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//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//

// This file is part of the Next186 project

// http://opencores.org/project,next186

//

// Filename: Next186_BIU_2T_delayread.v

// Description: Part of the Next186 CPU project, bus interface unit

// Version 1.0

// Creation date: 20Jan2012 - 10Mar2012

//

// Author: Nicolae Dumitrache 

// e-mail: ndumitrache@opencores.org

//

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// 

// Copyright (C) 2012 Nicolae Dumitrache

// 

// This source file may be used and distributed without 

// restriction provided that this copyright statement is not 

// removed from the file and that any derivative work contains 

// the original copyright notice and the associated disclaimer.

// 

// This source file is free software; you can redistribute it 

// and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General 

// Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;

// either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any 

// later version. 

// 

// This source is distributed in the hope that it will be 

// useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied 

// warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 

// PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more 

// details. 

// 

// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General 

// Public License along with this source; if not, download it 

// from http://www.opencores.org/lgpl.shtml 

// 

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Additional Comments: 

//

//      - Links the CPU with a 32bit static synchronous RAM (or cache) 

//      - Able to address up to 1MB 

//      - 16byte instruction queue 

//      - Works at 2 X CPU frequency (80Mhz on Spartan3AN), requiring minimum 2T for an instruction.

//      - The 32bit data bus and the double CPU clock allows the instruction queue to be almost always full, avoiding the CPU starving. 

//        The data un-alignement penalties are required only when data words crosses the 4byte boundaries.

//

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//

// How to compute each instruction duration, in clock cycles (for this particular BIU implementation!):

//

// 1 - From the Next186_features.doc see for each instruction how many T states are required (you will notice they are always

//              less or equal than 486 and much less than the original 80186

// 2 - Multiply this number by 2 - the BIU works at double ALU frequency because it needs to multiplex the data and instructions,

//              in order to keep the ALU permanently feed with instructions. The 16bit queue acts like a flexible instruction buffer.

// 3 - Add penalties, as follows:

//                      +1T for each memory read - because of the synchronous SRAM which need this extra cycle to deliver the data

//                      +2T for each jump - required to flush and re-fill the instruction queue

//                      +1T for each 16bit(word) read/write which overlaps the 4byte boundary - specific to 32bit bus width

//                      +1T if the jump is made at an address with the latest 2bits 11 - specific to 32bit bus width

//                      +1T when the instruction queue empties - this case appears very rare, when a lot of 5-6 bytes memory write instructions are executed in direct sequence

//

//              Some examples:

//              - "lea ax,[bx+si+1234]" requires 2T

//              - "add ax, 2345" requires 2T

//              - "xchg ax, bx" requires 4T

//              - "inc word ptr [1]" requires 5T (2x2T inc M + 1T read)

//              - "inc word ptr [3]" requires 7T (2x2T inc M + 1T read + 1T unaligned read + 1T unaligned write)

//              - "imul ax,bx,234" requires 4T (2x2T imul)

//              - "loop address != 3(mod 4)" requires 4T (2x1T loop + 2T flush)

//              - "loop address == 3(mod 4)" requires 5T (2x1T loop + 2T flush + 1T unaligned jump)

//              - "call address 0" requires 4T (2x1T call near + 2T flush

//              - "ret address 0" requires 7T (2x2T ret + 1T read penalty + 2T flush)

//

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

`timescale 1ns / 1ps

module BIU186_32bSync_2T_DelayRead(

        input CLK,

        output [47:0]INSTR,

        input [2:0]ISIZE,

        input IFETCH,

        input FLUSH,

        input MREQ,

        input WR,

        input WORD,

        input [20:0]ADDR,

        input [20:0]IADDR,

        output reg CE186,       // CPU clock enable

        input [31:0]RAM_DIN,

        output [31:0]RAM_DOUT,

        output [18:0]RAM_ADDR,

        output RAM_MREQ,

        output wire[3:0]RAM_WMASK,

        output reg [15:0]DOUT,

        input [15:0]DIN,

        input CE,               // BIU clock enable

        output reg data_bound,

        input [1:0]WSEL, // normally {~ADDR[0], ADDR[0]}

        output reg RAM_RD,

        output reg RAM_WR

);

        reg [31:0]queue[3:0];

        reg [1:0]STATE = 0;

        reg OLDSTATE = 1;

        reg [3:0]qpos = 0;

        reg [4:0]qsize = 0;

        reg [1:0]rpos = 0;

        reg [18:0]piaddr = 0;

        reg [7:0]exdata = 0;

        reg rdi = 0;

