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[/] [forwardcom/] [trunk/] [uart_and_fifo.sv] - Blame information for rev 148

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//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Engineer: Agner Fog
//
// Create date:    2020-11-01
// Last modified:  2021-07-02
// Module name:    uart_and_fifo
// Project name:   ForwardCom soft core
// Tool versions:  Vivado 2020.1
// License:        CERN-OHL-W v. 2 or later
// Description:    UART: RS232 serial interface
// 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
// Description:    fifo_buffer: First-in-first-out byte queue.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
// CLOCK_FREQUENCY and BAUD_RATE defined in defines.vh:
`include "defines.vh"
 
// UART receiver
module UART_RX (
    input            reset,                      // clear buffer, reset everything
    input            clock,                      // clock at `CLOCK_RATE
    input            rx_in,                      // RX input
    output reg       receive_complete_out,       // byte received. Will be high for 1 clock cycle after the middle of the stop bit
    output reg       error_out,                  // transmission error. Remains high until reset in case of error
    output reg [7:0] byte_out                    // byte output
);
 
// clock count per bit
localparam CLKS_PER_BIT = `CLOCK_FREQUENCY / `BAUD_RATE;
 
// state names
localparam STATE_IDLE      = 4'b0000;            // wait for start bit
localparam STATE_START_BIT = 4'b0001;            // start bit detected
localparam STATE_DATA_0    = 4'b1000;            // read first data bit
localparam STATE_DATA_7    = 4'b1111;            // read last data bit
localparam STATE_STOP_BIT  = 4'b0010;            // read stop bit
 
reg [$clog2(CLKS_PER_BIT)-1:0] clock_counter;    // clock counter for length of one bit
reg [3:0] state;  // state
 
 
// state machine for UART receiver
always_ff @(posedge clock) begin
 
    if (reset) begin
        // reset everything
        state <= STATE_IDLE;
        receive_complete_out <= 0;
        error_out <= 0;
        clock_counter <= 0;
        byte_out <= 0;
 
    end else if (state == STATE_IDLE) begin
        // wait for start bit
        receive_complete_out <= 0;
        clock_counter <= 0;
        if (rx_in == 0) begin                    // Start bit detected
            state <= STATE_START_BIT;
        end
 
    end else if (state == STATE_START_BIT) begin
        // start bit detected. wait until middle of start bit
        if (clock_counter == CLKS_PER_BIT / 2) begin // middle of start bit
            if (rx_in == 0) begin
                clock_counter <= 0;              // reset counter to the middle of the start bit
                state     <= STATE_DATA_0;
            end else begin
                error_out <= 1;                  // error. start bit shorter than a half period. possibly wrong BAUD rate
                state <= STATE_IDLE;
            end
        end else begin
            clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;  // count time until next bit
        end
 
    end else if (state[3]) begin                 // this covers STATE_DATA_0 ... STATE_DATA_7
        // read eight data bits
 
        if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin
            clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;  // count time until next bit
        end else begin                           // middle of data bit. sample bit and go to next state
            clock_counter        <= 0;
            byte_out[state[2:0]] <= rx_in;       // save data bit
            if (state == STATE_DATA_7) state <= STATE_STOP_BIT; // next state is stop bit
            else state <= state + 1;                            // next data bit
        end
 
    end else if (state == STATE_STOP_BIT) begin
        // expecting stop bit
        if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin
            clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;  // count time until stop bit
        end else begin                           // middle of stop bit
            if (rx_in == 0) begin                // error: stop bit missing
                error_out <= 1;
                state <= STATE_IDLE;
            end else begin
                receive_complete_out <= 1;       // byte received successfully
                clock_counter <= 0;
                // We are in the middle of the stop bit.
                // Go to state IDLE while waiting for a possible next start bit.
                // This is expected to last a half period
                state <= STATE_IDLE;
            end
        end
    end else begin
        // Error. undefined state
        error_out <= 1;
        state <= STATE_IDLE;
    end
end
endmodule // UART_RX
 
