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1 706 jeremybenn
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
--                                                                          --
3
--                  GNAT RUN-TIME LIBRARY (GNARL) COMPONENTS                --
4
--                                                                          --
5
--                        S Y S T E M . T A S K I N G                       --
6
--                                                                          --
7
--                                  S p e c                                 --
8
--                                                                          --
9
--          Copyright (C) 1992-2011, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
10
--                                                                          --
11
-- GNARL is free software; you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
12
-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
13
-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
14
-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
15
-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
16
-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                                     --
17
--                                                                          --
18
-- As a special exception under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted --
19
-- additional permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception,   --
20
-- version 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.               --
21
--                                                                          --
22
-- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and    --
23
-- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;     --
24
-- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see    --
25
-- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          --
26
--                                                                          --
27
-- GNARL was developed by the GNARL team at Florida State University.       --
28
-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies, Inc.     --
29
--                                                                          --
30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31
 
32
--  This package provides necessary type definitions for compiler interface
33
 
34
--  Note: the compiler generates direct calls to this interface, via Rtsfind.
35
--  Any changes to this interface may require corresponding compiler changes.
36
 
37
with Ada.Exceptions;
38
with Ada.Unchecked_Conversion;
39
 
40
with System.Parameters;
41
with System.Task_Info;
42
with System.Soft_Links;
43
with System.Task_Primitives;
44
with System.Stack_Usage;
45
with System.Multiprocessors;
46
 
47
package System.Tasking is
48
   pragma Preelaborate;
49
 
50
   -------------------
51
   -- Locking Rules --
52
   -------------------
53
 
54
   --  The following rules must be followed at all times, to prevent
55
   --  deadlock and generally ensure correct operation of locking.
56
 
57
   --  Never lock a lock unless abort is deferred
58
 
59
   --  Never undefer abort while holding a lock
60
 
61
   --  Overlapping critical sections must be properly nested, and locks must
62
   --  be released in LIFO order. E.g., the following is not allowed:
63
 
64
   --         Lock (X);
65
   --         ...
66
   --         Lock (Y);
67
   --         ...
68
   --         Unlock (X);
69
   --         ...
70
   --         Unlock (Y);
71
 
72
   --  Locks with lower (smaller) level number cannot be locked
73
   --  while holding a lock with a higher level number. (The level
74
 
75
   --  1. System.Tasking.PO_Simple.Protection.L (any PO lock)
76
   --  2. System.Tasking.Initialization.Global_Task_Lock (in body)
77
   --  3. System.Task_Primitives.Operations.Single_RTS_Lock
78
   --  4. System.Tasking.Ada_Task_Control_Block.LL.L (any TCB lock)
79
 
80
   --  Clearly, there can be no circular chain of hold-and-wait
81
   --  relationships involving locks in different ordering levels.
82
 
83
   --  We used to have Global_Task_Lock before Protection.L but this was
84
   --  clearly wrong since there can be calls to "new" inside protected
85
   --  operations. The new ordering prevents these failures.
86
 
87
   --  Sometimes we need to hold two ATCB locks at the same time. To allow us
88
   --  to order the locking, each ATCB is given a unique serial number. If one
89
   --  needs to hold locks on several ATCBs at once, the locks with lower
90
   --  serial numbers must be locked first.
91
 
92
   --  We don't always need to check the serial numbers, since the serial
93
   --  numbers are assigned sequentially, and so:
94
 
95
   --  . The parent of a task always has a lower serial number.
96
   --  . The activator of a task always has a lower serial number.
97
   --  . The environment task has a lower serial number than any other task.
98
   --  . If the activator of a task is different from the task's parent,
99
   --    the parent always has a lower serial number than the activator.
100
 
101
   ---------------------------------
102
   -- Task_Id related definitions --
103
   ---------------------------------
104
 
105
   type Ada_Task_Control_Block;
106
 
107
   type Task_Id is access all Ada_Task_Control_Block;
108
   for Task_Id'Size use System.Task_Primitives.Task_Address_Size;
109
 
