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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>openMSP430 Core</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h3>Table of content</h3>
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<ul>
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        <li><a href="#1. Introduction">1. Introduction</a></li>
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        <li><a href="#2. Design">      2. Design</a>
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        <ul>
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      <li><a href="#2.1 Core">        2.1 Core</a>
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                <ul>
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           <li><a href="#2.1.1 Design structure">              2.1.1 Design structure</a></li>
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           <li><a href="#2.1.2 Limitations">                   2.1.2 Limitations</a></li>
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           <li><a href="#2.1.3 Configuration">                 2.1.3 Configuration</a></li>
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           <li><a href="#2.1.4 Pinout">                        2.1.4 Pinout</a></li>
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           <li><a href="#2.1.5 Instruction Cycles and Lengths">2.1.5 Instruction Cycles and Lengths</a></li>
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           <li><a href="#2.1.6 Serial Debug Interface">        2.1.6 Serial Debug Interface</a></li>
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                </ul>
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           </li>
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      <li><a href="#2.2 Peripherals">        2.2 Peripherals</a>
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                <ul>
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           <li><a href="#2.2.1 Basic Clock Module">            2.2.1 Basic Clock Module</a></li>
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           <li><a href="#2.2.2 Watchdog Timer">                2.2.2 Watchdog Timer</a></li>
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           <li><a href="#2.2.3 Digital I/O">                   2.2.3 Digital I/O</a></li>
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           <li><a href="#2.2.4 Timer A">                       2.2.4 Timer A</a></li>
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                </ul>
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           </li>
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        </ul>
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        </li>
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</ul>
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<a name="1. Introduction"></a>
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<h1>1. Introduction</h1>
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The openMSP430 is a 16-bit microcontroller core compatible with TI's MSP430 family (note that the extended version of the architecture, the MSP430X, isn't supported by this IP). It is based on a Von Neumann architecture, with a single address space for instructions and data.
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<br /><br />
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This design has been implemented to be FPGA friendly. Therefore, the core doesn't contain any clock gate and has only a single clock domain. As a consequence, the clock management block has a few limitations.
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<br /><br />
41
This IP doesn't contain the instruction and data memory blocks internally (these are technology dependent hard macros which are connected to the IP during chip integration).
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However the core is fully configurable in regard to the supported RAM and/or ROM sizes.
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<br /><br />
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In addition to the CPU core itself, several peripherals are also provided and can be easily connected to the core during integration.
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<br /><br />
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47
<a name="2. Design"></a>
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<h1>2. Design</h1>
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50
<a name="2.1 Core"></a>
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<h2>2.1 Core</h2>
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53
<a name="2.1.1 Design structure"></a>
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<h3>2.1.1 Design structure</h3>
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56
The following diagram shows the openMSP430 design structure:
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<br /><br />
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<img src="getimg.php?1262105776" width="100%" alt="CPU Structure" title="CPU Structure" />
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<br />
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<ul>
61
        <li><b>Frontend</b>: This module performs the instruction Fetch and Decode tasks. It also contains the execution state machine.</li>
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        <li><b>Execution unit</b>: Containing the ALU and the register file, this module executes the current decoded instruction according to the execution state.</li>
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        <li><b>Serial Debug Interface</b>: Contains all the required logic for a Nexus class 3 debugging unit (without trace). Communication with the host is done with a standard 8N1 serial interface.</li>
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   <li><b>Memory backbone</b>: This block performs a simple arbitration between the frontend and execution-unit for program, data and peripheral memory access.</li>
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   <li><b>Basic Clock Module</b>: Generates the ACLK and SMCLK enable signals.</li>
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   <li><b>SFRs</b>: The <b>S</b>pecial <b>F</b>unction <b>R</b>egister<b>s</b> block contain diverse configuration registers (NMI, Watchdog, ...).</li>
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   <li><b>Watchdog</b>: Although it is a peripheral, the watchdog is permanently included in the core because of its tight links with the NMI interrupts and the PUC reset generation.</li>
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</ul>
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70
<a name="2.1.2 Limitations"></a>
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<h3>2.1.2 Limitations</h3>
72
 
