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-- #################################################################################################

-- #  << NEO430 - Main Control Unit >>                                                             #

-- # ********************************************************************************************* #

-- # Central CPU control unit (micro sequencer / FSM).                                             #

-- # ********************************************************************************************* #

-- # BSD 3-Clause License                                                                          #

-- #                                                                                               #

-- # Copyright (c) 2020, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved.                                     #

-- #                                                                                               #

-- # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are          #

-- # permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                                     #

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-- #    conditions and the following disclaimer.                                                   #

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-- #    conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials        #

-- #    provided with the distribution.                                                            #

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-- #    endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written      #

-- #    permission.                                                                                #

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-- # The NEO430 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neo430                                    #

-- #################################################################################################

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.numeric_std.all;

library neo430;

use neo430.neo430_package.all;

entity neo430_control is

  port (

    -- global control --

    clk_i     : in  std_ulogic; -- global clock, rising edge

    rst_i     : in  std_ulogic; -- global reset, low-active, async

    -- memory interface --

    instr_i   : in  std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0); -- instruction word from memory

    -- control --

    sreg_i    : in  std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0); -- current status register

    ctrl_o    : out std_ulogic_vector(ctrl_width_c-1 downto 0); -- control signals

    irq_vec_o : out std_ulogic_vector(01 downto 0); -- irq channel address

    imm_o     : out std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0); -- branch offset

    -- irq lines --

    irq_i     : in  std_ulogic_vector(03 downto 0)  -- IRQ lines^

  );

end neo430_control;

architecture neo430_control_rtl of neo430_control is

  -- instruction register --

  signal ir      : std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0);

  signal ir_wren : std_ulogic;

  -- branch system --

  signal branch_taken : std_ulogic;

  -- state machine --

  type state_t is (RESET, IFETCH_0, IFETCH_1, DECODE,

    TRANS_0, TRANS_1, TRANS_2, TRANS_3, TRANS_4, TRANS_5, TRANS_6,

    PUSHCALL_0, PUSHCALL_1, PUSHCALL_2,

    RETI_0, RETI_1, RETI_2, RETI_3,

    IRQ_0, IRQ_1, IRQ_2, IRQ_3, IRQ_4, IRQ_5);

  signal state, state_nxt  : state_t;

  signal ctrl_nxt, ctrl    : std_ulogic_vector(ctrl_width_c-1 downto 0);

  signal am_nxt, am        : std_ulogic_vector(03 downto 0); -- addressing mode

  signal mem_rd, mem_rd_ff : std_ulogic; -- memory read buffers

  signal src_nxt, src      : std_ulogic_vector(03 downto 0); -- source reg

  signal sam_nxt, sam      : std_ulogic_vector(01 downto 0); -- CMD according SRC addressing mode

  -- irq system --

  signal irq_fire               : std_ulogic;

  signal irq_start, irq_ack     : std_ulogic;

  signal irq_ack_mask, irq_buf  : std_ulogic_vector(3 downto 0);

  signal irq_vec_nxt, irq_vec   : std_ulogic_vector(1 downto 0);

  signal i_flag_ff0, i_flag_ff1 : std_ulogic;

begin

  -- Branch Condition Check ---------------------------------------------------

  -- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  cond_check: process(instr_i, sreg_i)

  begin

    case instr_i(12 downto 10) is -- condition

      when cond_ne_c => branch_taken <= not sreg_i(sreg_z_c); -- JNE/JNZ

      when cond_eq_c => branch_taken <= sreg_i(sreg_z_c); -- JEQ/JZ

      when cond_lo_c => branch_taken <= not sreg_i(sreg_c_c); -- JNC/JLO

      when cond_hs_c => branch_taken <= sreg_i(sreg_c_c); -- JC/JHS

      when cond_mi_c => branch_taken <= sreg_i(sreg_n_c); -- JN

      when cond_ge_c => branch_taken <= not (sreg_i(sreg_n_c) xor sreg_i(sreg_v_c)); -- JGE

      when cond_le_c => branch_taken <= sreg_i(sreg_n_c) xor sreg_i(sreg_v_c); -- JL

      when cond_al_c => branch_taken <= '1'; -- JMP (always)

      when others    => branch_taken <= '0'; -- undefined

    end case;

  end process cond_check;

