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/* hist.c  -  Histogram related operations.

   Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009

   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GNU Binutils.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or

   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA

   02110-1301, USA.  */

#include "gprof.h"

#include "libiberty.h"

#include "search_list.h"

#include "source.h"

#include "symtab.h"

#include "corefile.h"

#include "gmon_io.h"

#include "gmon_out.h"

#include "hist.h"

#include "sym_ids.h"

#include "utils.h"

#include "math.h"

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#define UNITS_TO_CODE (offset_to_code / sizeof(UNIT))

static void scale_and_align_entries (void);

static void print_header (int);

static void print_line (Sym *, double);

static int cmp_time (const PTR, const PTR);

/* Declarations of automatically generated functions to output blurbs.  */

extern void flat_blurb (FILE * fp);

static histogram *find_histogram (bfd_vma lowpc, bfd_vma highpc);

static histogram *find_histogram_for_pc (bfd_vma pc);

histogram * histograms;

unsigned num_histograms;

double hist_scale;

static char hist_dimension[16] = "seconds";

static char hist_dimension_abbrev = 's';

static double accum_time;       /* Accumulated time so far for print_line(). */

static double total_time;       /* Total time for all routines.  */

/* Table of SI prefixes for powers of 10 (used to automatically

   scale some of the values in the flat profile).  */

const struct

  {

    char prefix;

    double scale;

  }

SItab[] =

{

  { 'T', 1e-12 },                               /* tera */

  { 'G', 1e-09 },                               /* giga */

  { 'M', 1e-06 },                               /* mega */

  { 'K', 1e-03 },                               /* kilo */

  { ' ', 1e-00 },

  { 'm', 1e+03 },                               /* milli */

  { 'u', 1e+06 },                               /* micro */

  { 'n', 1e+09 },                               /* nano */

  { 'p', 1e+12 },                               /* pico */

  { 'f', 1e+15 },                               /* femto */

  { 'a', 1e+18 }                                /* ato */

};

/* Reads just the header part of histogram record into

   *RECORD from IFP.  FILENAME is the name of IFP and

   is provided for formatting error messages only.

   If FIRST is non-zero, sets global variables HZ, HIST_DIMENSION,

   HIST_DIMENSION_ABBREV, HIST_SCALE.  If FIRST is zero, checks

   that the new histogram is compatible with already-set values

   of those variables and emits an error if that's not so.  */

static void

read_histogram_header (histogram *record,

                       FILE *ifp, const char *filename,

                       int first)

{

  unsigned int profrate;

  char n_hist_dimension[15];

  char n_hist_dimension_abbrev;

  double n_hist_scale;

  if (gmon_io_read_vma (ifp, &record->lowpc)

      || gmon_io_read_vma (ifp, &record->highpc)

      || gmon_io_read_32 (ifp, &record->num_bins)

      || gmon_io_read_32 (ifp, &profrate)

      || gmon_io_read (ifp, n_hist_dimension, 15)

      || gmon_io_read (ifp, &n_hist_dimension_abbrev, 1))

    {

      fprintf (stderr, _("%s: %s: unexpected end of file\n"),

               whoami, filename);

      done (1);

    }

  n_hist_scale = (double)((record->highpc - record->lowpc) / sizeof (UNIT))

    / record->num_bins;

  if (first)

    {

      /* We don't try to veryfy profrate is the same for all histogram

         records.  If we have two histogram records for the same

         address range and profiling samples is done as often

         as possible as opposed on timer, then the actual profrate will

         be slightly different.  Most of the time the difference does not

         matter and insisting that profiling rate is exactly the same

         will only create inconvenient.  */

      hz = profrate;

      memcpy (hist_dimension, n_hist_dimension, 15);

      hist_dimension_abbrev = n_hist_dimension_abbrev;

      hist_scale = n_hist_scale;

    }

  else

    {

      if (strncmp (n_hist_dimension, hist_dimension, 15) != 0)

        {

          fprintf (stderr,

                   _("%s: dimension unit changed between histogram records\n"

                     "%s: from '%s'\n"

                     "%s: to '%s'\n"),

                   whoami, whoami, hist_dimension, whoami, n_hist_dimension);

          done (1);