73
The known core limitations are the following:
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<br />
75
<ul>
76
        <li>Instructions can't be executed from the data memory.</li>
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        <li>SCG0 is not implemented (turns off DCO).</li>
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        <li>MCLK can't be divided and can only have DCO_CLK as source (see <a href="#2.2.1 Basic Clock Module">Basic Clock Module</a> section).</li>
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</ul>
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81
<a name="2.1.3 Configuration"></a>
82
<h3>2.1.3 Configuration</h3>
83
 
84
It is possible to configure the openMSP430 core through the "openMSP430_defines.v" file located in the "rtl" directory (see <a href="http://www.opencores.org/project,openmsp430,file%20and%20directory%20description">file and directory description</a>).<br />
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Two parameters can be adjusted by the user in order to define the program and data memory sizes:
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<br /><br />
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="35"></td>
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<td bgcolor="#d0d0d0" width="3"></td>
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<td width="15"></td>
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<td>
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        <code>
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                      // Program Memory Size
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                <br />//                    9 ->  1 kB
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                <br />//                   10 ->  2 kB
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                <br />//                   11 ->  4 kB
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                <br />//                   12 ->  8 kB
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                <br />//                   13 -> 16 kB
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                <br />//                   14 -> 32 kB
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                <br />`define PMEM_AWIDTH   10
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                <br />
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                <br />// Data Memory Size
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                <br />//                    6 ->  128 B
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                <br />//                    7 ->  256 B
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                <br />//                    8 ->  512 B
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                <br />//                    9 ->    1 kB
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                <br />//                   10 ->    2 kB
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                <br />//                   11 ->    4 kB
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                <br />//                   12 ->    8 kB
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                <br />//                   13 ->   16 kB
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                <br />//                   14 ->   32 kB
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                <br />`define DMEM_AWIDTH    6
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        </code>
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</td>
116
</tr>
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</table>
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<br /><br />
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<b>Note:</b> Program and data memories <b>SHOULD NOT</b> be both set to 32 kB
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<br /><br /><br />
121
The following parameters define if the debug interface should be included or not and how many hardware breakpoint units should be included.
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<br /><br />
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<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="35"></td>
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<td bgcolor="#d0d0d0" width="3"></td>
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<td width="15"></td>
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<td>
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        <code>
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            //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
132
                <br />// REMOTE DEBUGGING INTERFACE CONFIGURATION
133
                <br />//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
134
                <br />
135
                <br />// Include Debug interface
136
                <br />`define DBG_EN
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                <br />
138
                <br />// Debug interface selection
139
                <br />//             `define DBG_UART -> Enable UART (8N1) debug interface
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                <br />//             `define DBG_JTAG -> DON'T UNCOMMENT, NOT SUPPORTED
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                <br />//
142
                <br />`define DBG_UART
143
                <br />//`define DBG_JTAG
144
                <br />
145
                <br />// Number of hardware breakpoints (each unit contains 2 hw address breakpoints)
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                <br />//             `define DBG_HWBRK_0 -> Include hardware breakpoints unit 0
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                <br />//             `define DBG_HWBRK_1 -> Include hardware breakpoints unit 1
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                <br />//             `define DBG_HWBRK_2 -> Include hardware breakpoints unit 2
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                <br />//             `define DBG_HWBRK_3 -> Include hardware breakpoints unit 3
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                <br />//
151
                <br />`define  DBG_HWBRK_0
152
                <br />`define  DBG_HWBRK_1
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                <br />`define  DBG_HWBRK_2
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                <br />`define  DBG_HWBRK_3
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        </code>
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</td>
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</tr>
158
</table>
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<br /><br />
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<b>Note:</b> Since the hardware breakpoint units are relatively big, it is recommended to include as many as you plan to use. These units are particularly useful if your instruction memory is a ROM (i.e. when you can't use software breakpoints) or if you want to be able to stop the CPU whenever some particular data addresses are accessed.
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<br /><br /><br />
162
All remaining defines located in this file are system constants and should not be edited.
163
 