  -- branch offset (sign-extended) from instruction REGISTER --

  imm_o <= ir(9) & ir(9) & ir(9) & ir(9) & ir(9) & ir(9 downto 0) & '0';

  -- Arbiter State Machine Sync -----------------------------------------------

  -- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  arbiter_sync0: process(rst_i, clk_i)

  begin

    -- the arbiter requires a defined initial state

    if (rst_i = '0') then

      state <= RESET; -- this is crucial!

    elsif rising_edge(clk_i) then

      state <= state_nxt;

    end if;

  end process arbiter_sync0;

  arbiter_sync1: process(clk_i)

  begin

    if rising_edge(clk_i) then

      -- these signals do not need a specific reset state

      ctrl      <= ctrl_nxt;

      src       <= src_nxt;

      mem_rd_ff <= mem_rd;

      am        <= am_nxt;

      sam       <= sam_nxt;

      if (ir_wren = '1') then

        ir <= instr_i; -- instruction register

      end if;

    end if;

  end process arbiter_sync1;

  -- control bus output --

  ctrl_o <= ctrl;

  -- someone using the DADD instruction? --

  dadd_sanity_check: process(clk_i)

  begin

    if rising_edge(clk_i) then

      if (instr_i(15 downto 12) = "1010") then -- DADD

        assert false report "DADD instruction not supported!" severity error;

      end if;

    end if;

  end process dadd_sanity_check;

  -- Arbiter State Machine Comb -----------------------------------------------

  -- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  arbiter_comb: process(state, instr_i, ir, ctrl, branch_taken, src, am, sam, mem_rd_ff, irq_start, sreg_i)

    variable spec_cmd_v, valid_wb_v, move_cmd_v : std_ulogic;

  begin

    -- NOTES --

    -- Signals in states/sub states marked with a "-->" are moved out of case statement and are set as pseudo default.

    -- The general assigning of this signal does not effect states, which actually do not require this signal.

    -- However, this saves some mux logic in the states.

    -- arbiter defaults --

    state_nxt <= state;

    src_nxt   <= src; -- source reg

    am_nxt    <= am;  -- total addressing mode [OP class I/II, src_addr_mode(1), src_addr_mode(0), dst_addr_mode]

    sam_nxt   <= sam; -- default source addressing mode

    ir_wren   <= '0'; -- write to instruction register

    mem_rd    <= '0'; -- normal ("slow") memory read

    irq_ack   <= '0'; -- ack irq to irq-controller

    -- control defaults --

    ctrl_nxt <= (others => '0'); -- all off

    ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c  downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c)  <= src; -- source reg A

    ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c) <= ctrl(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c); -- keep ALU function

    ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_as1_c downto ctrl_rf_as0_c) <= sam; -- default SRC addressing mode

    ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2 as address offset

    ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= mem_rd_ff; -- delayed memory read

    ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_bw_c) <= ctrl(ctrl_alu_bw_c); -- keep byte/word mode

    -- special single ALU operation? --

    spec_cmd_v := '0';

    if (ir(15 downto 9) = "0001001") then -- CALL or PUSH or RETI

      spec_cmd_v := '1';

    end if;

    -- is MOV operation? --

    move_cmd_v := '0';

    -- use ctrl's signals here, since MOV operation can be set by IR and by the FSM itself

    if (ctrl(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c) = alu_mov_c) then

      move_cmd_v := '1';

    end if;

    -- valid write back? --

    valid_wb_v := '1';

    if (ir(15 downto 12) = alu_cmp_c) or (ir(15 downto 12) = alu_bit_c) then

      valid_wb_v := '0'; -- CMP and BIT instructions only write status flags

    end if;

    -- state machine --

    case state is

      when RESET => -- init PC with boot address

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_boot_c) <= '1'; -- load boot address

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC

        state_nxt <= IFETCH_0;

      when IFETCH_0 => -- output and update PC & IRQ check (stay here for SLEEP)

