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@c The GNU Free Documentation License.
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@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
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@c This file is intended to be included within another document,
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@c hence no sectioning command or @node.
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@display
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Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@uref{http://fsf.org/}
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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@end display
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@enumerate 0
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@item
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PREAMBLE
18
 
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The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
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assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
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with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
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Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
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to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
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for modifications made by others.
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This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
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works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
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complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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license designed for free software.
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We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
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principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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40
@item
41
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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43
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
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contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
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world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
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work under the conditions stated herein.  The ``Document'', below,
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refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
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licensee, and is addressed as ``you''.  You accept the license if you
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copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
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under copyright law.
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A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
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Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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modifications and/or translated into another language.
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A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
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of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
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publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
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subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
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part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
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any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
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connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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them.
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The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
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section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
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allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
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Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
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Sections then there are none.
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The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
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be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
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A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
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to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
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or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
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An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
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of text.  A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification.  Examples
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read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
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not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
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PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
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output purposes only.
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The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
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formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
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the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies
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of the Document to the public.
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117
A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
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title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
119
text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
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specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
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``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.)  To ``Preserve the Title''
122
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
123
section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
124
 
125
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
126
states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
127
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
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License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
129
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
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no effect on the meaning of this License.
131
 
132
@item
133
VERBATIM COPYING
134
 
135
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
137
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
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technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
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compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
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number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
144
 
145
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
146
you may publicly display copies.
147
 
148
@item
149
COPYING IN QUANTITY
150
 
151
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
152
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
153
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
154
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
155
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
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the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
160
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
161
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
162
as verbatim copying in other respects.
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164
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
165
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
166
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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pages.
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169
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
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copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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a computer-network location from which the general network-using
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public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
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a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
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If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
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when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
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that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
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location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
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Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
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edition to the public.
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182
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
184
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
185
 
186
@item
187
MODIFICATIONS
188
 
189
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
190
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
191
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
192
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
193
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
194
of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
195
 
196
@enumerate A
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@item
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Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
199
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
200
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
201
of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
202
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
203
 
204
@item
205
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
206
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
209
unless they release you from this requirement.
210
 
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@item
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State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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Modified Version, as the publisher.
214
 
215
@item
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Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
217
 
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@item
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Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
220
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
221
 
222
@item
223
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
224
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
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terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
226
 
227
@item
228
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
229
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
230
 
231
@item
232
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
233
 
234
@item
235
Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
236
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
237
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
238
there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
239
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
240
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
241
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
242
 
243
@item
244
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
245
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
246
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
247
it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
248
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
249
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
250
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
251
 
252
@item
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For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
254
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
255
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
256
dedications given therein.
257
 
258
@item
259
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
260
unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
261
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
262
 
263
@item
264
Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
265
may not be included in the Modified Version.
266
 
267
@item
268
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
269
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
270
 
271
@item
272
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
273
@end enumerate
274
 
275
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
276
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
277
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
278
of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
279
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
280
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
281
 
282
You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
283
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
284
parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
285
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
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standard.
287
 
288
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
289
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
290
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
291
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
292
through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
293
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
295
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
296
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
299
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
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imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
301
 
302
@item
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COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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305
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
306
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
307
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
308
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
309
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
310
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
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312
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
313
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
314
copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
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different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
316
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
317
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
318
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
320
 
321
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
322
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
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``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
324
and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all
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sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
326
 
327
@item
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COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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330
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
331
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
332
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
333
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
334
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
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336
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
337
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
338
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
339
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
340
 
341
@item
342
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
343
 
344
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
345
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
346
distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
347
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
348
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
349
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
350
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
351
derivative works of the Document.
352
 
353
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
354
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
355
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
356
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
357
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
358
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
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aggregate.
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@item
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TRANSLATION
363
 
364
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
365
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
366
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
367
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
368
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
369
original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
370
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
371
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
372
the original English version of this License and the original versions
373
of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
374
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
375
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
376
 
377
If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
378
``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
379
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
380
title.
381
 
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@item
383
TERMINATION
384
 
385
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
386
except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
387
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
388
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
389
 
390
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
391
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
392
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
393
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
394
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
395
60 days after the cessation.
396
 
397
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
398
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
399
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
400
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
401
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
402
your receipt of the notice.
403
 
404
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
405
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
406
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
407
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
408
not give you any rights to use it.
409
 
410
@item
411
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
412
 
413
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
414
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
415
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
416
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
417
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
418
 
419
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
420
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
421
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
422
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
423
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
424
Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
425
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
426
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
427
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
428
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
429
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
430
Document.
431
 
432
@item
433
RELICENSING
434
 
435
``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
436
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
437
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
438
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.  A
439
``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
440
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
441
site.
442
 
443
``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
444
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
445
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
446
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
447
published by that same organization.
448
 
449
``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
450
in part, as part of another Document.
451
 
452
An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
453
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
454
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
455
or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
456
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
457
 
458
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
459
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
460
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
461
 
462
@end enumerate
463
 
464
@page
465
@heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
466
 
467
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
468
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
469
license notices just after the title page:
470
 
471
@smallexample
472
@group
473
  Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
474
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
475
  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
476
  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
477
  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
478
  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
479
  Free Documentation License''.
480
@end group
481
@end smallexample
482
 
483
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
484
replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
485
 
486
@smallexample
487
@group
488
    with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
489
    the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
490
    being @var{list}.
491
@end group
492
@end smallexample
493
 
494
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
495
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
496
situation.
497
 
498
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
499
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
500
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
501
to permit their use in free software.
502
 
503
@c Local Variables:
504
@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
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@c End:
506
 

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