 
// UART transmitter
module UART_TX (
   input       reset,                            // reset
   input       clock,                            // clock at `CLOCK_RATE
   input       start_in,                         // command to send one byte
   input [7:0] byte_in,                          // byte input
   output reg  active_out,                       // is busy
   output reg  tx_out,                           // TX output
   output reg  done_out                          // will be high for one clock cycle shortly before the end of the stop bit
   );                                            // You may use done_out as a signal to prepare the next byte
 
// clock count per bit
localparam CLKS_PER_BIT = `CLOCK_FREQUENCY / `BAUD_RATE;
 
// state names
localparam STATE_IDLE      = 4'b0000;            // wait for start bit
localparam STATE_START_BIT = 4'b0001;            // start bit detected
localparam STATE_DATA_0    = 4'b1000;            // read first data bit
localparam STATE_DATA_7    = 4'b1111;            // read last data bit
localparam STATE_STOP_BIT  = 4'b0010;            // read stop bit
 
reg [3:0] state;                                 // state
reg [$clog2(CLKS_PER_BIT)-1:0] clock_counter;    // clock counter for length of one bit
reg [7:0] byte_data;                             // copy of byte to transmit
 
 
// state machine
always_ff @(posedge clock) begin
    if (reset) begin
        // reset everything
        state <= STATE_IDLE;
        clock_counter <= 0;
        active_out    <= 0;
        done_out      <= 0;
        tx_out        <= 1;                      // output must be high when idle
 
    end else if (state == STATE_IDLE) begin
        clock_counter <= 0;
        done_out      <= 0;
        tx_out        <= 1;                      // output must be high when idle
        if (start_in) begin                      // start sending a byte
            active_out <= 1;
            byte_data  <= byte_in;               // copy input byte
            state <= STATE_START_BIT;
        end
 
    end else if (state == STATE_START_BIT) begin
        // start bit must be 0
        tx_out <= 0;
 
        // Wait for start bit to finish
        if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin
            clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;
        end else begin
            clock_counter <= 0;
            state <= STATE_DATA_0;               // go to first data bit
        end
 
    end else if (state[3]) begin                 // this covers STATE_DATA_0 ... STATE_DATA_7
        // write eight data bits
        tx_out <= byte_data[state[2:0]];         // send one data bit
 
        // Wait for data bit to finish
        if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin
            clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;
        end else begin
            clock_counter <= 0;
            if (state == STATE_DATA_7) state <= STATE_STOP_BIT; // next bit is stop bit
            else state <= state + 1;                            // next bit is data bit
        end
 
    end else if (state == STATE_STOP_BIT) begin
        // send stop bit
        tx_out <= 1;                             // stop bit must be 1
 
        // send request for next byte shortly before finished with this byte
        if (clock_counter == CLKS_PER_BIT-4) begin
            done_out <= 1;                       // set done_out high for one clock cycle to request next byte from buffer
        end else begin
            done_out <= 0;
        end
 
        // Wait for stop bit to finish
        if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin
            clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;
        end else begin
            clock_counter <= 0;
            begin
                active_out <= 0;
                state      <= STATE_IDLE;        // wait at least one clock for next start_in signal
            end
        end
 
    end else begin
        // illegal state. reset
        state <= STATE_IDLE;
        clock_counter <= 0;
        active_out <= 0;
        done_out <= 0;
        tx_out   <= 1;
    end
end
 
 
endmodule
 
 
/******************************************************************************
* First-in-first-out byte queue.
*
* This queue is implemented as a circular buffer.
* The size can be any power of 2.
* It may be implemented as distributed RAM or block RAM if the size is large.
* (Vivado does this automatically)
* It is possible to read and write simultaneously as long as the queue is not
* empty. It is not possible to pass a byte directly from input to output without
* a delay of two clocks if the buffer is empty.
* The input, byte_in, is placed at the tail of the queue at the rising edge of clock.
* The output, byte_out, is prefetched so that it is ready to read before the
* clock edge. The read_next input signal will remove one byte from the head of
* the queue and put the next byte into byte_out.
* The data_ready_out output tells if it is possible to read a byte
******************************************************************************/
 