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        sam_nxt <= "00"; -- SRC address mode = REG, required for all special operations + IRQ

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_bw_c) <= '0'; -- word mode, also required for all IRQ states

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_bp_en_c) <= '1'; -- directly output PC/IRQ vector

        if (irq_start = '1') then -- execute IRQ

          state_nxt <= IRQ_0;

        elsif (sreg_i(sreg_s_c) = '0') then -- no sleep mode = normal execution

          ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

          ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

          state_nxt <= IFETCH_1;

        end if;

      when IFETCH_1 => -- wait for memory

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        state_nxt <= DECODE;

      when DECODE => -- decode applied instruction & store it to IR

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ir_wren <= '1'; -- update instruction register

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_bw_c) <= instr_i(6); -- byte/word mode

        sam_nxt <= instr_i(5 downto 4);

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC (used by branch instructions only)

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "000"; -- add immediate offset (used by branch instructions only)

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback (used by branch instructions only)

        if (instr_i(15 downto 14) = "00") then -- branch or format II instruction

          if (instr_i(13) = '1') then -- BRANCH INSTRUCTION

          -- ------------------------------------------------------------

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= branch_taken; -- valid RF write back if branch taken

            state_nxt <= IFETCH_0;

          elsif (instr_i(12 downto 10) = "100") then -- FORMAT II INSTRUCTION

            -- ------------------------------------------------------------

            am_nxt(0) <= instr_i(4) or instr_i(5); -- dst addressing mode

            am_nxt(3) <= '0'; -- class II

            if (instr_i(3 downto 0) = reg_cg_c) or ((instr_i(3 downto 0) = reg_sr_c) and (instr_i(5) = '1')) then -- source special?

              am_nxt(2 downto 1) <= "00"; -- source addressing mode

            else

              am_nxt(2 downto 1) <= instr_i(5 downto 4); -- source addressing mode

            end if;

            src_nxt <= instr_i(3 downto 0); -- src is also dst

            if (instr_i(15 downto 9) /= "0001001") then -- not PUSH/CALL/RETI?

              ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c) <= "00" & instr_i(8 downto 7); -- ALU function (rrc/swpb/rra/sxt)

            else

              ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c) <= alu_mov_c; -- to move OpA -> RF/MEM

            end if;

            case instr_i(9 downto 7) is

              when "100"  => state_nxt <= TRANS_0;  -- PUSH (via single ALU OP)

              when "101"  => state_nxt <= TRANS_0;  -- CALL (via single ALU OP)

              when "110"  => state_nxt <= RETI_0;   -- RETI

              when "111"  => state_nxt <= IFETCH_0; -- !!!UNDEFINED OPCODE!!!

              when others => state_nxt <= TRANS_0;  -- single ALU OP (FORMAT II)

            end case;

          else -- !!!UNDEFINED OPCODE!!!

            -- ------------------------------------------------------------

            state_nxt <= IFETCH_0;

          end if;

        else -- FORMAT I INSTRUCTION

        -- ------------------------------------------------------------

          am_nxt(3) <= '1'; -- class I

          if (instr_i(11 downto 8) = reg_cg_c) or ((instr_i(11 downto 8) = reg_sr_c) and (instr_i(5) = '1')) then -- source special?

            am_nxt(2 downto 1) <= "00"; -- source addressing mode for r2 & r3

          else

            am_nxt(2 downto 1) <= instr_i(5 downto 4); -- source addressing mode

          end if;

          am_nxt(0) <= instr_i(7); -- dst addressing mode

          ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c) <= instr_i(15 downto 12); -- ALU function

          src_nxt <= instr_i(11 downto 8);

          if (instr_i(15 downto 12) = "1010") then -- !!!INVALID ALUOP!!!

            state_nxt <= IFETCH_0;

          else

            state_nxt <= TRANS_0;

          end if;

        end if;

      when TRANS_0 => -- operand transfer cycle 0

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        -- (pseudo) defaults 

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback (only relevant for when 2,3,5)

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_bp_en_c) <= '1'; -- directly output RF.out to address bus

