
    Enumeration    Discr;
405
    union {
406
          struct {
407
                  Enumeration Enum_Comp;
408
                  int         Int_Comp;
409
                  char        Str_Comp [31];
410
                  } var_1;
411
          struct {
412
                  Enumeration E_Comp_2;
413
                  char        Str_2_Comp [31];
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                  } var_2;
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          struct {
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                  char        Ch_1_Comp;
417
                  char        Ch_2_Comp;
418
                  } var_3;
419
          } variant;
420
      } Rec_Type, *Rec_Pointer;
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422
/* function prototypes */
423
 
424
Enumeration     Func_1(Capital_Letter Ch_1_Par_Val,
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                       Capital_Letter Ch_2_Par_Val);
426
Boolean         Func_2(Str_30 Str_1_Par_Ref,
427
                       Str_30 Str_2_Par_Ref);
428
Boolean         Func_3(Enumeration Enum_Par_Val);
429
 
430
void Proc_1 (Rec_Pointer Ptr_Val_Par);
431
void Proc_2 (One_Fifty *Int_Par_Ref);
432
void Proc_3 (Rec_Pointer *Ptr_Ref_Par);
433
void Proc_4 (void);
434
void Proc_5 (void);
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void Proc_6 (Enumeration Enum_Val_Par,
436
             Enumeration *Enum_Ref_Par);
437
void Proc_7 (One_Fifty Int_1_Par_Val,
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             One_Fifty Int_2_Par_Val,
439
             One_Fifty *Int_Par_Ref);
440
void Proc_8 (Arr_1_Dim Arr_1_Par_Ref,
441
             Arr_2_Dim Arr_2_Par_Ref,
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             int Int_1_Par_Val,
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             int Int_2_Par_Val);

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