110
   Null_Task : constant Task_Id;
111
 
112
   type Task_List is array (Positive range <>) of Task_Id;
113
 
114
   function Self return Task_Id;
115
   pragma Inline (Self);
116
   --  This is the compiler interface version of this function. Do not call
117
   --  from the run-time system.
118
 
119
   function To_Task_Id is
120
     new Ada.Unchecked_Conversion
121
       (System.Task_Primitives.Task_Address, Task_Id);
122
   function To_Address is
123
     new Ada.Unchecked_Conversion
124
       (Task_Id, System.Task_Primitives.Task_Address);
125
 
126
   -----------------------
127
   -- Enumeration types --
128
   -----------------------
129
 
130
   type Task_States is
131
     (Unactivated,
132
      --  TCB initialized but not task has not been created.
133
      --  It cannot be executing.
134
 
135
--    Activating,
136
--    --  ??? Temporarily at end of list for GDB compatibility
137
--    --  Task has been created and is being made Runnable.
138
 
139
      --  Active states
140
      --  For all states from here down, the task has been activated.
141
      --  For all states from here down, except for Terminated, the task
142
      --  may be executing.
143
      --  Activator = null iff it has not yet completed activating.
144
 
145
      Runnable,
146
      --  Task is not blocked for any reason known to Ada.
147
      --  (It may be waiting for a mutex, though.)
148
      --  It is conceptually "executing" in normal mode.
149
 
150
      Terminated,
151
      --  The task is terminated, in the sense of ARM 9.3 (5).
152
      --  Any dependents that were waiting on terminate
153
      --  alternatives have been awakened and have terminated themselves.
154
 
155
      Activator_Sleep,
156
      --  Task is waiting for created tasks to complete activation
157
 
158
      Acceptor_Sleep,
159
      --  Task is waiting on an accept or select with terminate
160
 
161
--    Acceptor_Delay_Sleep,
162
--    --  ??? Temporarily at end of list for GDB compatibility
163
--    --  Task is waiting on an selective wait statement
164
 
165
      Entry_Caller_Sleep,
166
      --  Task is waiting on an entry call
167
 
168
      Async_Select_Sleep,
169
      --  Task is waiting to start the abortable part of an
170
      --  asynchronous select statement.
171
 
172
      Delay_Sleep,
173
      --  Task is waiting on a select statement with only a delay
174
      --  alternative open.
175
 
176
      Master_Completion_Sleep,
177
      --  Master completion has two phases.
178
      --  In Phase 1 the task is sleeping in Complete_Master
179
      --  having completed a master within itself,
180
      --  and is waiting for the tasks dependent on that master to become
181
      --  terminated or waiting on a terminate Phase.
182
 
183
      Master_Phase_2_Sleep,
184
      --  In Phase 2 the task is sleeping in Complete_Master
185
      --  waiting for tasks on terminate alternatives to finish
186
      --  terminating.
187
 
188
      --  The following are special uses of sleep, for server tasks
189
      --  within the run-time system.
190
 
191
      Interrupt_Server_Idle_Sleep,
192
      Interrupt_Server_Blocked_Interrupt_Sleep,
193
      Timer_Server_Sleep,
194
      AST_Server_Sleep,
195
 
196
      Asynchronous_Hold,
197
      --  The task has been held by Asynchronous_Task_Control.Hold_Task
198
 
199
      Interrupt_Server_Blocked_On_Event_Flag,
200
      --  The task has been blocked on a system call waiting for a
201
      --  completion event/signal to occur.
202
 
203
      Activating,
204
      --  Task has been created and is being made Runnable
205
 
206
      Acceptor_Delay_Sleep
207
      --  Task is waiting on an selective wait statement
208
     );
209
 
210
   type Call_Modes is
211
     (Simple_Call, Conditional_Call, Asynchronous_Call, Timed_Call);
212
 