164
<a name="2.1.4 Pinout"></a>
165
<h3>2.1.4 Pinout</h3>
166
 
167
The full pinout of the openMSP430 core is provided in the following table:
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<br /><br />
169
<table border="1">
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        <tr> <td align="center"><b>Port Name</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Direction</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Width</b>    </td> <td align="center"><b>Description</b></td> </tr>
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172
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Clocks</i></b>                         </td></tr>
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        <tr>
174
             <td> dco_clk                                                          </td>
175
             <td> Input                                                            </td>
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             <td> 1                                                                </td>
177
             <td> Fast oscillator (fast clock), CPU clock                          </td>
178
        </tr>
179
        <tr>
180
             <td> lfxt_clk                                                         </td>
181
             <td> Input                                                            </td>
182
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
183
             <td> Low frequency oscillator (typ. 32kHz)                            </td>
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   </tr>
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        <tr>
186
             <td> mclk                                                             </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> 1                                                                </td>
189
             <td> Main system clock                                                </td>
190
        </tr>
191
        <tr>
192
             <td> aclk_en                                                          </td>
193
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
194
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
195
             <td> ACLK enable                                                      </td>
196
   </tr>
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        <tr>
198
             <td> smclk_en                                                         </td>
199
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
200
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
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             <td> SMCLK enable                                                     </td>
202
   </tr>
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204
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Resets</i></b>                         </td></tr>
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        <tr>
206
             <td> puc                                                              </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> 1                                                                </td>
209
             <td> Main system reset                                                </td>
210
   </tr>
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        <tr>
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             <td> reset_n                                                          </td>
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             <td> Input                                                            </td>
214
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
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             <td> Reset Pin (low active)                                           </td>
216
        </tr>
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218
 
