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// #################################################################################################

// # << NEORV32 - RISC-V Single-Precision Floating-Point 'Zfinx' Extension Verification Program >> #

// # ********************************************************************************************* #

// # BSD 3-Clause License                                                                          #

// #                                                                                               #

// # Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved.                                     #

// #                                                                                               #

// # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are          #

// # permitted provided that the following conditions are met:                                     #

// #                                                                                               #

// # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of        #

// #    conditions and the following disclaimer.                                                   #

// #                                                                                               #

// # 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of     #

// #    conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials        #

// #    provided with the distribution.                                                            #

// #                                                                                               #

// # 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to  #

// #    endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written      #

// #    permission.                                                                                #

// #                                                                                               #

// # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS   #

// # OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF               #

// # MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE    #

// # COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,     #

// # EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE #

// # GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED    #

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// # OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.                                                            #

// # ********************************************************************************************* #

// # The NEORV32 Processor - https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32              (c) Stephan Nolting #

// #################################################################################################

/**********************************************************************//**

 * @file floating_point_test/main.c

 * @author Stephan Nolting

 * @brief Verification program for the NEORV32 'Zfinx' extension (floating-point in x registers) using pseudo-random data as input; compares results from hardware against pure-sw reference functions.

 **************************************************************************/

#include <neorv32.h>

#include <float.h>

#include <math.h>

#include "neorv32_zfinx_extension_intrinsics.h"

#ifdef NAN

/* NAN is supported */

#else

#warning NAN macro not supported!

#endif

#ifdef INFINITY

/* INFINITY is supported */

#else

#warning INFINITY macro not supported!

#endif

/**********************************************************************//**

 * @name User configuration

 **************************************************************************/

/**@{*/

/** UART BAUD rate */

#define BAUD_RATE          (19200)

//** Number of test cases for each instruction */

#define NUM_TEST_CASES     (1000000)

//** Silent mode (only show actual errors when != 0) */

#define SILENT_MODE        (1)

//** Run conversion tests when != 0 */

#define RUN_CONV_TESTS     (1)

//** Run add/sub tests when != 0 */

#define RUN_ADDSUB_TESTS   (1)

//** Run multiplication tests when != 0 */

#define RUN_MUL_TESTS      (1)

//** Run min/max tests when != 0 */

#define RUN_MINMAX_TESTS   (1)

//** Run comparison tests when != 0 */

#define RUN_COMPARE_TESTS  (1)

//** Run sign-injection tests when != 0 */

#define RUN_SGNINJ_TESTS   (1)

//** Run classify tests when != 0 */

#define RUN_CLASSIFY_TESTS (1)

//** Run unsupported instructions tests when != 0 */

#define RUN_UNAVAIL_TESTS  (1)

//** Run average instruction execution time test when != 0 */

#define RUN_TIMING_TESTS   (0)

/**@}*/

// Prototypes

uint32_t get_test_vector(void);

uint32_t xorshift32(void);

uint32_t verify_result(uint32_t num, uint32_t opa, uint32_t opb, uint32_t ref, uint32_t res);

void print_report(uint32_t num_err);

/**********************************************************************//**

 * Main function; test all available operations of the NEORV32 'Zfinx' extensions using bit floating-point hardware intrinsics and software-only reference functions (emulation).

 *

 * @note This program requires the Zfinx CPU extension.

 *

 * @return 0 if execution was successful

 **************************************************************************/

int main() {

  uint32_t err_cnt = 0;

  uint32_t err_cnt_total = 0;

  uint32_t test_cnt = 0;

  uint32_t i = 0;

  float_conv_t opa;

  float_conv_t opb;

  float_conv_t res_hw;

  float_conv_t res_sw;

  // init primary UART

  neorv32_uart_setup(BAUD_RATE, PARITY_NONE, FLOW_CONTROL_NONE);

  // capture all exceptions and give debug info via UART

  neorv32_rte_setup();

  // check available hardware extensions and compare with compiler flags

  neorv32_rte_check_isa(0); // silent = 0 -> show message if isa mismatch

  // check if Zfinx extension is implemented at all

  if (neorv32_cpu_check_zext(CSR_MZEXT_ZFINX) == 0) {

    neorv32_uart_print("Error! <Zfinx> extension not synthesized!\n");

    return 1;

  }

// Disable compilation by default

#ifndef RUN_CHECK

  #warning Program HAS NOT BEEN COMPILED! Use >>make USER_FLAGS+=-DRUN_CHECK clean_all exe<< to compile it.

