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-- Copyright (c)2006, 2016, 2019 Jeremy Seth Henry

-- All rights reserved.

--

-- Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

-- modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

--     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

--       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

--     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

--       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

--       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution,

--       where applicable (as part of a user interface, debugging port, etc.)

--

-- THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JEREMY SETH HENRY ``AS IS'' AND ANY

-- EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

-- WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE

-- DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JEREMY SETH HENRY BE LIABLE FOR ANY

-- DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES

-- (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;

-- LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND

-- ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

-- (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS

-- SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

--

-- VHDL Units :  async_ser_rx

-- Description:  Asynchronous receiver wired for 8[N/E/O]1 data. Parity mode

--                and bit rate are set with generics.

--

--

-- Note: The baud rate generator will produce an approximate frequency. The

--        final bit rate should be within +/- 1% of the true bit rate to

--        ensure the receiver can successfully receive. With a sufficiently

--        high core clock, this is generally achievable for common PC serial

--        data rates.

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;

use ieee.std_logic_misc.all;

entity async_ser_rx is

generic(

    Reset_Level              : std_logic;

    Enable_Parity            : boolean;

    Parity_Odd_Even_n        : std_logic;

    Clock_Divider            : integer

);

port(

    Clock                    : in  std_logic;

    Reset                    : in  std_logic;

    --

    Rx_In                    : in  std_logic;

    --

    Rx_Data                  : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

    Rx_Valid                 : out std_logic;

    Rx_PErr                  : out std_logic

);

end entity;

architecture behave of async_ser_rx is

  -- The ceil_log2 function returns the minimum register width required to

  --  hold the supplied integer.

  function ceil_log2 (x : in natural) return natural is

    variable retval          : natural;

  begin

    retval                   := 1;

    while ((2**retval) - 1) < x loop

      retval                 := retval + 1;

    end loop;

    return retval;

  end ceil_log2;

  -- Period of each bit in sub-clocks (subtract one to account for zero)

  constant Half_Per_i        : integer := (Clock_Divider / 2) - 1;

  constant Full_Per_i        : integer := Clock_Divider - 1;

  constant Baud_Bits         : integer := ceil_log2(Full_Per_i);

  constant HALF_PERIOD       : std_logic_vector(Baud_Bits - 1 downto 0) :=

                                 conv_std_logic_vector(Half_Per_i, Baud_Bits);

  constant FULL_PERIOD       : std_logic_vector(Baud_Bits - 1 downto 0) :=

                                 conv_std_logic_vector(Full_Per_i, Baud_Bits);

  signal Rx_Baud_Cntr        : std_logic_vector(Baud_Bits - 1 downto 0) :=

                                 (others => '0');

  signal Rx_In_SR            : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := x"0";

  alias  Rx_In_Q             is Rx_In_SR(3);

  signal Rx_Buffer           : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0) := x"00";

  signal Rx_Parity           : std_logic := '0';

  signal Rx_PErr_int         : std_logic := '0';

  signal Rx_State            : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := x"0";

  alias  Rx_Bit_Sel          is Rx_State(2 downto 0);

  -- State machine definitions

  constant IO_RSV0           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1011"; -- B

  constant IO_RSV1           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1100"; -- C

  constant IO_STRT           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1101"; -- D

  constant IO_IDLE           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1110"; -- E

  constant IO_SYNC           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1111"; -- F

  constant IO_BIT0           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0000"; -- 0

  constant IO_BIT1           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0001"; -- 1

  constant IO_BIT2           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0010"; -- 2

  constant IO_BIT3           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0011"; -- 3

  constant IO_BIT4           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0100"; -- 4

  constant IO_BIT5           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0101"; -- 5

  constant IO_BIT6           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0110"; -- 6

  constant IO_BIT7           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0111"; -- 7

  constant IO_PARI           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1000"; -- 8

  constant IO_STOP           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1001"; -- 9

  constant IO_DONE           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1010"; -- A

begin

  Rx_Perr                    <= Rx_PErr_int;

  UART_Regs: process( Clock, Reset )

  begin

    if( Reset = Reset_Level )then

      Rx_In_SR               <= (others => '0');

      Rx_State               <= IO_IDLE;

      Rx_Baud_Cntr           <= (others => '0');

      Rx_Buffer              <= (others => '0');

      Rx_Parity              <= '0';

      Rx_Data                <= (others => '0');

      Rx_Valid               <= '0';

      Rx_PErr_int            <= '0';

    elsif( rising_edge(Clock) )then

      Rx_In_SR               <= Rx_In_SR(2 downto 0) & Rx_In;

      Rx_Valid               <= '0';

      case( Rx_State )is

        when IO_STRT =>

          if( Rx_In_Q = '1' )then

            Rx_State         <= Rx_State + 1;

          end if;

        when IO_IDLE =>

          Rx_Baud_Cntr       <= HALF_PERIOD;

          Rx_Parity          <= Parity_Odd_Even_n;

          if( Rx_In_Q = '0' )then

            Rx_State         <= Rx_State + 1;

          end if;

        when IO_SYNC =>

          Rx_Baud_Cntr       <= Rx_Baud_Cntr - 1;

          if( Rx_Baud_Cntr = 0)then

            Rx_Baud_Cntr     <= FULL_PERIOD;

            Rx_State         <= Rx_State + 1;

            if( Rx_In_Q = '1' )then -- RxD going low was spurious

              Rx_State       <= IO_IDLE;

            end if;

          end if;

        when IO_BIT0 | IO_BIT1 | IO_BIT2 | IO_BIT3 |

             IO_BIT4 | IO_BIT5 | IO_BIT6 | IO_BIT7 =>

          Rx_Baud_Cntr       <= Rx_Baud_Cntr - 1;

          if( Rx_Baud_Cntr = 0 )then

            Rx_Baud_Cntr     <= FULL_PERIOD;

            Rx_Buffer(conv_integer(Rx_Bit_Sel)) <= Rx_In_Q;

            if( Enable_Parity )then

              Rx_Parity      <= Rx_Parity xor Rx_In_Q;

              Rx_State       <= Rx_State + 1;

            else

              Rx_PErr_int    <= '0';

              Rx_State       <= Rx_State + 2;

            end if;

          end if;

        when IO_PARI =>

          Rx_Baud_Cntr       <= Rx_Baud_Cntr - 1;

          if( Rx_Baud_Cntr = 0 )then

            Rx_Baud_Cntr     <= FULL_PERIOD;

            Rx_PErr_int      <= Rx_Parity xor Rx_In_Q;

            Rx_State         <= Rx_State + 1;

          end if;

        when IO_STOP =>

          Rx_Baud_Cntr       <= Rx_Baud_Cntr - 1;

          if( Rx_Baud_Cntr = 0 )then

            Rx_State         <= Rx_State + 1;

          end if;

        when IO_DONE =>

          Rx_Data            <= Rx_Buffer;

          Rx_Valid           <= not Rx_PErr_int;

          Rx_State           <= Rx_State + 1;

        when others =>

          Rx_State           <= IO_IDLE;

      end case;

    end if;

  end process;

end architecture;