219
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Program Memory interface</i></b>       </td></tr>
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        <tr>
221
             <td> pmem_addr                                                        </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> `PMEM_AWIDTH<sup>1</sup>                                        </td>
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             <td> Program Memory address                                           </td>
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        </tr>
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        <tr>
227
             <td> pmem_cen                                                         </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> 1                                                                </td>
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             <td> Program Memory chip enable (low active)                          </td>
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        </tr>
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        <tr>
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             <td> pmem_din                                                         </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> 16                                                               </td>
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             <td> Program Memory data input (optional<sup>2</sup>)                </td>
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        </tr>
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        <tr>
239
             <td> pmem_dout                                                        </td>
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             <td> Input                                                            </td>
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             <td> 16                                                               </td>
242
             <td> Program Memory data output                                       </td>
243
        </tr>
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        <tr>
245
             <td> pmem_wen                                                         </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
247
             <td> 2                                                                </td>
248
             <td> Program Memory write enable (low active) (optional<sup>2</sup>) </td>
249
        </tr>
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251
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Data Memory interface</i></b>          </td></tr>
252
        <tr>
253
             <td> dmem_addr                                                        </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> `DMEM_AWIDTH<sup>1</sup>                                        </td>
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             <td> Data Memory address                                              </td>
257
        </tr>
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        <tr>
259
             <td> dmem_cen                                                         </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
261
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
262
             <td> Data Memory chip enable (low active)                             </td>
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        </tr>
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        <tr>
265
             <td> dmem_din                                                         </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> 16                                                               </td>
268
             <td> Data Memory data input                                           </td>
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        </tr>
270
        <tr>
271
             <td> dmem_dout                                                        </td>
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             <td> Input                                                            </td>
273
             <td> 16                                                               </td>
274
             <td> Data Memory data output                                          </td>
275
        </tr>
276
        <tr>
277
             <td> dmem_wen                                                         </td>
278
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
279
             <td> 2                                                                </td>
280
             <td> Data Memory write enable (low active)                            </td>
281
        </tr>
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283
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>External Peripherals interface</i></b> </td></tr>
284
        <tr>
285
             <td> per_addr                                                         </td>
286
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
287
             <td> 8                                                                </td>
288
             <td> Peripheral address                                               </td>
289
        </tr>
290
        <tr>
291
             <td> per_din                                                          </td>
292
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> 16                                                               </td>
294
             <td> Peripheral data input                                            </td>
295
   </tr>
296
        <tr>
297
             <td> per_dout                                                         </td>
298
             <td> Input                                                            </td>
299
             <td> 16                                                               </td>
300
             <td> Peripheral data output                                           </td>
301
        </tr>
302
        <tr>
303
             <td> per_en                                                           </td>
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             <td> Output                                                           </td>
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             <td> 1                                                                </td>
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             <td> Peripheral enable (high active)                                  </td>
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        </tr>
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        <tr>
309
             <td> per_wen                                                          </td>
310
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
311
             <td> 2                                                                </td>
312
             <td> Peripheral write enable (high active)                            </td>
313
        </tr>
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315
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Interrupts</i></b>                     </td></tr>
316
        <tr>
317
                  <td> irq                                                              </td>
318
                  <td> Input                                                            </td>
319
                  <td> 14                                                               </td>
320
                  <td> Maskable interrupts (one-hot signal)                             </td>
321
   </tr>
322
        <tr>
323
             <td> nmi                                                              </td>
324
             <td> Input                                                            </td>
325
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
326
             <td> Non-maskable interrupt (asynchronous)                            </td>
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        </tr>
328
        <tr>
329
             <td> irq_acc                                                          </td>
330
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
331
             <td> 14                                                               </td>
332
             <td> Interrupt request accepted (one-hot signal)                      </td>
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        </tr>
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335
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Serial Debug interface</i></b>         </td></tr>
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        <tr>
337
             <td> dbg_freeze                                                       </td>
338
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
339
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
340
             <td> Freeze peripherals                                               </td>
341
        </tr>
342
        <tr>
343
             <td> dbg_uart_txd                                                     </td>
344
             <td> Output                                                           </td>
345
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
346
             <td> Debug interface: UART TXD                                        </td>
347
        </tr>
348
        <tr>
349
             <td> dbg_uart_rxd                                                     </td>
350
             <td> Input                                                            </td>
351
             <td> 1                                                                </td>
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             <td> Debug interface: UART RXD                                        </td>
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        </tr>
354
</table>
355
<br />
356
<sup>1</sup>: This parameter is declared in the "openMSP430_defines.v" file and defines the RAM/ROM size.<br />
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<sup>2</sup>: These two optional ports can be connected whenever the program memory is a RAM. This will allow the user to load a program through the serial debug interface and to use software breakpoints.
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<br /><br />
359
 
360
<a name="2.1.5 Instruction Cycles and Lengths"></a>
361
<h3>2.1.5 Instruction Cycles and Lengths</h3>
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363
The number of CPU clock cycles required for an instruction depends on the instruction format and the addressing modes used, not the instruction itself.
364
<br />In the following tables, the number of clock cycles refers to the main clock (<i>MCLK</i>).
365
Differences with the original MSP430 are highlighted in green (the original value being red).
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<ul>
367
        <li><b>Interrupt and Reset Cycles</b></li>
368
</ul>
369
<table border="1">
370
        <tr> <td align="center"><b>Action</b>  </td> <td align="center"><b>No. of Cycles</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Length of Instruction</b></td> </tr>
371
        <tr> <td> Return from interrupt (RETI) </td> <td align="center">       5            </td> <td align="center">           1                </td> </tr>
372
        <tr> <td> Interrupt accepted           </td> <td align="center">       6            </td> <td align="center">           -                </td> </tr>
373
        <tr> <td> WDT reset                    </td> <td align="center">       4            </td> <td align="center">           -                </td> </tr>
374
        <tr> <td> Reset (!RST/NMI)             </td> <td align="center">       4            </td> <td align="center">           -                </td> </tr>
375
</table>
376
 
