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<H1>GNU General Public License</H1>
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<P>
33
<UL>
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  <LI><A HREF="/licenses/gpl-violation.html"><EM>What to do if you see a
35
       possible GPL violation</EM></A>
36
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37
       of the GPL</EM></A>
38
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39
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40
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45
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49
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52
 
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<H2>Table of Contents</H2>
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<UL>
55
 
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  <LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="gpl.html#SEC1">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A>
57
<UL>
58
<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="gpl.html#SEC2">Preamble</A>
59
<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="gpl.html#SEC3">TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</A>
60
<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="gpl.html#SEC4">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</A>
61
 
62
</UL>
63
</UL>
64
 
65
<P>
66
 
67
<HR>
68
 
69
<P>
70
 
71
 
72
 
73
<H2><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="gpl.html#TOC1">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2>
74
<P>
75
Version 2, June 1991
76
 
77
</P>
78
 
79
<PRE>
80
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
81
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
82
 
83
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
84
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
85
</PRE>
86
 
87
 
88
 
89
<H2><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="gpl.html#TOC2">Preamble</A></H2>
90
 
91
<P>
92
  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
93
freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
94
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
95
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
96
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
97
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
98
using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
99
the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
100
your programs, too.
101
 
102
</P>
103
<P>
104
  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
105
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
106
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
107
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
108
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
109
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
110
 
111
</P>
112
<P>
113
  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
114
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
115
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
116
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
117
 
118
</P>
119
<P>
120
  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
121
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
122
you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
123
source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
124
rights.
125
 
126
</P>
127
<P>
128
  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
129
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
130
distribute and/or modify the software.
131
 
132
</P>
133
<P>
134
  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
135
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
136
software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
137
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
138
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
139
authors' reputations.
140
 
141
</P>
142
<P>
143
  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
144
patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
145
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
146
program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
147
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
148
 
149
</P>
150
<P>
151
  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
152
modification follow.
153
 
154
</P>
155
 
156
 
157
<H2><A NAME="SEC3" HREF="gpl.html#TOC3">TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</A></H2>
158
 
159
 
160
<P>
161
 
162
<STRONG>0.</STRONG>
163
 This License applies to any program or other work which contains
164
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
165
under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
166
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
167
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
168
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
169
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
170
language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
171
the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
172
<P>
173
 
174
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
175
covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
176
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
177
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
178
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
179
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
180
 
181
<P>
182
 
183
<STRONG>1.</STRONG>
184
 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
185
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
186
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
187
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
188
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
189
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
190
along with the Program.
191
<P>
192
 
193
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
194
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
195
<P>
196
 
197
<STRONG>2.</STRONG>
198
 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
199
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
200
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
201
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
202
<P>
203
 
204
<UL>
205
 
206
<LI><STRONG>a)</STRONG>
207
     You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
208
     stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
209
 
210
<P>
211
<LI><STRONG>b)</STRONG>
212
     You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
213
     whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
214
     part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
215
     parties under the terms of this License.
216
 
217
<P>
218
<LI><STRONG>c)</STRONG>
219
     If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
220
     when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
221
     interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
222
     announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
223
     notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
224
     a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
225
     these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
226
     License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
227
     does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
228
     the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
229
</UL>
230
 
231
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
232
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
233
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
234
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
235
sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
236
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
237
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
238
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
239
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
240
<P>
241
 
242
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
243
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
244
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
245
collective works based on the Program.
246
<P>
247
 
248
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
249
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
250
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
251
the scope of this License.
252
 
253
<P>
254
 
255
<STRONG>3.</STRONG>
256
 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
257
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
258
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
259
 
260
 
261
<!-- we use this doubled UL to get the sub-sections indented, -->
262
<!-- while making the bullets as unobvious as possible. -->
263
<UL>
264
 
265
<LI><STRONG>a)</STRONG>
266
     Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
267
     source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
268
     1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
269
 
270
<P>
271
<LI><STRONG>b)</STRONG>
272
     Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
273
     years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
274
     cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
275
     machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
276
     distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
277
     customarily used for software interchange; or,
278
 
279
<P>
280
<LI><STRONG>c)</STRONG>
281
     Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
282
     to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
283
     allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
284
     received the program in object code or executable form with such
285
     an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
286
</UL>
287
 
288
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
289
making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
290
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
291
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
292
control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
293
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
294
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
295
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
296
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
297
itself accompanies the executable.
298
<P>
299
 
300
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
301
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
302
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
303
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
304
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
305
<P>
306
 