  // inform the user if you are actually executing this

  neorv32_uart_printf("ERROR! Program has not been compiled. Use >>make USER_FLAGS+=-DRUN_CHECK clean_all exe<< to compile it.\n");

  return 1;

#endif

  // intro

  neorv32_uart_printf("<<< Zfinx extension test >>>\n");

#if (SILENT_MODE != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("SILENT_MODE enabled (only showing actual errors)\n");

#endif

  neorv32_uart_printf("Test cases per instruction: %u\n", (uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES);

  neorv32_uart_printf("NOTE: The NEORV32 FPU does not support subnormal numbers yet. Subnormal numbers are flushed to zero.\n\n");

  // enable FPU extension

  uint32_t mstatus = neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_MSTATUS);

  mstatus |= 1 << CSR_MSTATUS_FS_L; // state = initial

  neorv32_cpu_csr_write(CSR_MSTATUS, mstatus);

  // clear exception status word

  neorv32_cpu_csr_write(CSR_FFLAGS, 0); // real hardware

  feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT); // software runtime (GCC floating-point emulation)

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Conversion Tests

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_CONV_TESTS != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FCVT.S.WU (unsigned integer to float)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fcvt_swu(opa.binary_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fcvt_swu(opa.binary_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, 0, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FCVT.S.W (signed integer to float)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fcvt_sw((int32_t)opa.binary_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fcvt_sw((int32_t)opa.binary_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, 0, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FCVT.WU.S (float to unsigned integer)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.binary_value = riscv_intrinsic_fcvt_wus(opa.float_value);

    res_sw.binary_value = riscv_emulate_fcvt_wus(opa.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, 0, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FCVT.W.S (float to signed integer)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.binary_value = (uint32_t)riscv_intrinsic_fcvt_ws(opa.float_value);

    res_sw.binary_value = (uint32_t)riscv_emulate_fcvt_ws(opa.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, 0, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

#endif

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Add/Sub Tests

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_ADDSUB_TESTS != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FADD.S (addition)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fadds(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fadds(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FSUB.S (subtraction)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fsubs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fsubs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

#endif

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Multiplication Tests

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_MUL_TESTS != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FMUL.S (multiplication)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fmuls(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fmuls(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

#endif

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Min/Max Tests

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_MINMAX_TESTS != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FMIN.S (select minimum)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fmins(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fmins(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FMAX.S (select maximum)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fmaxs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fmaxs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

#endif

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Comparison Tests

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_COMPARE_TESTS != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FEQ.S (compare if equal)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.binary_value = riscv_intrinsic_feqs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.binary_value = riscv_emulate_feqs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FLT.S (compare if less-than)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.binary_value = riscv_intrinsic_flts(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.binary_value = riscv_emulate_flts(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FLE.S (compare if less-than-or-equal)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.binary_value = riscv_intrinsic_fles(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.binary_value = riscv_emulate_fles(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

#endif

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Sign-Injection Tests

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_SGNINJ_TESTS != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FSGNJ.S (sign-injection)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fsgnjs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fsgnjs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FSGNJN.S (sign-injection NOT)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fsgnjns(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fsgnjns(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FSGNJX.S (sign-injection XOR)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fsgnjxs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fsgnjxs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, opb.binary_value, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

#endif

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Classify Tests

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_CLASSIFY_TESTS != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n#%u: FCLASS.S (classify)...\n", test_cnt);

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0;i<(uint32_t)NUM_TEST_CASES; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    res_hw.binary_value = riscv_intrinsic_fclasss(opa.float_value);

    res_sw.binary_value = riscv_emulate_fclasss(opa.float_value);

    err_cnt += verify_result(i, opa.binary_value, 0, res_sw.binary_value, res_hw.binary_value);

  }

  print_report(err_cnt);

  err_cnt_total += err_cnt;

  test_cnt++;

#endif

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// UNSUPPORTED Instructions Tests - Execution should raise illegal instruction exception

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_UNAVAIL_TESTS != 0)

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n# unsupported FDIV.S (division) [illegal instruction]...\n");

  neorv32_cpu_csr_write(CSR_MCAUSE, 0);

  opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  riscv_intrinsic_fdivs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

  if (neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_MCAUSE) != TRAP_CODE_I_ILLEGAL) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[FAILED]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[ok]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

  }

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n# unsupported FSQRT.S (square root) [illegal instruction]...\n");

  neorv32_cpu_csr_write(CSR_MCAUSE, 0);

  opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  riscv_intrinsic_fsqrts(opa.float_value);

  if (neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_MCAUSE) != TRAP_CODE_I_ILLEGAL) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[FAILED]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[ok]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

  }

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n# unsupported FMADD.S (fused multiply-add) [illegal instruction]...\n");

  neorv32_cpu_csr_write(CSR_MCAUSE, 0);

  opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  riscv_intrinsic_fmadds(opa.float_value, opb.float_value, -opa.float_value);

  if (neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_MCAUSE) != TRAP_CODE_I_ILLEGAL) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[FAILED]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[ok]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