module fifo_buffer
#(parameter size_log2 = 10)                      // buffer size = 2**size_log2 bytes
(
    input            reset,                      // clear buffer and reset error condition
    input            reset_error,                // reset error condition
    input            clock,                      // clock at `CLOCK_RATE
    input            read_next,                  // read next byte from buffer
    input            write,                      // write one byte to buffer
    input  [7:0]     byte_in,                    // serial byte input
    output reg [7:0] byte_out,                   // serial byte output prefetched
    output reg       data_ready_out,             // the buffer contains at least one byte
    output reg       overflow,                   // attempt to write to full buffer
    output reg       underflow,                  // attempt to read from empty buffer
    output reg [size_log2-1:0] num               // number of bytes currently in buffer
);
 
reg [7:0] buffer[0 : (2**size_log2)-1];          // circular buffer
reg [size_log2-1:0] head;                        // pointer to head position where bytes are extracted
reg [size_log2-1:0] tail;                        // pointer to tail position where bytes are inserted
 
logic [size_log2-1:0] head_plus_1;               // (head + 1) modulo 2**(size_log2)
 
 
always_ff @(posedge clock) begin
 
    if (reset) begin
        // clear buffer, reset everything
        head <= 0;
        tail <= 0;
        byte_out <= 0;
        num <= 0;
        data_ready_out <= 0;
        overflow <= 0;
        underflow <= 0;
    end else if (reset_error) begin
        // reset error flags
        overflow <= 0;
        underflow <= 0;
    end else begin
        if (write) begin
            // insert a byte in buffer
            if (&num) begin
                // buffer is full
                overflow <= 1;
            end else begin
                // buffer is not full
                buffer[tail] <= byte_in;         // insert at tail position
 
                // advance tail
                tail <= tail + 1;                // this will wrap around because size is a power of 2
                // count bytes in buffer
                if (!read_next) begin
                    num <= num + 1;
                end
            end
        end
 
        // make output ready
        if (num == 0 || read_next && num == 1) begin
            byte_out <= 0;
            data_ready_out <= 0;
        end else if (read_next) begin
            byte_out <= buffer[head_plus_1];     // read byte and make next byte ready from head position
            data_ready_out <= 1;
        end else begin
            byte_out <= buffer[head];            // make byte read ready from head position
            data_ready_out <= 1;
        end
 
        if (read_next) begin
            // read a byte from buffer
            if (~data_ready_out) begin           // reading from empty buffer
                underflow <= 1;
            end else begin
                // advance head
                head <= head_plus_1;             // this will wrap around because size is a power of 2
                // count bytes in buffer
                if (!write) begin
                    num <= num - 1;
                end
            end
        end
    end
end
 
 
always_comb begin
    head_plus_1 = head + 1;                      // (head + 1) with size_log2 bits
end
 
endmodule

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[/] [forwardcom/] [trunk/] [uart_and_fifo.sv] - Blame information for rev 148