        }

      if (n_hist_dimension_abbrev != hist_dimension_abbrev)

        {

          fprintf (stderr,

                   _("%s: dimension abbreviation changed between histogram records\n"

                     "%s: from '%c'\n"

                     "%s: to '%c'\n"),

                   whoami, whoami, hist_dimension_abbrev, whoami, n_hist_dimension_abbrev);

          done (1);

        }

      /* The only reason we require the same scale for histograms is that

         there's code (notably printing code), that prints units,

         and it would be very confusing to have one unit mean different

         things for different functions.  */

      if (fabs (hist_scale - n_hist_scale) > 0.000001)

        {

          fprintf (stderr,

                   _("%s: different scales in histogram records"),

                   whoami);

          done (1);

        }

    }

}

/* Read the histogram from file IFP.  FILENAME is the name of IFP and

   is provided for formatting error messages only.  */

void

hist_read_rec (FILE * ifp, const char *filename)

{

  bfd_vma lowpc, highpc;

  histogram n_record;

  histogram *record, *existing_record;

  unsigned i;

  /* 1. Read the header and see if there's existing record for the

     same address range and that there are no overlapping records.  */

  read_histogram_header (&n_record, ifp, filename, num_histograms == 0);

  existing_record = find_histogram (n_record.lowpc, n_record.highpc);

  if (existing_record)

    {

      record = existing_record;

    }

  else

    {

      /* If this record overlaps, but does not completely match an existing

         record, it's an error.  */

      lowpc = n_record.lowpc;

      highpc = n_record.highpc;

      hist_clip_symbol_address (&lowpc, &highpc);

      if (lowpc != highpc)

        {

          fprintf (stderr,

                   _("%s: overlapping histogram records\n"),

                   whoami);

          done (1);

        }

      /* This is new record.  Add it to global array and allocate space for

         the samples.  */

      histograms = (struct histogram *)

          xrealloc (histograms, sizeof (histogram) * (num_histograms + 1));

      memcpy (histograms + num_histograms,

              &n_record, sizeof (histogram));

      record = &histograms[num_histograms];

      ++num_histograms;

      record->sample = (int *) xmalloc (record->num_bins

                                        * sizeof (record->sample[0]));

      memset (record->sample, 0, record->num_bins * sizeof (record->sample[0]));

    }

  /* 2. We have either a new record (with zeroed histogram data), or an existing

     record with some data in the histogram already.  Read new data into the

     record, adding hit counts.  */

  DBG (SAMPLEDEBUG,

       printf ("[hist_read_rec] n_lowpc 0x%lx n_highpc 0x%lx ncnt %u\n",

               (unsigned long) record->lowpc, (unsigned long) record->highpc,

               record->num_bins));

  for (i = 0; i < record->num_bins; ++i)

    {

      UNIT count;

      if (fread (&count[0], sizeof (count), 1, ifp) != 1)

        {

          fprintf (stderr,

                  _("%s: %s: unexpected EOF after reading %u of %u samples\n"),

                   whoami, filename, i, record->num_bins);

          done (1);

        }

      record->sample[i] += bfd_get_16 (core_bfd, (bfd_byte *) & count[0]);

      DBG (SAMPLEDEBUG,

           printf ("[hist_read_rec] 0x%lx: %u\n",

                   (unsigned long) (record->lowpc

                                    + i * (record->highpc - record->lowpc)

                                    / record->num_bins),

                   record->sample[i]));

    }

}

/* Write all execution histograms file OFP.  FILENAME is the name

   of OFP and is provided for formatting error-messages only.  */

void

hist_write_hist (FILE * ofp, const char *filename)

{

  UNIT count;

  unsigned int i, r;

  for (r = 0; r < num_histograms; ++r)

    {

      histogram *record = &histograms[r];

      /* Write header.  */

      if (gmon_io_write_8 (ofp, GMON_TAG_TIME_HIST)

          || gmon_io_write_vma (ofp, record->lowpc)

          || gmon_io_write_vma (ofp, record->highpc)

          || gmon_io_write_32 (ofp, record->num_bins)

          || gmon_io_write_32 (ofp, hz)

          || gmon_io_write (ofp, hist_dimension, 15)

          || gmon_io_write (ofp, &hist_dimension_abbrev, 1))