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_wr_c) <= am(0); -- write to MAR [relevant for memory writeback when using CLASS II operations]

        --

        case am is -- addressing mode

          when "0001" | "0000" | "1000" =>

            -- "0001" = CLASS II, SRC: Reg, DST: Indexed

            -- "0000" = CLASS II, SRC/DST: register direct

            -- "1000" = CLASS  I, SRC/DST: Reg

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= src; -- source: reg A

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write OpA

            if (spec_cmd_v = '1') then -- push or call

              state_nxt <= PUSHCALL_0;

            elsif (am(3) = '0') then -- CLASS II operation

              state_nxt <= TRANS_6;

            else

              state_nxt <= TRANS_3;

            end if;

          when "1001"   |   "1010" | "0010"  | "0011" =>

            -- "1001" = CLASS  I, SRC: register direct, DST: indexed

            --

            -- "1010" = CLASS  I, SRC: indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: register direct

            -- "001-" = CLASS II, SRC: indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: indexed/symbolic/absolute OR register direct

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_bp_en_c) <= '1'; -- directly output RF.out to address bus

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

            if (am(2 downto 1) = "00") then -- "1001" = CLASS  I, SRC: register direct, DST: indexed

              state_nxt <= TRANS_3;

            else

              state_nxt <= TRANS_2;

            end if;

          when "1011" =>

            -- "1011" = CLASS  I, SRC: indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: indexed

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to MAR

            mem_rd <= '1'; -- Memory read

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

            state_nxt <= TRANS_1;

          when "0100" | "0101" | "1100" | "1101" =>

            -- "010-" = CLASS II, SRC/DST: indirect

            -- "1100" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect, DST: register direct

            -- "1101" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect, DST: indexed

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= src; -- source: reg A

-->         cctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_bp_en_c) <= '1'; -- directly output RF.out to address bus

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

            state_nxt <= TRANS_1;

          when others =>

            -- "011-" = CLASS II, SRC/DST: indirect auto inc

            -- "1110" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect auto inc, DST: register direct

            -- "1111" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect auto inc, DST: indexed

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= src; -- source: reg A

-->         cctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_bp_en_c) <= '1'; -- directly output RF.out to address bus

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

            if (ir(6) = '0') or (src = reg_pc_c) then -- word mode (force if accessing PC)

              ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

            else -- byte mode

              ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "001"; -- add +1

            end if;

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

            state_nxt <= TRANS_1;

        end case;

      when TRANS_1 => -- operand transfer cycle 1

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        -- (pseudo) defaults 

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback (only relevant for last two 'when')

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast) (only relevant for last two 'when' 4)

        mem_rd <= '1'; -- Memory read (only relevant for last two 'when' 5)

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC

        --

        case am is -- addressing mode

          -- "000-" = CLASS II, SRC/DST: register direct                   [ACTUAL DON'T CARE; STATE NOT USED]

          -- "1000" = CLASS  I, SRC: register direct, DST: register direct [ACTUAL DON'T CARE; STATE NOT USED]

          -- "1001" = CLASS  I, SRC: register direct, DST: indexed         [ACTUAL DON'T CARE; STATE NOT USED]

          -- ==> DONT CARE

          -- "001-" = CLASS II, SRC/DST: indexed/symbolic/absolute                   [ACTUAL DON'T CARE; STATE NOT USED]

          -- "1010" = CLASS  I, SRC: indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: register direct [ACTUAL DON'T CARE; STATE NOT USED]

          -- ==> DONT CARE

          when "0100" | "0101" | "1100"   |   "0110" | "0111" | "1110" =>

            -- "010-" = CLASS II, SRC/DST: indirect

            -- "1100" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect, DST: register direct

            --

            -- "011-" = CLASS II, SRC/DST: indirect auto inc,

            -- "1110" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect auto inc, DST: register direct