377
<ul>
378
        <li><b>Format-II (Single Operand) Instruction Cycles and Lengths</b></li>
379
</ul>
380
<table border="1">
381
        <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><b>Addressing Mode</b>  </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>No. of Cycles</b></td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><b>Length of Instruction</b></td> </tr>
382
        <tr>                                                              <td><b>RRA, RRC, SWPB, SXT</b></td> <td><b>PUSH</b></td> <td><b>CALL</b></td> </tr>
383
 
384
        <tr> <td align="center"> Rn    </td> <td align="center"> 1   </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> <td align="center"><b><font color="green">3 </font><font color="red"> (4)</font></b></td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
385
        <tr> <td align="center"> @Rn   </td> <td align="center"> 3   </td> <td align="center"> 4 </td> <td align="center"> 4 </td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
386
        <tr> <td align="center"> @Rn+  </td> <td align="center"> 3   </td> <td align="center"><b><font color="green">4 </font><font color="red"> (5)</font></b></td> <td align="center"><b><font color="green">4 </font><font color="red"> (5)</font></b></td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
387
        <tr> <td align="center"> #N    </td> <td align="center"> N/A </td> <td align="center"> 4 </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
388
        <tr> <td align="center"> X(Rn) </td> <td align="center"> 4   </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
389
        <tr> <td align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> 4   </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
390
        <tr> <td align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> 4   </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
391
</table>
392
 
393
<ul>
394
        <li><b>Format-III (Jump) Instruction Cycles and Lengths</b></li>
395
</ul>
396
All jump instructions require one code word, and take two CPU cycles to execute, regardless of whether the jump is taken or not.
397
 
398
<ul>
399
        <li><b>Format-I (Double Operand) Instruction Cycles and Lengths</b></li>
400
</ul>
401
<table border="1">
402
        <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Addressing Mode</b>  </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><b>No. of Cycles</b></td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><b>Length of Instruction</b></td> </tr>
403
        <tr> <td align="center"><b>Src</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Dst</b></td> </tr>
404
 
405
        <tr> <td rowspan="5" align="center"> Rn    </td> <td align="center"> Rm    </td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
406
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> PC    </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
407
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> x(Rm) </td> <td align="center"> 4 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
408
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> 4 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
409
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> 4 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
410
        <tr> <td rowspan="5" align="center"> @Rn   </td> <td align="center"> Rm    </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
411
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> PC    </td> <td align="center"><b><font color="green">3 </font><font color="red"> (2)</font></b></td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
412
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> x(Rm) </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
413
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
414
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
415
        <tr> <td rowspan="5" align="center"> @Rn+  </td> <td align="center"> Rm    </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
416
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> PC    </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> <td align="center"> 1 </td> </tr>
417
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> x(Rm) </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
418
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
419
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
420
        <tr> <td rowspan="5" align="center"> #N    </td> <td align="center"> Rm    </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
421
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> PC    </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
422
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> x(Rm) </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
423
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
424
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> 5 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
425
        <tr> <td rowspan="5" align="center"> x(Rn) </td> <td align="center"> Rm    </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
426
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> PC    </td> <td align="center"><b><font color="green">3 </font><font color="red"> (4)</font></b></td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
427
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> x(Rm) </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
428
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
429
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
430
        <tr> <td rowspan="5" align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> Rm    </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
431
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> PC    </td> <td align="center"><b><font color="green">3 </font><font color="red"> (4)</font></b></td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
432
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> x(Rm) </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
433
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
434
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
435
        <tr> <td rowspan="5" align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> Rm    </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
436
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> PC    </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> <td align="center"> 2 </td> </tr>
437
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> x(Rm) </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
438
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> EDE   </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
439
        <tr>                                             <td align="center"> &EDE  </td> <td align="center"> 6 </td> <td align="center"> 3 </td> </tr>
440
</table>
441
 
442
<a name="2.1.6 Serial Debug Interface"></a>
443
<h3>2.1.6 Serial Debug Interface</h3>
444
 
445
All the details about the Serial Debug Interface are located <a href="http://www.opencores.org/project/openmsp430/serial%20debug%20interface">here</a>.
446
<a name="2.2 Peripherals"></a>
447
<h2>2.2 Peripherals</h2>
448
 