        {

          perror (filename);

          done (1);

        }

      for (i = 0; i < record->num_bins; ++i)

        {

          bfd_put_16 (core_bfd, (bfd_vma) record->sample[i], (bfd_byte *) &count[0]);

          if (fwrite (&count[0], sizeof (count), 1, ofp) != 1)

            {

              perror (filename);

              done (1);

            }

        }

    }

}

/* Calculate scaled entry point addresses (to save time in

   hist_assign_samples), and, on architectures that have procedure

   entry masks at the start of a function, possibly push the scaled

   entry points over the procedure entry mask, if it turns out that

   the entry point is in one bin and the code for a routine is in the

   next bin.  */

static void

scale_and_align_entries ()

{

  Sym *sym;

  bfd_vma bin_of_entry;

  bfd_vma bin_of_code;

  for (sym = symtab.base; sym < symtab.limit; sym++)

    {

      histogram *r = find_histogram_for_pc (sym->addr);

      sym->hist.scaled_addr = sym->addr / sizeof (UNIT);

      if (r)

        {

          bin_of_entry = (sym->hist.scaled_addr - r->lowpc) / hist_scale;

          bin_of_code = ((sym->hist.scaled_addr + UNITS_TO_CODE - r->lowpc)

                     / hist_scale);

          if (bin_of_entry < bin_of_code)

            {

              DBG (SAMPLEDEBUG,

                   printf ("[scale_and_align_entries] pushing 0x%lx to 0x%lx\n",

                           (unsigned long) sym->hist.scaled_addr,

                           (unsigned long) (sym->hist.scaled_addr

                                            + UNITS_TO_CODE)));

              sym->hist.scaled_addr += UNITS_TO_CODE;

            }

        }

    }

}

/* Assign samples to the symbol to which they belong.

   Histogram bin I covers some address range [BIN_LOWPC,BIN_HIGH_PC)

   which may overlap one more symbol address ranges.  If a symbol

   overlaps with the bin's address range by O percent, then O percent

   of the bin's count is credited to that symbol.

   There are three cases as to where BIN_LOW_PC and BIN_HIGH_PC can be

   with respect to the symbol's address range [SYM_LOW_PC,

   SYM_HIGH_PC) as shown in the following diagram.  OVERLAP computes

   the distance (in UNITs) between the arrows, the fraction of the

   sample that is to be credited to the symbol which starts at

   SYM_LOW_PC.

          sym_low_pc                                      sym_high_pc

               |                                               |

               v                                               v

               +-----------------------------------------------+

               |                                               |

          |  ->|    |<-         ->|         |<-         ->|    |<-  |

          |         |             |         |             |         |

          +---------+             +---------+             +---------+

          ^         ^             ^         ^             ^         ^

          |         |             |         |             |         |

     bin_low_pc bin_high_pc  bin_low_pc bin_high_pc  bin_low_pc bin_high_pc

   For the VAX we assert that samples will never fall in the first two

   bytes of any routine, since that is the entry mask, thus we call

   scale_and_align_entries() to adjust the entry points if the entry

   mask falls in one bin but the code for the routine doesn't start

   until the next bin.  In conjunction with the alignment of routine

   addresses, this should allow us to have only one sample for every

   four bytes of text space and never have any overlap (the two end

   cases, above).  */

static void

hist_assign_samples_1 (histogram *r)

{

  bfd_vma bin_low_pc, bin_high_pc;

  bfd_vma sym_low_pc, sym_high_pc;

  bfd_vma overlap, addr;

  unsigned int bin_count;

  unsigned int i, j, k;

  double count_time, credit;

  bfd_vma lowpc = r->lowpc / sizeof (UNIT);

  /* Iterate over all sample bins.  */

  for (i = 0, k = 1; i < r->num_bins; ++i)

    {

      bin_count = r->sample[i];

      if (! bin_count)

        continue;

      bin_low_pc = lowpc + (bfd_vma) (hist_scale * i);

      bin_high_pc = lowpc + (bfd_vma) (hist_scale * (i + 1));

      count_time = bin_count;

      DBG (SAMPLEDEBUG,

           printf (

      "[assign_samples] bin_low_pc=0x%lx, bin_high_pc=0x%lx, bin_count=%u\n",

                    (unsigned long) (sizeof (UNIT) * bin_low_pc),

                    (unsigned long) (sizeof (UNIT) * bin_high_pc),

                    bin_count));

      total_time += count_time;

      /* Credit all symbols that are covered by bin I.