213
   type Select_Modes is (Simple_Mode, Else_Mode, Terminate_Mode, Delay_Mode);
214
 
215
   subtype Delay_Modes is Integer;
216
 
217
   -------------------------------
218
   -- Entry related definitions --
219
   -------------------------------
220
 
221
   Null_Entry : constant := 0;
222
 
223
   Max_Entry : constant := Integer'Last;
224
 
225
   Interrupt_Entry : constant := -2;
226
 
227
   Cancelled_Entry : constant := -1;
228
 
229
   type Entry_Index is range Interrupt_Entry .. Max_Entry;
230
 
231
   Null_Task_Entry : constant := Null_Entry;
232
 
233
   Max_Task_Entry : constant := Max_Entry;
234
 
235
   type Task_Entry_Index is new Entry_Index
236
     range Null_Task_Entry .. Max_Task_Entry;
237
 
238
   type Entry_Call_Record;
239
 
240
   type Entry_Call_Link is access all Entry_Call_Record;
241
 
242
   type Entry_Queue is record
243
      Head : Entry_Call_Link;
244
      Tail : Entry_Call_Link;
245
   end record;
246
 
247
   type Task_Entry_Queue_Array is
248
     array (Task_Entry_Index range <>) of Entry_Queue;
249
 
250
   --  A data structure which contains the string names of entries and entry
251
   --  family members.
252
 
253
   type String_Access is access all String;
254
 
255
   type Entry_Names_Array is
256
     array (Entry_Index range <>) of String_Access;
257
 
258
   type Entry_Names_Array_Access is access all Entry_Names_Array;
259
 
260
   procedure Free_Entry_Names_Array (Obj : in out Entry_Names_Array);
261
   --  Deallocate all string names contained in an entry names array
262
 
263
   ----------------------------------
264
   -- Entry_Call_Record definition --
265
   ----------------------------------
266
 
267
   type Entry_Call_State is
268
     (Never_Abortable,
269
      --  the call is not abortable, and never can be
270
 
271
      Not_Yet_Abortable,
272
      --  the call is not abortable, but may become so
273
 
274
      Was_Abortable,
275
      --  the call is not abortable, but once was
276
 
277
      Now_Abortable,
278
      --  the call is abortable
279
 
280
      Done,
281
      --  the call has been completed
282
 
283
      Cancelled
284
      --  the call was asynchronous, and was cancelled
285
     );
286
   pragma Ordered (Entry_Call_State);
287
 
288
   --  Never_Abortable is used for calls that are made in a abort deferred
289
   --  region (see ARM 9.8(5-11), 9.8 (20)). Such a call is never abortable.
290
 
291
   --  The Was_ vs. Not_Yet_ distinction is needed to decide whether it is OK
292
   --  to advance into the abortable part of an async. select stmt. That is
293
   --  allowed iff the mode is Now_ or Was_.
294
 
295
   --  Done indicates the call has been completed, without cancellation, or no
296
   --  call has been made yet at this ATC nesting level, and so aborting the
297
   --  call is no longer an issue. Completion of the call does not necessarily
298
   --  indicate "success"; the call may be returning an exception if
299
   --  Exception_To_Raise is non-null.
300
 
301
   --  Cancelled indicates the call was cancelled, and so aborting the call is
302
   --  no longer an issue.
303
 
304
   --  The call is on an entry queue unless State >= Done, in which case it may
305
   --  or may not be still Onqueue.
306
 
307
   --  Please do not modify the order of the values, without checking all uses
308
   --  of this type. We rely on partial "monotonicity" of
309
   --  Entry_Call_Record.State to avoid locking when we access this value for
310
   --  certain tests. In particular:
311
 
312
   --  1)  Once State >= Done, we can rely that the call has been
313
   --      completed. If State >= Done, it will not
314
   --      change until the task does another entry call at this level.
315
 
316
   --  2)  Once State >= Was_Abortable, we can rely that the call has
317
   --      been queued abortably at least once, and so the check for
318
   --      whether it is OK to advance to the abortable part of an
319
   --      async. select statement does not need to lock anything.
320
 