Line No.	Rev	Author	Line
1	11	Agner	`//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////`
2			`// Engineer: Agner Fog`
3			`//`
4			`// Create date: 2020-11-01`
5			`// Last modified: 2021-07-02`
6			`// Module name: uart_and_fifo`
7			`// Project name: ForwardCom soft core`
8			`// Tool versions: Vivado 2020.1`
9			`// License: CERN-OHL-W v. 2 or later`
10			`// Description: UART: RS232 serial interface`
11			`// 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity`
12			`// Description: fifo_buffer: First-in-first-out byte queue.`
13			`//`
14			`//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////`
15
16			`// CLOCK_FREQUENCY and BAUD_RATE defined in defines.vh:`
17			`include "defines.vh"
18
19			`// UART receiver`
20			`module UART_RX (`
21			`input reset, // clear buffer, reset everything`
22			input clock, // clock at `CLOCK_RATE
23			`input rx_in, // RX input`
24			`output reg receive_complete_out, // byte received. Will be high for 1 clock cycle after the middle of the stop bit`
25			`output reg error_out, // transmission error. Remains high until reset in case of error`
26			`output reg [7:0] byte_out // byte output`
27			`);`
28
29			`// clock count per bit`
30			localparam CLKS_PER_BIT = `CLOCK_FREQUENCY / `BAUD_RATE;
31
32			`// state names`
33			`localparam STATE_IDLE = 4'b0000; // wait for start bit`
34			`localparam STATE_START_BIT = 4'b0001; // start bit detected`
35			`localparam STATE_DATA_0 = 4'b1000; // read first data bit`
36			`localparam STATE_DATA_7 = 4'b1111; // read last data bit`
37			`localparam STATE_STOP_BIT = 4'b0010; // read stop bit`
38
39			`reg [$clog2(CLKS_PER_BIT)-1:0] clock_counter; // clock counter for length of one bit`
40			`reg [3:0] state; // state`
41
42
43			`// state machine for UART receiver`
44			`always_ff @(posedge clock) begin`
45
46			`if (reset) begin`
47			`// reset everything`
48			`state <= STATE_IDLE;`
49			`receive_complete_out <= 0;`
50			`error_out <= 0;`
51			`clock_counter <= 0;`
52			`byte_out <= 0;`
53
54			`end else if (state == STATE_IDLE) begin`
55			`// wait for start bit`
56			`receive_complete_out <= 0;`
57			`clock_counter <= 0;`
58			`if (rx_in == 0) begin // Start bit detected`
59			`state <= STATE_START_BIT;`
60			`end`
61
62			`end else if (state == STATE_START_BIT) begin`
63			`// start bit detected. wait until middle of start bit`
64			`if (clock_counter == CLKS_PER_BIT / 2) begin // middle of start bit`
65			`if (rx_in == 0) begin`
66			`clock_counter <= 0; // reset counter to the middle of the start bit`
67			`state <= STATE_DATA_0;`
68			`end else begin`
69			`error_out <= 1; // error. start bit shorter than a half period. possibly wrong BAUD rate`
70			`state <= STATE_IDLE;`
71			`end`
72			`end else begin`
73			`clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1; // count time until next bit`
74			`end`
75
76			`end else if (state[3]) begin // this covers STATE_DATA_0 ... STATE_DATA_7`
77			`// read eight data bits`
78
79			`if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin`
80			`clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1; // count time until next bit`
81			`end else begin // middle of data bit. sample bit and go to next state`
82			`clock_counter <= 0;`
83			`byte_out[state[2:0]] <= rx_in; // save data bit`
84			`if (state == STATE_DATA_7) state <= STATE_STOP_BIT; // next state is stop bit`
85			`else state <= state + 1; // next data bit`
86			`end`
87
88			`end else if (state == STATE_STOP_BIT) begin`
89			`// expecting stop bit`
90			`if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin`
91			`clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1; // count time until stop bit`
92			`end else begin // middle of stop bit`
93			`if (rx_in == 0) begin // error: stop bit missing`
94			`error_out <= 1;`
95			`state <= STATE_IDLE;`
96			`end else begin`
97			`receive_complete_out <= 1; // byte received successfully`
98			`clock_counter <= 0;`
99			`// We are in the middle of the stop bit.`
100			`// Go to state IDLE while waiting for a possible next start bit.`