449
In addition to the CPU core itself, several peripherals are also provided and can be easily connected to the core during integration.
450
 
451
<a name="2.2.1 Basic Clock Module"></a>
452
<h3>2.2.1 Basic Clock Module</h3>
453
 
454
In order to make an FPGA implementation as simple as possible (ideally, a non-designer should be able to do it), clock gates are not used in the design and neither are clock muxes.
455
<br />
456
With these constrains, the Basic Clock Module is implemented as following:
457
<br /><br />
458
<img src="getimg.php?1249244393" alt="Clock structure diagram" title="Clock structure diagram" />
459
<br />
460
<b>Note</b>: CPUOFF doesn't switch MCLK off and will instead bring the CPU state machines in an IDLE state while MCLK will still be running.
461
<br /><br />
462
 
463
In order to '<i>clock</i>' a register with ACLK or SMCLK, the following structure needs to be implemented:
464
<br /><br />
465
<img src="getimg.php?1246434793" alt="Clock implementation example" title="Clock implementation example" />
466
<br /><br />
467
The following Verilog code would implement a counter clocked with SMCLK:
468
<br />
469
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0">
470
<tr>
471
<td width="35"></td>
472
<td bgcolor="#d0d0d0" width="3"></td>
473
<td width="15"></td>
474
<td>
475
        <code>
476
                      reg  [7:0] test_cnt;
477
                <br />
478
                <br />always @ (posedge mclk or posedge puc)
479
                <br />  if (puc)           test_cnt <=  8'h00;
480
                <br />  else if (smclk_en) test_cnt <=  test_cnt + 8'h01;
481
        </code>
482
</td>
483
</tr>
484
</table>
485
<br /><br />
486
<b>Register Description</b>
487
<ul>
488
        <li>DCOCTL: Not implemented</li>
489
        <li>BCSCTL1:
490
        <ul>
491
      <li>BCSCTL1[7:6]: Unused</li>
492
      <li>BCSCTL1[5:4]: DIVAx</li>
493
      <li>BCSCTL1[4:0]: Unused</li>
494
        </ul>
495
        </li>
496
        <li>BCSCTL2:
497
        <ul>
498
      <li>BCSCTL2[7:4]: Unused</li>
499
      <li>BCSCTL2[3]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;: SELS</li>
500
      <li>BCSCTL2[2:1]: DIVSx</li>
501
      <li>BCSCTL2[0]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;: Unused</li>
502
        </ul>
503
        </li>
504
</ul>
505
 
506
<a name="2.2.2 Watchdog Timer"></a>
507
<h3>2.2.2 Watchdog Timer</h3>
508
 
509
100% of the features advertised in the MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide (Chapter 10) have been implemented.
510
 