321
   type Restricted_Entry_Call_Record is record
322
      Self : Task_Id;
323
      --  ID of the caller
324
 
325
      Mode : Call_Modes;
326
 
327
      State : Entry_Call_State;
328
      pragma Atomic (State);
329
      --  Indicates part of the state of the call.
330
      --
331
      --  Protection: If the call is not on a queue, it should only be
332
      --  accessed by Self, and Self does not need any lock to modify this
333
      --  field.
334
      --
335
      --  Once the call is on a queue, the value should be something other
336
      --  than Done unless it is cancelled, and access is controller by the
337
      --  "server" of the queue -- i.e., the lock of Checked_To_Protection
338
      --  (Call_Target) if the call record is on the queue of a PO, or the
339
      --  lock of Called_Target if the call is on the queue of a task. See
340
      --  comments on type declaration for more details.
341
 
342
      Uninterpreted_Data : System.Address;
343
      --  Data passed by the compiler
344
 
345
      Exception_To_Raise : Ada.Exceptions.Exception_Id;
346
      --  The exception to raise once this call has been completed without
347
      --  being aborted.
348
   end record;
349
   pragma Suppress_Initialization (Restricted_Entry_Call_Record);
350
 
351
   -------------------------------------------
352
   -- Task termination procedure definition --
353
   -------------------------------------------
354
 
355
   --  We need to redefine here these types (already defined in
356
   --  Ada.Task_Termination) for avoiding circular dependencies.
357
 
358
   type Cause_Of_Termination is (Normal, Abnormal, Unhandled_Exception);
359
   --  Possible causes for task termination:
360
   --
361
   --    Normal means that the task terminates due to completing the
362
   --    last sentence of its body, or as a result of waiting on a
363
   --    terminate alternative.
364
 
365
   --    Abnormal means that the task terminates because it is being aborted
366
 
367
   --    handled_Exception means that the task terminates because of exception
368
   --    raised by the execution of its task_body.
369
 
370
   type Termination_Handler is access protected procedure
371
     (Cause : Cause_Of_Termination;
372
      T     : Task_Id;
373
      X     : Ada.Exceptions.Exception_Occurrence);
374
   --  Used to represent protected procedures to be executed when task
375
   --  terminates.
376
 
377
   ------------------------------------
378
   -- Dispatching domain definitions --
379
   ------------------------------------
380
 
381
   --  We need to redefine here these types (already defined in
382
   --  System.Multiprocessor.Dispatching_Domains) for avoiding circular
383
   --  dependencies.
384
 
385
   type Dispatching_Domain is
386
     array (System.Multiprocessors.CPU range <>) of Boolean;
387
   --  A dispatching domain needs to contain the set of processors belonging
388
   --  to it. This is a processor mask where a True indicates that the
389
   --  processor belongs to the dispatching domain.
390
   --  Do not use the full range of CPU_Range because it would create a very
391
   --  long array. This way we can use the exact range of processors available
392
   --  in the system.
393
 
394
   type Dispatching_Domain_Access is access Dispatching_Domain;
395
 
396
   System_Domain : Dispatching_Domain_Access;
397
   --  All processors belong to default system dispatching domain at start up.
398
   --  We use a pointer which creates the actual variable for the reasons
399
   --  explained bellow in Dispatching_Domain_Tasks.
400
 
401
   Dispatching_Domains_Frozen : Boolean := False;
402
   --  True when the main procedure has been called. Hence, no new dispatching
403
   --  domains can be created when this flag is True.
404
 
405
   type Array_Allocated_Tasks is
406
     array (System.Multiprocessors.CPU range <>) of Natural;
407
   --  At start-up time, we need to store the number of tasks attached to
408
   --  concrete processors within the system domain (we can only create
409
   --  dispatching domains with processors belonging to the system domain and
410
   --  without tasks allocated).
411
 