101			`// This is expected to last a half period`
102			`state <= STATE_IDLE;`
103			`end`
104			`end`
105			`end else begin`
106			`// Error. undefined state`
107			`error_out <= 1;`
108			`state <= STATE_IDLE;`
109			`end`
110			`end`
111			`endmodule // UART_RX`
112
113
114			`// UART transmitter`
115			`module UART_TX (`
116			`input reset, // reset`
117			input clock, // clock at `CLOCK_RATE
118			`input start_in, // command to send one byte`
119			`input [7:0] byte_in, // byte input`
120			`output reg active_out, // is busy`
121			`output reg tx_out, // TX output`
122			`output reg done_out // will be high for one clock cycle shortly before the end of the stop bit`
123			`); // You may use done_out as a signal to prepare the next byte`
124
125			`// clock count per bit`
126			localparam CLKS_PER_BIT = `CLOCK_FREQUENCY / `BAUD_RATE;
127
128			`// state names`
129			`localparam STATE_IDLE = 4'b0000; // wait for start bit`
130			`localparam STATE_START_BIT = 4'b0001; // start bit detected`
131			`localparam STATE_DATA_0 = 4'b1000; // read first data bit`
132			`localparam STATE_DATA_7 = 4'b1111; // read last data bit`
133			`localparam STATE_STOP_BIT = 4'b0010; // read stop bit`
134
135			`reg [3:0] state; // state`
136			`reg [$clog2(CLKS_PER_BIT)-1:0] clock_counter; // clock counter for length of one bit`
137			`reg [7:0] byte_data; // copy of byte to transmit`
138
139
140			`// state machine`
141			`always_ff @(posedge clock) begin`
142			`if (reset) begin`
143			`// reset everything`
144			`state <= STATE_IDLE;`
145			`clock_counter <= 0;`
146			`active_out <= 0;`
147			`done_out <= 0;`
148			`tx_out <= 1; // output must be high when idle`
149
150			`end else if (state == STATE_IDLE) begin`
151			`clock_counter <= 0;`
152			`done_out <= 0;`
153			`tx_out <= 1; // output must be high when idle`
154			`if (start_in) begin // start sending a byte`
155			`active_out <= 1;`
156			`byte_data <= byte_in; // copy input byte`
157			`state <= STATE_START_BIT;`
158			`end`
159
160			`end else if (state == STATE_START_BIT) begin`
161			`// start bit must be 0`
162			`tx_out <= 0;`
163
164			`// Wait for start bit to finish`
165			`if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin`
166			`clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;`
167			`end else begin`
168			`clock_counter <= 0;`
169			`state <= STATE_DATA_0; // go to first data bit`
170			`end`
171
172			`end else if (state[3]) begin // this covers STATE_DATA_0 ... STATE_DATA_7`
173			`// write eight data bits`
174			`tx_out <= byte_data[state[2:0]]; // send one data bit`
175
176			`// Wait for data bit to finish`
177			`if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin`
178			`clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;`
179			`end else begin`
180			`clock_counter <= 0;`
181			`if (state == STATE_DATA_7) state <= STATE_STOP_BIT; // next bit is stop bit`
182			`else state <= state + 1; // next bit is data bit`
183			`end`
184
185			`end else if (state == STATE_STOP_BIT) begin`
186			`// send stop bit`
187			`tx_out <= 1; // stop bit must be 1`
188
189			`// send request for next byte shortly before finished with this byte`
190			`if (clock_counter == CLKS_PER_BIT-4) begin`
191			`done_out <= 1; // set done_out high for one clock cycle to request next byte from buffer`
192			`end else begin`
193			`done_out <= 0;`
194			`end`
195
196			`// Wait for stop bit to finish`
197			`if (clock_counter < CLKS_PER_BIT-1) begin`
198			`clock_counter <= clock_counter + 1;`
199			`end else begin`
200			`clock_counter <= 0;`
201			`begin`
202			`active_out <= 0;`
203			`state <= STATE_IDLE; // wait at least one clock for next start_in signal`
204			`end`
205			`end`
206
207			`end else begin`
208			`// illegal state. reset`
209			`state <= STATE_IDLE;`
210			`clock_counter <= 0;`
211			`active_out <= 0;`
212			`done_out <= 0;`
213			`tx_out <= 1;`
214			`end`
215			`end`
216
217
218			`endmodule`
219
220
221			`/******************************************************************************`