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- get data from memory

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write OpA

            if (spec_cmd_v = '1') then -- push or call

              state_nxt <= PUSHCALL_0;

            else

              if (am(3) = '0') then -- CLASS II

                state_nxt <= TRANS_6;

              else -- CLASS I

                state_nxt <= TRANS_3;

              end if;

            end if;

          when "1101"  |  "1111" =>

            -- "1101" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect, DST: indexed

            --

            -- "1111" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect auto inc, DST: indexed

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_bp_en_c) <= '1'; -- directly output RF.out to address bus

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback 

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- get data from memory

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write OpA

            state_nxt <= TRANS_3; -- no PUSHCALL check required

          when others =>

            -- "1011" = CLASS  I, SRC: indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: indexed

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to MAR

-->         mem_rd <= '1'; -- Memory read

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback 

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

            state_nxt <= TRANS_2;

        end case;

      when TRANS_2 => -- operand transfer cycle 2

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        -- "001-" = CLASS II: SRC/DST: indexed/symbolic/absolute

        -- "1010" = CLASS  I, SRC:     indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: register direct

        -- "1011" = CLASS  I, SRC:     indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: indexed

        -- OTHERS = DONT CARE [state not reachable]

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= src; -- source: reg A

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "1--"; -- add memory data in (only relevant for first 'when')

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_sel_c) <= '1'; -- use result from adder

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "1--"; -- add memory data in

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to MAR

        mem_rd <= '1'; -- Memory read

        mem_rd <= '1'; -- Memory read

        state_nxt <= TRANS_3;

      when TRANS_3 => -- operand transfer cycle 3

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        -- (pseudo) defaults 

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= ir(3 downto 0); -- source: reg B

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_sel_c) <= '1'; -- use result from adder

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "1--"; -- add memory data in

        --

        case am is -- addressing mode

          when "1001" | "1011" | "1101" | "1111" =>

            -- "1001" = CLASS  I, SRC: register direct, DST: indexed

            -- "1011" = CLASS  I, SRC: indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: indexed

            -- "1101" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect, DST: indexed

            -- "1111" = CLASS  I, SRC: indirect auto inc, DST: indexed

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_as1_c) <= '0'; -- DST address mode = REG or INDEXED

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_as0_c) <= ir(7); -- DST address mode = REG or INDEXED

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "1--"; -- add memory data in

-->         ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_sel_c) <= '1'; -- use result from adder

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to MAR

            mem_rd <= '1'; -- Memory read

            state_nxt <= TRANS_4;

          when others =>

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_as1_c downto ctrl_rf_as0_c) <= "00"; -- DST address mode = REG

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opb_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write OpB

            if (am(2 downto 1) = "01") then

              state_nxt <= TRANS_4;

            else

              state_nxt <= TRANS_6;

            end if;

        end case;

      when TRANS_4 => -- operand transfer cycle 4

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        -- (pseudo) defaults 

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= src; -- source: reg A (only relevant for 3rd 'when')

        --

        case am is -- addressing mode

          when "0010" | "0011" | "1010" | "1011" =>

            -- "001-" = CLASS II, SRC/DST: indexed/symbolic/absolute

            -- "1010" = CLASS  I, SRC: indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: register direct

            -- "1011" = CLASS  I, SRC: indexed/symbolic/absolute, DST: indexed

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- get data from memory

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to OpA

            if (spec_cmd_v = '1') then -- push or call

              state_nxt <= PUSHCALL_0;

            elsif ((am(3) and am(0)) = '1') and (move_cmd_v = '0') then -- skip processing of second operand when executing MOV instruction

              state_nxt <= TRANS_5;

            else

              state_nxt <= TRANS_6;

            end if;

          when "1001" =>

            -- "1001" = CLASS  I, SRC: register direct, DST: indexed

            ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write OpA

            if (move_cmd_v = '1') then -- skip processing of second operand when executing MOV instruction

              state_nxt <= TRANS_6;

            else

              state_nxt <= TRANS_5;

            end if;

          when others => -- NOP / DONT CARE

            -- "000-" = CLASS II, SRD/DST:  DONT CARE

            -- "1000" = CLASS  I, SRC: register direct, DST: register direct = DONT CARE

            -- "-10-" : NOP

            -- "-11-" : NOP

            if (move_cmd_v = '1') then -- skip processing of second operand when executing MOV instruction

              state_nxt <= TRANS_6;

            else

              state_nxt <= TRANS_5;

            end if;

        end case;

      when TRANS_5 => -- operand transfer cycle 5

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- get data from memory

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opb_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to OpB

        state_nxt <= TRANS_6;

      when TRANS_6 => -- operand transfer cycle 6: RF or MEM write-back

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= ir(3 downto 0); -- destination