         PR gprof/13325: Make sure that K does not get decremented

         and J will never be less than 0.  */

      for (j = k - 1; j < symtab.len; k = ++j)

        {

          sym_low_pc = symtab.base[j].hist.scaled_addr;

          sym_high_pc = symtab.base[j + 1].hist.scaled_addr;

          /* If high end of bin is below entry address,

             go for next bin.  */

          if (bin_high_pc < sym_low_pc)

            break;

          /* If low end of bin is above high end of symbol,

             go for next symbol.  */

          if (bin_low_pc >= sym_high_pc)

            continue;

          overlap =

            MIN (bin_high_pc, sym_high_pc) - MAX (bin_low_pc, sym_low_pc);

          if (overlap > 0)

            {

              DBG (SAMPLEDEBUG,

                   printf (

               "[assign_samples] [0x%lx,0x%lx) %s gets %f ticks %ld overlap\n",

                           (unsigned long) symtab.base[j].addr,

                           (unsigned long) (sizeof (UNIT) * sym_high_pc),

                           symtab.base[j].name, overlap * count_time / hist_scale,

                           (long) overlap));

              addr = symtab.base[j].addr;

              credit = overlap * count_time / hist_scale;

              /* Credit symbol if it appears in INCL_FLAT or that

                 table is empty and it does not appear it in

                 EXCL_FLAT.  */

              if (sym_lookup (&syms[INCL_FLAT], addr)

                  || (syms[INCL_FLAT].len == 0

                      && !sym_lookup (&syms[EXCL_FLAT], addr)))

                {

                  symtab.base[j].hist.time += credit;

                }

              else

                {

                  total_time -= credit;

                }

            }

        }

    }

  DBG (SAMPLEDEBUG, printf ("[assign_samples] total_time %f\n",

                            total_time));

}

/* Calls 'hist_assign_sampes_1' for all histogram records read so far. */

void

hist_assign_samples ()

{

  unsigned i;

  scale_and_align_entries ();

  for (i = 0; i < num_histograms; ++i)

    hist_assign_samples_1 (&histograms[i]);

}

/* Print header for flag histogram profile.  */

static void

print_header (int prefix)

{

  char unit[64];

  sprintf (unit, _("%c%c/call"), prefix, hist_dimension_abbrev);

  if (bsd_style_output)

    {

      printf (_("\ngranularity: each sample hit covers %ld byte(s)"),

              (long) hist_scale * (long) sizeof (UNIT));

      if (total_time > 0.0)

        {

          printf (_(" for %.2f%% of %.2f %s\n\n"),

                  100.0 / total_time, total_time / hz, hist_dimension);

        }

    }

  else

    {

      printf (_("\nEach sample counts as %g %s.\n"), 1.0 / hz, hist_dimension);

    }

  if (total_time <= 0.0)

    {

      printf (_(" no time accumulated\n\n"));

      /* This doesn't hurt since all the numerators will be zero.  */

      total_time = 1.0;

    }

  printf ("%5.5s %10.10s %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s  %-8.8s\n",

          "%  ", _("cumulative"), _("self  "), "", _("self  "), _("total "),

          "");

  printf ("%5.5s %9.9s  %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s  %-8.8s\n",

          _("time"), hist_dimension, hist_dimension, _("calls"), unit, unit,

          _("name"));

}

static void

print_line (Sym *sym, double scale)