412
   type Array_Allocated_Tasks_Access is access Array_Allocated_Tasks;
413
 
414
   Dispatching_Domain_Tasks : Array_Allocated_Tasks_Access;
415
   --  We need to store whether there are tasks allocated to concrete
416
   --  processors in the default system dispatching domain because we need to
417
   --  check it before creating a new dispatching domain. Two comments about
418
   --  why we use a pointer here and not in package Dispatching_Domains:
419
   --
420
   --    1) We use an array created dynamically in procedure Initialize which
421
   --    is called at the beginning of the initialization of the run-time
422
   --    library. Declaring a static array here in the spec would not work
423
   --    across different installations because it would get the value of
424
   --    Number_Of_CPUs from the machine where the run-time library is built,
425
   --    and not from the machine where the application is executed. That is
426
   --    the reason why we create the array (CPU'First .. Number_Of_CPUs) at
427
   --    execution time in the procedure body, ensuring that the function
428
   --    Number_Of_CPUs is executed at execution time (the same trick as we
429
   --    use for System_Domain).
430
   --
431
   --    2) We have moved this declaration from package Dispatching_Domains
432
   --    because when we use a pragma CPU, the affinity is passed through the
433
   --    call to Create_Task. Hence, at this point, we may need to update the
434
   --    number of tasks associated to the processor, but we do not want to
435
   --    force a dependency from this package on Dispatching_Domains.
436
 
437
   ------------------------------------
438
   -- Task related other definitions --
439
   ------------------------------------
440
 
441
   type Activation_Chain is limited private;
442
   --  Linked list of to-be-activated tasks, linked through
443
   --  Activation_Link. The order of tasks on the list is irrelevant, because
444
   --  the priority rules will ensure that they actually start activating in
445
   --  priority order.
446
 
447
   type Activation_Chain_Access is access all Activation_Chain;
448
 
449
   type Task_Procedure_Access is access procedure (Arg : System.Address);
450
 
451
   type Access_Boolean is access all Boolean;
452
 
453
   function Detect_Blocking return Boolean;
454
   pragma Inline (Detect_Blocking);
455
   --  Return whether the Detect_Blocking pragma is enabled
456
 
457
   function Storage_Size (T : Task_Id) return System.Parameters.Size_Type;
458
   --  Retrieve from the TCB of the task the allocated size of its stack,
459
   --  either the system default or the size specified by a pragma. This is in
460
   --  general a non-static value that can depend on discriminants of the task.
461
 
462
   type Bit_Array is array (Integer range <>) of Boolean;
463
   pragma Pack (Bit_Array);
464
 
465
   subtype Debug_Event_Array is Bit_Array (1 .. 16);
466
 
467
   Global_Task_Debug_Event_Set : Boolean := False;
468
   --  Set True when running under debugger control and a task debug event
469
   --  signal has been requested.
470
 
471
   ----------------------------------------------
472
   -- Ada_Task_Control_Block (ATCB) definition --
473
   ----------------------------------------------
474
 
475
   --  Notes on protection (synchronization) of TRTS data structures
476
 
477
   --  Any field of the TCB can be written by the activator of a task when the
478
   --  task is created, since no other task can access the new task's
479
   --  state until creation is complete.
480
 
481
   --  The protection for each field is described in a comment starting with
482
   --  "Protection:".
483
 
484
   --  When a lock is used to protect an ATCB field, this lock is simply named
485
 
486
   --  Some protection is described in terms of tasks related to the
487
   --  ATCB being protected. These are:
488
 
489
   --    Self:      The task which is controlled by this ATCB
490
   --    Acceptor:  A task accepting a call from Self
491
   --    Caller:    A task calling an entry of Self
492
   --    Parent:    The task executing the master on which Self depends
493
   --    Dependent: A task dependent on Self
494
   --    Activator: The task that created Self and initiated its activation
495
   --    Created:   A task created and activated by Self
496
 