222			`* First-in-first-out byte queue.`
223			`*`
224			`* This queue is implemented as a circular buffer.`
225			`* The size can be any power of 2.`
226			`* It may be implemented as distributed RAM or block RAM if the size is large.`
227			`* (Vivado does this automatically)`
228			`* It is possible to read and write simultaneously as long as the queue is not`
229			`* empty. It is not possible to pass a byte directly from input to output without`
230			`* a delay of two clocks if the buffer is empty.`
231			`* The input, byte_in, is placed at the tail of the queue at the rising edge of clock.`
232			`* The output, byte_out, is prefetched so that it is ready to read before the`
233			`* clock edge. The read_next input signal will remove one byte from the head of`
234			`* the queue and put the next byte into byte_out.`
235			`* The data_ready_out output tells if it is possible to read a byte`
236			`******************************************************************************/`
237
238			`module fifo_buffer`
239			`#(parameter size_log2 = 10) // buffer size = 2**size_log2 bytes`
240			`(`
241			`input reset, // clear buffer and reset error condition`
242			`input reset_error, // reset error condition`
243			input clock, // clock at `CLOCK_RATE
244			`input read_next, // read next byte from buffer`
245			`input write, // write one byte to buffer`
246			`input [7:0] byte_in, // serial byte input`
247			`output reg [7:0] byte_out, // serial byte output prefetched`
248			`output reg data_ready_out, // the buffer contains at least one byte`
249			`output reg overflow, // attempt to write to full buffer`
250			`output reg underflow, // attempt to read from empty buffer`
251			`output reg [size_log2-1:0] num // number of bytes currently in buffer`
252			`);`
253
254			`reg [7:0] buffer[0 : (2**size_log2)-1]; // circular buffer`
255			`reg [size_log2-1:0] head; // pointer to head position where bytes are extracted`
256			`reg [size_log2-1:0] tail; // pointer to tail position where bytes are inserted`
257
258			`logic [size_log2-1:0] head_plus_1; // (head + 1) modulo 2**(size_log2)`
259
260
261			`always_ff @(posedge clock) begin`
262
263			`if (reset) begin`
264			`// clear buffer, reset everything`
265			`head <= 0;`
266			`tail <= 0;`
267			`byte_out <= 0;`
268			`num <= 0;`
269			`data_ready_out <= 0;`
270			`overflow <= 0;`
271			`underflow <= 0;`
272			`end else if (reset_error) begin`
273			`// reset error flags`
274			`overflow <= 0;`
275			`underflow <= 0;`
276			`end else begin`
277			`if (write) begin`
278			`// insert a byte in buffer`
279			`if (&num) begin`
280			`// buffer is full`
281			`overflow <= 1;`
282			`end else begin`
283			`// buffer is not full`
284			`buffer[tail] <= byte_in; // insert at tail position`
285
286			`// advance tail`
287			`tail <= tail + 1; // this will wrap around because size is a power of 2`
288			`// count bytes in buffer`
289			`if (!read_next) begin`
290			`num <= num + 1;`
291			`end`
292			`end`
293			`end`
294
295			`// make output ready`
296			`if (num == 0 \|\| read_next && num == 1) begin`
297			`byte_out <= 0;`
298			`data_ready_out <= 0;`
299			`end else if (read_next) begin`
300			`byte_out <= buffer[head_plus_1]; // read byte and make next byte ready from head position`
301			`data_ready_out <= 1;`
302			`end else begin`
303			`byte_out <= buffer[head]; // make byte read ready from head position`
304			`data_ready_out <= 1;`
305			`end`
306
307			`if (read_next) begin`
308			`// read a byte from buffer`
309			`if (~data_ready_out) begin // reading from empty buffer`
310			`underflow <= 1;`
311			`end else begin`
312			`// advance head`
313			`head <= head_plus_1; // this will wrap around because size is a power of 2`
314			`// count bytes in buffer`
315			`if (!write) begin`
316			`num <= num - 1;`
317			`end`
318			`end`
319			`end`
320			`end`
321			`end`
322
323
324			`always_comb begin`
325			`head_plus_1 = head + 1; // (head + 1) with size_log2 bits`
326			`end`
327
328			`endmodule`