        reg [1:0]NEXTSTATE;

        reg sflush;

        wire [4:0]newqsize = sflush ? -IADDR[1:0] : CE186 && IFETCH && ~FLUSH ? qsize - ISIZE : qsize;

        wire qnofull = qsize < 13;

        reg iread;// = (qnofull && !RAM_RD && !RAM_WR) || sflush;

        wire [3:0]nqpos = (FLUSH && IFETCH) ? {2'b00, IADDR[1:0]} : (qpos + ISIZE);

        wire [18:0]MIADDR = sflush ? IADDR[20:2] : piaddr;

        wire split = (&ADDR[1:0]) && WORD; // data between dwords

        wire [15:0]DSWAP = {WSEL[1] ? DIN[15:8] : DIN[7:0], WSEL[0] ? DIN[15:8] : DIN[7:0]};        //ADDR[0] ? {DIN[7:0], DIN[15:8]} : DIN;

        wire [1:0]a1 = nqpos[3:2] + 1;

        wire [1:0]a2 = nqpos[3:2] + 2;

        wire [31:0]q1 = rdi && (a1 == rpos) ? RAM_DIN : queue[a1];

        wire [7:0]q2 = rdi && (a2 == rpos) ? RAM_DIN[7:0] : queue[a2][7:0];

        assign INSTR = {q2, q1, queue[nqpos[3:2]]} >> {nqpos[1:0], 3'b000};

//      assign DOUT = split ? {RAM_DIN[7:0], exdata} : (RAM_DIN >> {ADDR[1:0], 3'b000}); 

        assign RAM_DOUT = {DSWAP, DSWAP};

        assign RAM_MREQ = iread || RAM_RD || RAM_WR;

        assign RAM_ADDR = iread ? MIADDR : ADDR[20:2] + data_bound;

        assign RAM_WMASK = data_bound ? {3'b000, RAM_WR} : {2'b00, WORD & RAM_WR, RAM_WR} << ADDR[1:0];

        always @(*) begin

                RAM_RD = 0;

                RAM_WR = 0;

                CE186 = 0;

                sflush = 0;

                data_bound = 0;

                iread = 0;

                case(ADDR[1:0])

                        2'b00: DOUT = RAM_DIN[15:0];

                        2'b01: DOUT = RAM_DIN[23:8];

                        2'b10: DOUT = RAM_DIN[31:16];

                        2'b11: DOUT = {RAM_DIN[7:0], WORD ? exdata : RAM_DIN[31:24]};

                endcase

                case(STATE)

                        0: begin // no cpu activity on first state

                                iread = qnofull;

                                NEXTSTATE = 1;

                        end

                        1: begin

                                NEXTSTATE = 1;

                                if(FLUSH && IFETCH && !OLDSTATE) begin

                                        sflush = 1;

                                        iread = 1;

                                end else if((FLUSH && IFETCH && (qsize > 5)) || (qsize > 11)) begin

                                        NEXTSTATE = 0;

                                        if(MREQ) begin

                                                if(WR) begin    // write

                                                        RAM_WR = 1;

                                                        if(split) NEXTSTATE = 3;

                                                        else CE186 = 1;

                                                end else begin

                                                        RAM_RD = 1;

                                                        NEXTSTATE = split ? 2 : 3;

                                                end

                                        end else begin

                                                iread = qnofull;

                                                CE186 = 1;

                                        end

                                end else iread = 1; // else nextstate = 1

                        end

                        2: begin

                                RAM_RD = 1;

                                data_bound = 1; // split memory access

                                NEXTSTATE = 3;

                        end

                        3: begin

                                RAM_WR = WR && MREQ;

                                iread = !(WR && MREQ) && qnofull;

                                data_bound = split;

                                CE186 = 1;

                                NEXTSTATE = 0;

                        end

                endcase

        end

        always @ (posedge CLK) if(CE) begin

                rdi <= iread;

                if(rdi) queue[rpos] <= RAM_DIN;

                if(iread) begin

                        qsize <= {newqsize[4:2] + 1, newqsize[1:0]};

                        piaddr <= MIADDR + 1;

                end else begin

                        qsize <= newqsize;

                        piaddr <= MIADDR;

                end

                if(CE186 && IFETCH) qpos <= nqpos;

                if(sflush) rpos <= 0;

                else if(rdi) rpos <= rpos + 1;

                OLDSTATE <= STATE[0];

                STATE <= NEXTSTATE;

                if(data_bound) exdata <= RAM_DIN[31:24];

        end

endmodule