  }

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n# unsupported FMSUB.S (fused multiply-sub) [illegal instruction]...\n");

  neorv32_cpu_csr_write(CSR_MCAUSE, 0);

  opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  riscv_intrinsic_fmsubs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value, -opa.float_value);

  if (neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_MCAUSE) != TRAP_CODE_I_ILLEGAL) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[FAILED]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[ok]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

  }

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n# unsupported FNMSUB.S (fused negated multiply-sub) [illegal instruction]...\n");

  neorv32_cpu_csr_write(CSR_MCAUSE, 0);

  opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  riscv_intrinsic_fnmadds(opa.float_value, opb.float_value, -opa.float_value);

  if (neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_MCAUSE) != TRAP_CODE_I_ILLEGAL) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[FAILED]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[ok]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

  }

  neorv32_uart_printf("\n# unsupported FNMADD.S (fused negated multiply-add) [illegal instruction]...\n");

  neorv32_cpu_csr_write(CSR_MCAUSE, 0);

  opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

  riscv_intrinsic_fnmadds(opa.float_value, opb.float_value, -opa.float_value);

  if (neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_MCAUSE) != TRAP_CODE_I_ILLEGAL) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[FAILED]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[ok]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

  }

#endif

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Instruction execution timing test

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if (RUN_TIMING_TESTS != 0)

  uint32_t time_start, time_sw, time_hw;

  const uint32_t num_runs = 4096;

  neorv32_uart_printf("\nAverage execution time tests (%u runs)\n", num_runs);

  // signed integer to float

  neorv32_uart_printf("FCVT.S.W: ");

  time_sw = 0;

  time_hw = 0;

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0; i<num_runs; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    // hardware execution time

    time_start = neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE);

    {

      res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fcvt_sw((int32_t)opa.binary_value);

    }

    time_hw += neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE) - time_start;

    time_hw -= 4; // remove the 2 dummy instructions

    // software (emulation) execution time

    time_start = neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE);

    {

      res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fcvt_sw((int32_t)opa.binary_value);

    }

    time_sw += neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE) - time_start;

    if (res_sw.binary_value != res_hw.binary_value) {

      err_cnt++;

    }

  }

  if (err_cnt == 0) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("cycles[SW] = %u vs. cycles[HW] = %u\n", time_sw/num_runs, time_hw/num_runs);

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[TEST FAILED!]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  // float to signed integer

  neorv32_uart_printf("FCVT.W.S: ");

  time_sw = 0;

  time_hw = 0;

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0; i<num_runs; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    // hardware execution time

    time_start = neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE);

    {

      res_hw.binary_value = (uint32_t)riscv_intrinsic_fcvt_ws(opa.float_value);

    }

    time_hw += neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE) - time_start;

    time_hw -= 4; // remove the 2 dummy instructions

    // software (emulation) execution time

    time_start = neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE);

    {

      res_sw.binary_value = (uint32_t)riscv_emulate_fcvt_ws(opa.float_value);

    }

    time_sw += neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE) - time_start;

    if (res_sw.binary_value != res_hw.binary_value) {

      err_cnt++;

    }

  }

  if (err_cnt == 0) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("cycles[SW] = %u vs. cycles[HW] = %u\n", time_sw/num_runs, time_hw/num_runs);

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[TEST FAILED!]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  // addition

  neorv32_uart_printf("FADD.S:   ");

  time_sw = 0;

  time_hw = 0;

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0; i<num_runs; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    // hardware execution time

    time_start = neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE);

    {

      res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fadds(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    }

    time_hw += neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE) - time_start;

    time_hw -= 4; // remove the 2 dummy instructions

    // software (emulation) execution time

    time_start = neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE);

    {

      res_sw.float_value = riscv_emulate_fadds(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    }

    time_sw += neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE) - time_start;

    if (res_sw.binary_value != res_hw.binary_value) {

      err_cnt++;

    }

  }

  if (err_cnt == 0) {

    neorv32_uart_printf("cycles[SW] = %u vs. cycles[HW] = %u\n", time_sw/num_runs, time_hw/num_runs);

  }

  else {

    neorv32_uart_printf("%c[1m[TEST FAILED!]%c[0m\n", 27, 27);

    err_cnt_total++;

  }

  // subtraction

  neorv32_uart_printf("FSUB.S:   ");

  time_sw = 0;

  time_hw = 0;

  err_cnt = 0;

  for (i=0; i<num_runs; i++) {

    opa.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    opb.binary_value = get_test_vector();

    // hardware execution time

    time_start = neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE);

    {

      res_hw.float_value = riscv_intrinsic_fsubs(opa.float_value, opb.float_value);

    }

    time_hw += neorv32_cpu_csr_read(CSR_CYCLE) - time_start;

    time_hw -= 4; // remove the 2 dummy instructions

    // software (emulation) execution time