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-- Copyright (c)2006, 2016, 2020 Jeremy Seth Henry

-- All rights reserved.

--

-- Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

-- modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

--     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

--       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

--     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

--       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

--       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution,

--       where applicable (as part of a user interface, debugging port, etc.)

--

-- THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JEREMY SETH HENRY ``AS IS'' AND ANY

-- EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

-- WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE

-- DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JEREMY SETH HENRY BE LIABLE FOR ANY

-- DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES

-- (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;

-- LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND

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-- (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF

-- THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

--

-- VHDL Units :  async_ser_tx

-- Description:  Asynchronous transmitter wired for 8[N/E/O]1 data. Parity mode

--                and bit rate are set with generics.

--

-- Note: The baud rate generator will produce an approximate frequency. The

--        final bit rate should be within +/- 1% of the true bit rate to

--        ensure the receiver can successfully receive. With a sufficiently

--        high core clock, this is generally achievable for common PC serial

--        data rates.

--

-- Revision History

-- Author          Date     Change

------------------ -------- ---------------------------------------------------

-- Seth Henry      04/14/20 Code cleanup and revision section added

-- Seth Henry      09/13/21 Fixed inverted parity bit

library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;

use ieee.std_logic_misc.all;

entity async_ser_tx is

generic(

  Reset_Level                : std_logic;

  Enable_Parity              : boolean;

  Parity_Odd_Even_n          : std_logic;

  Clock_Divider              : integer

);

port(

  Clock                      : in  std_logic;

  Reset                      : in  std_logic;

  --

  Tx_Data                    : in  std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

  Tx_Valid                   : in  std_logic;

  --

  Tx_Out                     : out std_logic;

  Tx_Done                    : out std_logic

);

end entity;

architecture behave of async_ser_tx is

  -- The ceil_log2 function returns the minimum register width required to

  --  hold the supplied integer.

  function ceil_log2 (x : in natural) return natural is

    variable retval          : natural;

  begin

    retval                   := 1;

    while ((2**retval) - 1) < x loop

      retval                 := retval + 1;

    end loop;

    return retval;

  end ceil_log2;

  constant Tick_Base         : integer := Clock_Divider - 1;

  constant Tick_Bits         : integer := ceil_log2(Tick_Base);

  constant TICK_DIV          : std_logic_vector(Tick_Bits - 1 downto 0) :=

                                 conv_std_logic_vector(Tick_Base, Tick_Bits);

  signal Tick_Cntr           : std_logic_vector(Tick_Bits - 1 downto 0) :=

                                 (others => '0');

  signal Tick_Trig           : std_logic := '0';

  signal Tx_Enable           : std_logic := '0';

  signal Tx_Buffer           : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0) := x"00";

  signal Tx_Parity           : std_logic := '0';

  signal Tx_State            : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := x"0";

  alias  Tx_Bit_Sel          is Tx_State(2 downto 0);

  -- State machine definitions

  constant IO_RSV0           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1011"; -- B

  constant IO_RSV1           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1100"; -- C

  constant IO_RSV2           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1101"; -- D

  constant IO_IDLE           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1110"; -- E

  constant IO_STRT           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1111"; -- F

  constant IO_BIT0           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0000"; -- 0

  constant IO_BIT1           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0001"; -- 1

  constant IO_BIT2           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0010"; -- 2

  constant IO_BIT3           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0011"; -- 3

  constant IO_BIT4           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0100"; -- 4

  constant IO_BIT5           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0101"; -- 5

  constant IO_BIT6           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0110"; -- 6

  constant IO_BIT7           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "0111"; -- 7

  constant IO_PARI           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1000"; -- 8

  constant IO_STOP           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1001"; -- 9

  constant IO_DONE           : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) := "1010"; -- A

begin

  UART_Regs: process( Clock, Reset )

  begin

    if( Reset = Reset_Level )then

      Tick_Cntr              <= (others => '0');

      Tick_Trig              <= '0';

      Tx_State               <= IO_IDLE;

      Tx_Enable              <= '0';

      Tx_Buffer              <= (others => '0');

      if( Enable_Parity )then

        Tx_Parity            <= '0';

      end if;

      Tx_Out                 <= '1';

      Tx_Done                <= '0';

    elsif( rising_edge(Clock) )then

      Tick_Cntr              <= (others => '0');

      Tick_Trig              <= '0';

      if( Tx_Enable = '1' )then

        Tick_Cntr            <= Tick_Cntr - 1;

        Tick_Trig            <= '0';

        if( or_reduce(Tick_Cntr) = '0' )then

          Tick_Cntr          <= TICK_DIV;

          Tick_Trig          <= '1';

        end if;

      end if;

      if( Tx_Valid = '1' )then

        Tx_Buffer            <= Tx_Data;

        Tx_Enable            <= '1';

      end if;

      Tx_State               <= Tx_State + Tick_Trig;

      Tx_Done                <= '0';

      Tx_Out                 <= '1';

      case( Tx_State )is

        when IO_IDLE =>

          if( Enable_Parity )then

            Tx_Parity        <= not Parity_Odd_Even_n;

          end if;

        when IO_STRT =>

          Tx_Out             <= '0';

        when IO_BIT0 | IO_BIT1 | IO_BIT2 | IO_BIT3 |

             IO_BIT4 | IO_BIT5 | IO_BIT6 | IO_BIT7 =>

          Tx_Out             <= Tx_Buffer(conv_integer(Tx_Bit_Sel));

          if( Tick_Trig = '1' and Enable_Parity )then

            Tx_Parity        <= Tx_Parity xor Tx_Buffer(conv_integer(Tx_Bit_Sel));

          end if;

        when IO_PARI =>

          if( Enable_Parity )then

            Tx_Out           <= Tx_Parity;

          end if;

        when IO_STOP =>

        when IO_DONE =>

          Tx_Done            <= '1';

          Tx_Enable          <= '0';

          Tx_State           <= IO_IDLE;

        when others =>

      end case;

      if( Tx_Enable = '0' )then

        Tx_State             <= IO_IDLE;

      end if;

    end if;

  end process;

end architecture;