{

  if (ignore_zeros && sym->ncalls == 0 && sym->hist.time == 0)

    return;

  accum_time += sym->hist.time;

  if (bsd_style_output)

    printf ("%5.1f %10.2f %8.2f",

            total_time > 0.0 ? 100 * sym->hist.time / total_time : 0.0,

            accum_time / hz, sym->hist.time / hz);

  else

    printf ("%6.2f %9.2f %8.2f",

            total_time > 0.0 ? 100 * sym->hist.time / total_time : 0.0,

            accum_time / hz, sym->hist.time / hz);

  if (sym->ncalls != 0)

    printf (" %8lu %8.2f %8.2f  ",

            sym->ncalls, scale * sym->hist.time / hz / sym->ncalls,

            scale * (sym->hist.time + sym->cg.child_time) / hz / sym->ncalls);

  else

    printf (" %8.8s %8.8s %8.8s  ", "", "", "");

  if (bsd_style_output)

    print_name (sym);

  else

    print_name_only (sym);

  printf ("\n");

}

/* Compare LP and RP.  The primary comparison key is execution time,

   the secondary is number of invocation, and the tertiary is the

   lexicographic order of the function names.  */

static int

cmp_time (const PTR lp, const PTR rp)

{

  const Sym *left = *(const Sym **) lp;

  const Sym *right = *(const Sym **) rp;

  double time_diff;

  time_diff = right->hist.time - left->hist.time;

  if (time_diff > 0.0)

    return 1;

  if (time_diff < 0.0)

    return -1;

  if (right->ncalls > left->ncalls)

    return 1;

  if (right->ncalls < left->ncalls)

    return -1;

  return strcmp (left->name, right->name);

}

/* Print the flat histogram profile.  */

void

hist_print ()

{

  Sym **time_sorted_syms, *top_dog, *sym;

  unsigned int sym_index;

  unsigned log_scale;

  double top_time;

  bfd_vma addr;

  if (first_output)

    first_output = FALSE;

  else

    printf ("\f\n");

  accum_time = 0.0;

  if (bsd_style_output)

    {

      if (print_descriptions)

        {

          printf (_("\n\n\nflat profile:\n"));

          flat_blurb (stdout);

        }

    }

  else

    {

      printf (_("Flat profile:\n"));

    }

  /* Sort the symbol table by time (call-count and name as secondary

     and tertiary keys).  */

  time_sorted_syms = (Sym **) xmalloc (symtab.len * sizeof (Sym *));

  for (sym_index = 0; sym_index < symtab.len; ++sym_index)

    time_sorted_syms[sym_index] = &symtab.base[sym_index];

  qsort (time_sorted_syms, symtab.len, sizeof (Sym *), cmp_time);

  if (bsd_style_output)

    {

      log_scale = 5;            /* Milli-seconds is BSD-default.  */

    }

  else

    {

      /* Search for symbol with highest per-call

         execution time and scale accordingly.  */

      log_scale = 0;

      top_dog = 0;

      top_time = 0.0;

      for (sym_index = 0; sym_index < symtab.len; ++sym_index)

        {

          sym = time_sorted_syms[sym_index];

          if (sym->ncalls != 0)

            {

              double call_time;

              call_time = (sym->hist.time + sym->cg.child_time) / sym->ncalls;

              if (call_time > top_time)

                {

                  top_dog = sym;

                  top_time = call_time;

                }

            }

        }

      if (top_dog && top_dog->ncalls != 0 && top_time > 0.0)

        {

          top_time /= hz;

          for (log_scale = 0; log_scale < ARRAY_SIZE (SItab); log_scale ++)

            {

              double scaled_value = SItab[log_scale].scale * top_time;

              if (scaled_value >= 1.0 && scaled_value < 1000.0)

                break;

            }

        }

    }

  /* For now, the dimension is always seconds.  In the future, we

     may also want to support other (pseudo-)dimensions (such as

     I-cache misses etc.).  */

  print_header (SItab[log_scale].prefix);

  for (sym_index = 0; sym_index < symtab.len; ++sym_index)

    {

      addr = time_sorted_syms[sym_index]->addr;

      /* Print symbol if its in INCL_FLAT table or that table

        is empty and the symbol is not in EXCL_FLAT.  */

      if (sym_lookup (&syms[INCL_FLAT], addr)

          || (syms[INCL_FLAT].len == 0

              && !sym_lookup (&syms[EXCL_FLAT], addr)))

        print_line (time_sorted_syms[sym_index], SItab[log_scale].scale);

    }

  free (time_sorted_syms);

  if (print_descriptions && !bsd_style_output)

    flat_blurb (stdout);

}