307
<STRONG>4.</STRONG>
308
 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
309
except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
310
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
311
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
312
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
313
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
314
parties remain in full compliance.
315
 
316
<P>
317
 
318
<STRONG>5.</STRONG>
319
 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
320
signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
321
distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
322
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
323
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
324
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
325
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
326
the Program or works based on it.
327
 
328
<P>
329
 
330
<STRONG>6.</STRONG>
331
 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
332
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
333
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
334
these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
335
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
336
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
337
this License.
338
 
339
<P>
340
 
341
<STRONG>7.</STRONG>
342
 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
343
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
344
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
345
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
346
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
347
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
348
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
349
may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
350
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
351
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
352
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
353
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
354
<P>
355
 
356
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
357
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
358
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
359
circumstances.
360
<P>
361
 
362
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
363
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
364
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
365
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
366
implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
367
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
368
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
369
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
370
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
371
impose that choice.
372
<P>
373
 
374
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
375
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
376
 
377
<P>
378
 
379
<STRONG>8.</STRONG>
380
 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
381
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
382
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
383
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
384
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
385
countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
386
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
387
 
388
<P>
389
 
390
<STRONG>9.</STRONG>
391
 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
392
of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
393
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
394
address new problems or concerns.
395
<P>
396
 
397
Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
398
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
399
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
400
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
401
Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
402
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
403
Foundation.
404
 
405
<P>
406
 
407
 
408
<STRONG>10.</STRONG>
409
 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
410
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
411
to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
412
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
413
make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
414
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
415
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
416
 
417
 
418
 
419
<P><STRONG>NO WARRANTY</STRONG></P>
420
 
421
<P>
422
 
423
<STRONG>11.</STRONG>
424
 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
425
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
426
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
427
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
428
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
429
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
430
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
431
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
432
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
433
 
434
<P>
435
 
436
<STRONG>12.</STRONG>
437
 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
438
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
439
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
440
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
441
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
442
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
443
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
444
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
445
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
446
 
447
<P>
448
 
449
 
450
<H2>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</H2>
451
 
452
 
453
 
454
<H2><A NAME="SEC4" HREF="gpl.html#TOC4">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</A></H2>
455
 
456
<P>
457
  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
458
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
459
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
460
 
461
</P>
462
<P>
463
  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
464
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
465
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
466
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
467
 
468
</P>
469
 
470
<PRE>
471
<VAR>one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.</VAR>
472
Copyright (C) <VAR>yyyy</VAR>  <VAR>name of author</VAR>
473
 
474
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
475
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
476
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
477
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
478
 
479
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
480
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
481
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
482
GNU General Public License for more details.
483
 
484
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
485
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
486
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
487
</PRE>
488
 
489
<P>
490
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
491
 
492
</P>
493
<P>
494
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
495
when it starts in an interactive mode:
496
 
497
</P>
498
 
499
<PRE>
500
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <VAR>year</VAR> <VAR>name of author</VAR>
501
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
502
type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome
503
to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
504
for details.
505
</PRE>
506
 
507
<P>
508
The hypothetical commands <SAMP>`show w'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`show c'</SAMP> should show
509
the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
510
commands you use may be called something other than <SAMP>`show w'</SAMP> and
511
<SAMP>`show c'</SAMP>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever
512
suits your program.
513
 
514
</P>
515
<P>
516
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
517
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
518
necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
519
 
520
</P>
521
 
522
<PRE>
523
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
524
interest in the program `Gnomovision'
525
(which makes passes at compilers) written
526
by James Hacker.
527
 
528
<VAR>signature of Ty Coon</VAR>, 1 April 1989
529
Ty Coon, President of Vice
530
</PRE>
531
 
532
<P>
533
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
534
proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
535
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
536
library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
537
<a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public License</a>
538
instead of this License.
539
 
540
<p>
541
 
542
<HR>
543
 
544
 
545
<p>
546
 
547
<div class="copyright">
548
<p>
549
Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.
550
</p>
551
 
552
<p>
553
Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
554
<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.
555
There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>
556
the FSF.
557
<br />
558
Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
559
<a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.
560
</p>
561
 
562
<p>
563
Please see the
564
<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
565
README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
566
translations of this article.
567
</p>
568
 
569
<p>
570
Copyright notice above.<br />
571
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA
572
<br />
573
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
574
permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
575
preserved.
576
</p>
577
 
578
<p>
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Updated:
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<!-- timestamp start -->
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$Date: 2004-11-05 14:06:28 $ $Author: gmarcus $
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<!-- timestamp end -->
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</p>
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</div>
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