511
<a name="2.2.3 Digital I/O"></a>
512
<h3>2.2.3 Digital I/O</h3>
513
 
514
100% of the features advertised in the MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide (Chapter 9) have been implemented.
515
<br /><br />
516
The following Verilog parameters will enable or disable the corresponding ports in order to save area (i.e. FPGA utilization):
517
<br /><br />
518
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0">
519
<tr>
520
<td width="35"></td>
521
<td bgcolor="#d0d0d0" width="3"></td>
522
<td width="15"></td>
523
<td>
524
        <code>
525
                      parameter           P1_EN = 1'b1;   // Enable Port 1
526
                <br />parameter           P2_EN = 1'b1;   // Enable Port 2
527
                <br />parameter           P3_EN = 1'b0;   // Enable Port 3
528
                <br />parameter           P4_EN = 1'b0;   // Enable Port 4
529
                <br />parameter           P5_EN = 1'b0;   // Enable Port 5
530
                <br />parameter           P6_EN = 1'b0;   // Enable Port 6
531
        </code>
532
</td>
533
</tr>
534
</table>
535
<br />
536
They can be updated as following during the module instantiation (here port 1, 2 and 3 are enabled):
537
<br /><br />
538
<table border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0">
539
<tr>
540
<td width="35"></td>
541
<td bgcolor="#d0d0d0" width="3"></td>
542
<td width="15"></td>
543
<td>
544
        <code>
545
                      gpio #(.P1_EN(1),
546
                <br />       .P2_EN(1),
547
                <br />       .P3_EN(1),
548
                <br />       .P4_EN(0),
549
                <br />       .P5_EN(0),
550
                <br />       .P6_EN(0)) gpio_0 (
551
        </code>
552
</td>
553
</tr>
554
</table>
555
<br />
556
The full pinout of the GPIO module is provided in the following table:
557
<br /><br />
558
<table border="1">
559
        <tr> <td align="center"><b>Port Name</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Direction</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Width</b>    </td> <td align="center"><b>Description</b></td> </tr>
560
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Clocks & Resets</i></b>  </td></tr>
561
        <tr> <td> mclk           </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Main system clock                           </td> </tr>
562
        <tr> <td> puc            </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Main system reset                           </td> </tr>
563
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Interrupts</i></b>  </td></tr>
564
        <tr> <td> irq_port1      </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Port 1 interrupt                            </td> </tr>
565
        <tr> <td> irq_port2      </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Port 2 interrupt                            </td> </tr>
566
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>External Peripherals interface</i></b>  </td></tr>
567
        <tr> <td> per_addr       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Peripheral address                          </td> </tr>
568
        <tr> <td> per_din        </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>      16        </td> <td> Peripheral data input                       </td> </tr>
569
        <tr> <td> per_dout       </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>      16        </td> <td> Peripheral data output                      </td> </tr>
570
        <tr> <td> per_en         </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Peripheral enable (high active)             </td> </tr>
571
        <tr> <td> per_wen        </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       2        </td> <td> Peripheral write enable (high active)       </td> </tr>
572
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Port 1</i></b>  </td></tr>
573
        <tr> <td> p1_din         </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 1 data input                           </td> </tr>
574
        <tr> <td> p1_dout        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 1 data output                          </td> </tr>
575
        <tr> <td> p1_dout_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 1 data output enable                   </td> </tr>
576
        <tr> <td> p1_sel         </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 1 function select                      </td> </tr>
577
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Port 2</i></b>  </td></tr>
578
        <tr> <td> p2_din         </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 2 data input                           </td> </tr>
579
        <tr> <td> p2_dout        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 2 data output                          </td> </tr>
580
        <tr> <td> p2_dout_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 2 data output enable                   </td> </tr>
581
        <tr> <td> p2_sel         </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 2 function select                      </td> </tr>
582
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Port 3</i></b>  </td></tr>
583
        <tr> <td> p3_din         </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 3 data input                           </td> </tr>
584
        <tr> <td> p3_dout        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 3 data output                          </td> </tr>
585
        <tr> <td> p3_dout_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 3 data output enable                   </td> </tr>
586
        <tr> <td> p3_sel         </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 3 function select                      </td> </tr>
587
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Port 4</i></b>  </td></tr>
588
        <tr> <td> p4_din         </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 4 data input                           </td> </tr>
589
        <tr> <td> p4_dout        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 4 data output                          </td> </tr>
590
        <tr> <td> p4_dout_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 4 data output enable                   </td> </tr>
591
        <tr> <td> p4_sel         </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 4 function select                      </td> </tr>
592
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Port 5</i></b>  </td></tr>
593
        <tr> <td> p5_din         </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 5 data input                           </td> </tr>
594
        <tr> <td> p5_dout        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 5 data output                          </td> </tr>
595
        <tr> <td> p5_dout_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 5 data output enable                   </td> </tr>
596
        <tr> <td> p5_sel         </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 5 function select                      </td> </tr>
597
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Port 6</i></b>  </td></tr>
598
        <tr> <td> p6_din         </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 6 data input                           </td> </tr>
599
        <tr> <td> p6_dout        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 6 data output                          </td> </tr>
600
        <tr> <td> p6_dout_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 6 data output enable                   </td> </tr>
601
        <tr> <td> p6_sel         </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Port 6 function select                      </td> </tr>
602
      </table>
603
 