497
   --  Note: The order of the fields is important to implement efficiently
498
   --  tasking support under gdb.
499
   --  Currently gdb relies on the order of the State, Parent, Base_Priority,
500
   --  Task_Image, Task_Image_Len, Call and LL fields.
501
 
502
   -------------------------
503
   -- Common ATCB section --
504
   -------------------------
505
 
506
   --  Section used by all GNARL implementations (regular and restricted)
507
 
508
   type Common_ATCB is record
509
      State : Task_States;
510
      pragma Atomic (State);
511
      --  Encodes some basic information about the state of a task,
512
      --  including whether it has been activated, whether it is sleeping,
513
      --  and whether it is terminated.
514
      --
515
      --  Protection: Self.L
516
 
517
      Parent : Task_Id;
518
      --  The task on which this task depends.
519
      --  See also Master_Level and Master_Within.
520
 
521
      Base_Priority : System.Any_Priority;
522
      --  Base priority, not changed during entry calls, only changed
523
      --  via dynamic priorities package.
524
      --
525
      --  Protection: Only written by Self, accessed by anyone
526
 
527
      Base_CPU : System.Multiprocessors.CPU_Range;
528
      --  Base CPU, only changed via dispatching domains package.
529
      --
530
      --  Protection: Self.L
531
 
532
      Current_Priority : System.Any_Priority;
533
      --  Active priority, except that the effects of protected object
534
      --  priority ceilings are not reflected. This only reflects explicit
535
      --  priority changes and priority inherited through task activation
536
      --  and rendezvous.
537
      --
538
      --  Ada 95 notes: In Ada 95, this field will be transferred to the
539
      --  Priority field of an Entry_Calls component when an entry call is
540
      --  initiated. The Priority of the Entry_Calls component will not change
541
      --  for the duration of the call. The accepting task can use it to boost
542
      --  its own priority without fear of its changing in the meantime.
543
      --
544
      --  This can safely be used in the priority ordering of entry queues.
545
      --  Once a call is queued, its priority does not change.
546
      --
547
      --  Since an entry call cannot be made while executing a protected
548
      --  action, the priority of a task will never reflect a priority ceiling
549
      --  change at the point of an entry call.
550
      --
551
      --  Protection: Only written by Self, and only accessed when Acceptor
552
      --  accepts an entry or when Created activates, at which points Self is
553
      --  suspended.
554
 
555
      Protected_Action_Nesting : Natural;
556
      pragma Atomic (Protected_Action_Nesting);
557
      --  The dynamic level of protected action nesting for this task. This
558
      --  field is needed for checking whether potentially blocking operations
559
      --  are invoked from protected actions. pragma Atomic is used because it
560
      --  can be read/written from protected interrupt handlers.
561
 
562
      Task_Image : String (1 .. System.Parameters.Max_Task_Image_Length);
563
      --  Hold a string that provides a readable id for task, built from the
564
      --  variable of which it is a value or component.
565
 
566
      Task_Image_Len : Natural;
567
      --  Actual length of Task_Image
568
 
569
      Call : Entry_Call_Link;
570
      --  The entry call that has been accepted by this task.
571
      --
572
      --  Protection: Self.L. Self will modify this field when Self.Accepting
573
      --  is False, and will not need the mutex to do so. Once a task sets
574
      --  Pending_ATC_Level = 0, no other task can access this field.
575
 
576
      LL : aliased Task_Primitives.Private_Data;
577
      --  Control block used by the underlying low-level tasking service
578
      --  (GNULLI).
579
      --
580
      --  Protection: This is used only by the GNULLI implementation, which
581
      --  takes care of all of its synchronization.
582
 
583
      Task_Arg : System.Address;
584
      --  The argument to task procedure. Provide a handle for discriminant
585
      --  information.
586
      --
587
      --  Protection: Part of the synchronization between Self and Activator.
588
      --  Activator writes it, once, before Self starts executing. Thereafter,
589
      --  Self only reads it.
590
 