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_fup_c) <= not spec_cmd_v; -- update ALU status flags

        if (am(0) = '0') then -- DST: register direct (register file)

          ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= valid_wb_v; -- valid RF write back (not for CMP/BIT!)

        else -- DST: indexed (memory)

          ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_wr_c) <= valid_wb_v; -- valid MEM write back (not for CMP/BIT!)

        end if;

        state_nxt <= IFETCH_0; -- done!

      when PUSHCALL_0 => -- PUSH/CALL cycle 0 (stack update)

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c) <= alu_mov_c; -- keep this for all following states

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_sp_c; -- source/destination: SP

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "011"; -- add -2

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to MAR

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_sel_c) <= '1'; -- use result from adder

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

        if (ir(7) = '1') then -- CALL

          state_nxt <= PUSHCALL_1;

        else -- PUSH

          state_nxt <= PUSHCALL_2;

        end if;

      when PUSHCALL_1 => -- CALL cycle 1 (buffer PC so it can be written to memory)

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source/destination: PC

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to OpA

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

        state_nxt <= PUSHCALL_2;

      when PUSHCALL_2 => -- PUSH/CALL cycle 2 (write data to memory)

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_wr_c) <= '1'; -- memory write request

        state_nxt <= IFETCH_0; -- done!

      when RETI_0 => -- RETI cycle 0: Output address of old SR; SP=SP+2

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c) <= alu_mov_c; -- keep this for all following states

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_sp_c; -- source/destination: SP

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_bp_en_c) <= '1'; -- directly output RF.out to address bus

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

        state_nxt <= RETI_1;

      when RETI_1 => -- RETI cycle 1: Buffer status register from MEM in OpA; Output address of old PC; SP=SP+2

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_sp_c; -- source/destination: SP

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_bp_en_c) <= '1'; -- directly output RF.out to address bus

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_mem_rd_c) <= '1'; -- Memory read (fast)

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "010"; -- add +2

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- get data from memory

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to OpA

        state_nxt <= RETI_2;

      when RETI_2 => -- RETI cycle 4: Write status register; buffer return address from MEM in OpA

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_in_sel_c) <= '1'; -- get data from memory

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write to OpA

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_sr_c; -- destination: SR

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

        state_nxt <= RETI_3;

      when RETI_3 => -- RETI cycle 5: Write return address to PC

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- destination: PC

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c) <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

        state_nxt <= IFETCH_0; -- done!

      when IRQ_0 => -- IRQ processing cycle 0: SP=SP-2, disable sleep mode

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_cmd3_c downto ctrl_alu_cmd0_c) <= alu_mov_c; -- keep this for all following states

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_sp_c; -- source/destination: SP

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_wr_c)  <= '1'; -- write to MAR

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_off2_c downto ctrl_adr_off0_c) <= "011"; -- add -2

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_adr_mar_sel_c) <= '1'; -- use result from adder

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_in_sel_c)   <= '1'; -- select addr gen feedback

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_wb_en_c)    <= '1'; -- valid RF write back

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_dsleep_c)   <= '1'; -- disable sleep mode

        state_nxt <= IRQ_1;

      when IRQ_1 => -- IRQ processing cycle 1: Buffer PC for memory write

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_rf_adr3_c downto ctrl_rf_adr0_c) <= reg_pc_c; -- source: PC

        ctrl_nxt(ctrl_alu_opa_wr_c) <= '1'; -- write PC to OpA

        state_nxt <= IRQ_2;

      when IRQ_2 => -- IRQ processing cycle 2: Write PC to memory (push), SP=SP-2

      -- ------------------------------------------------------------