604
<a name="2.2.4 Timer A"></a>
605
<h3>2.2.4 Timer A</h3>
606
 
607
100% of the features advertised in the MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide (Chapter 11) have been implemented.
608
<br /><br />
609
The full pinout of the Timer A module is provided in the following table:
610
<br /><br />
611
<table border="1">
612
        <tr> <td align="center"><b>Port Name</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Direction</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Width</b>    </td> <td align="center"><b>Description</b></td> </tr>
613
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Clocks, Resets & Debug</i></b>  </td></tr>
614
        <tr> <td> mclk           </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Main system clock                          </td> </tr>
615
        <tr> <td> aclk_en        </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> ACLK enable (from CPU)                     </td> </tr>
616
        <tr> <td> smclk_en       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> SMCLK enable (from CPU)                    </td> </tr>
617
        <tr> <td> inclk          </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> INCLK external timer clock (SLOW)          </td> </tr>
618
        <tr> <td> taclk          </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> TACLK external timer clock (SLOW)          </td> </tr>
619
        <tr> <td> puc            </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Main system reset                          </td> </tr>
620
        <tr> <td> dbg_freeze     </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Freeze Timer A counter                     </td> </tr>
621
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Interrupts</i></b>  </td></tr>
622
        <tr> <td> irq_ta0        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A interrupt: TACCR0                  </td> </tr>
623
        <tr> <td> irq_ta1        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A interrupt: TAIV, TACCR1, TACCR2    </td> </tr>
624
        <tr> <td> irq_ta0_acc    </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Interrupt request TACCR0 accepted          </td> </tr>
625
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>External Peripherals interface</i></b>  </td></tr>
626
        <tr> <td> per_addr       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       8        </td> <td> Peripheral address                         </td> </tr>
627
        <tr> <td> per_din        </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>      16        </td> <td> Peripheral data input                      </td> </tr>
628
        <tr> <td> per_dout       </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>      16        </td> <td> Peripheral data output                     </td> </tr>
629
        <tr> <td> per_en         </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Peripheral enable (high active)            </td> </tr>
630
        <tr> <td> per_wen        </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       2        </td> <td> Peripheral write enable (high active)      </td> </tr>
631
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Capture/Compare Unit 0</i></b>  </td></tr>
632
        <tr> <td> ta_cci0a       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A capture 0 input A                  </td> </tr>
633
        <tr> <td> ta_cci0b       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A capture 0 input B                  </td> </tr>
634
        <tr> <td> ta_out0        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A output 0                           </td> </tr>
635
        <tr> <td> ta_out0_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A output 0 enable                    </td> </tr>
636
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Capture/Compare Unit 1</i></b>  </td></tr>
637
        <tr> <td> ta_cci1a       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A capture 1 input A                  </td> </tr>
638
        <tr> <td> ta_cci1b       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A capture 1 input B                  </td> </tr>
639
        <tr> <td> ta_out1        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A output 1                           </td> </tr>
640
        <tr> <td> ta_out1_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A output 1 enable                    </td> </tr>
641
        <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"> <b><i>Capture/Compare Unit 2</i></b>  </td></tr>
642
        <tr> <td> ta_cci2a       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A capture 2 input A                  </td> </tr>
643
        <tr> <td> ta_cci2b       </td> <td>  Input         </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A capture 2 input B                  </td> </tr>
644
        <tr> <td> ta_out2        </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A output 2                           </td> </tr>
645
        <tr> <td> ta_out2_en     </td> <td>  Output        </td> <td>       1        </td> <td> Timer A output 2 enable                    </td> </tr>
646
</table>
647
<br />
648
<b>Note</b>: for the same reason as with the Basic Clock Module, the two additional clock inputs (TACLK and INCLK) are internally synchronized with the MCLK domain.
649
As a consequence, TACLK and INCLK should be at least 2 times slowlier than MCLK, and if these clock are used toghether with the Timer A output unit, some jitter might be observed on the generated output.
650
If this jitter is critical for the application, ACLK and INCLK should idealy be derivated from DCO_CLK.
651
 
652
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653
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