591
      Task_Alternate_Stack : System.Address;
592
      --  The address of the alternate signal stack for this task, if any
593
      --
594
      --  Protection: Only accessed by Self
595
 
596
      Task_Entry_Point : Task_Procedure_Access;
597
      --  Information needed to call the procedure containing the code for
598
      --  the body of this task.
599
      --
600
      --  Protection: Part of the synchronization between Self and Activator.
601
      --  Activator writes it, once, before Self starts executing. Self reads
602
      --  it, once, as part of its execution.
603
 
604
      Compiler_Data : System.Soft_Links.TSD;
605
      --  Task-specific data needed by the compiler to store per-task
606
      --  structures.
607
      --
608
      --  Protection: Only accessed by Self
609
 
610
      All_Tasks_Link : Task_Id;
611
      --  Used to link this task to the list of all tasks in the system
612
      --
613
      --  Protection: RTS_Lock
614
 
615
      Activation_Link : Task_Id;
616
      --  Used to link this task to a list of tasks to be activated
617
      --
618
      --  Protection: Only used by Activator
619
 
620
      Activator : Task_Id;
621
      --  The task that created this task, either by declaring it as a task
622
      --  object or by executing a task allocator. The value is null iff Self
623
      --  has completed activation.
624
      --
625
      --  Protection: Set by Activator before Self is activated, and only read
626
      --  and modified by Self after that.
627
 
628
      Wait_Count : Natural;
629
      --  This count is used by a task that is waiting for other tasks. At all
630
      --  other times, the value should be zero. It is used differently in
631
      --  several different states. Since a task cannot be in more than one of
632
      --  these states at the same time, a single counter suffices.
633
      --
634
      --  Protection: Self.L
635
 
636
      --  Activator_Sleep
637
 
638
      --  This is the number of tasks that this task is activating, i.e. the
639
      --  children that have started activation but have not completed it.
640
      --
641
      --  Protection: Self.L and Created.L. Both mutexes must be locked, since
642
      --  Self.Activation_Count and Created.State must be synchronized.
643
 
644
      --  Master_Completion_Sleep (phase 1)
645
 
646
      --  This is the number dependent tasks of a master being completed by
647
      --  Self that are activated, but have not yet terminated, and are not
648
      --  waiting on a terminate alternative.
649
 
650
      --  Master_Completion_2_Sleep (phase 2)
651
 
652
      --  This is the count of tasks dependent on a master being completed by
653
      --  Self which are waiting on a terminate alternative.
654
 
655
      Elaborated : Access_Boolean;
656
      --  Pointer to a flag indicating that this task's body has been
657
      --  elaborated. The flag is created and managed by the
658
      --  compiler-generated code.
659
      --
660
      --  Protection: The field itself is only accessed by Activator. The flag
661
      --  that it points to is updated by Master and read by Activator; access
662
      --  is assumed to be atomic.
663
 
664
      Activation_Failed : Boolean;
665
      --  Set to True if activation of a chain of tasks fails,
666
      --  so that the activator should raise Tasking_Error.
667
 
668
      Task_Info : System.Task_Info.Task_Info_Type;
669
      --  System-specific attributes of the task as specified by the
670
      --  Task_Info pragma.
671
 
672
      Analyzer  : System.Stack_Usage.Stack_Analyzer;
673
      --  For storing informations used to measure the stack usage
674
 
675
      Global_Task_Lock_Nesting : Natural;
676
      --  This is the current nesting level of calls to
677
      --  System.Tasking.Initialization.Lock_Task. This allows a task to call
678
      --  Lock_Task multiple times without deadlocking. A task only locks
679
      --  Global_Task_Lock when its Global_Task_Lock_Nesting goes from 0 to 1,
680
      --  and only unlocked when it goes from 1 to 0.
681
      --
682
      --  Protection: Only accessed by Self
683
 
684
      Fall_Back_Handler : Termination_Handler;
685
      --  This is the fall-back handler that applies to the dependent tasks of
686
      --  the task.
687
      --
688
      --  Protection: Self.L
689
 
690
      Specific_Handler : Termination_Handler;
691
      --  This is the specific handler that applies only to this task, and not
692
      --  any of its dependent tasks.
693
      --
694
      --  Protection: Self.L
695
 
696
      Debug_Events : Debug_Event_Array;
697
      --  Word length array of per task debug events, of which 11 kinds are
698
      --  currently defined in System.Tasking.Debugging package.
699
 
700
      Domain : Dispatching_Domain_Access;
701
      --  Domain is the dispatching domain to which the task belongs. It is
702
      --  only changed via dispatching domains package. This field is made
703
      --  part of the Common_ATCB, even when restricted run-times (namely
704
      --  Ravenscar) do not use it, because this way the field is always
705
      --  available to the underlying layers to set the affinity and we do not
706
      --  need to do different things depending on the situation.
707
      --
708
      --  Protection: Self.L
709
   end record;
710
 
711
   ---------------------------------------
712
   -- Restricted_Ada_Task_Control_Block --
713
   ---------------------------------------
714
 
715
   --  This type should only be used by the restricted GNARLI and by restricted
716
   --  GNULL implementations to allocate an ATCB (see System.Task_Primitives.
717
   --  Operations.New_ATCB) that will take significantly less memory.
718
 
719
   --  Note that the restricted GNARLI should only access fields that are
720
   --  present in the Restricted_Ada_Task_Control_Block structure.
721
 
722
   type Restricted_Ada_Task_Control_Block (Entry_Num : Task_Entry_Index) is
723
   record
724
      Common : Common_ATCB;
725
      --  The common part between various tasking implementations
726
 
727
      Entry_Call : aliased Restricted_Entry_Call_Record;
728
      --  Protection: This field is used on entry call "queues" associated
729
      --  with protected objects, and is protected by the protected object
730
      --  lock.
731
   end record;
732
   pragma Suppress_Initialization (Restricted_Ada_Task_Control_Block);
733
 
734
   Interrupt_Manager_ID : Task_Id;
735
   --  This task ID is declared here to break circular dependencies.
736
   --  Also declare Interrupt_Manager_ID after Task_Id is known, to avoid
737
   --  generating unneeded finalization code.
738
 
739
   -----------------------
740
   -- List of all Tasks --
741
   -----------------------
742
 
743
   All_Tasks_List : Task_Id;
744
   --  Global linked list of all tasks
745
 
746
   ------------------------------------------
747
   -- Regular (non restricted) definitions --
748
   ------------------------------------------
749
 
750
   --------------------------------
751
   -- Master Related Definitions --
752
   --------------------------------
753
 
754
   subtype Master_Level is Integer;
755
   subtype Master_ID is Master_Level;
756
 
757
   --  Normally, a task starts out with internal master nesting level one
758
   --  larger than external master nesting level. It is incremented to one by
759
   --  Enter_Master, which is called in the task body only if the compiler
760
   --  thinks the task may have dependent tasks. It is set to 1 for the
761
   --  environment task, the level 2 is reserved for server tasks of the
762
   --  run-time system (the so called "independent tasks"), and the level 3 is
763
   --  for the library level tasks. Foreign threads which are detected by
764
   --  the run-time have a level of 0, allowing these tasks to be easily
765
   --  distinguished if needed.
766
 
767
   Foreign_Task_Level     : constant Master_Level := 0;
768
   Environment_Task_Level : constant Master_Level := 1;
769
   Independent_Task_Level : constant Master_Level := 2;
770
   Library_Task_Level     : constant Master_Level := 3;
771
 
772
   -------------------
773
   -- Priority info --
774
   -------------------
775
 
776
   Unspecified_Priority : constant Integer := System.Priority'First - 1;
777
 
778
   Priority_Not_Boosted : constant Integer := System.Priority'First - 1;
779
   --  Definition of Priority actually has to come from the RTS configuration
780
 
781
   subtype Rendezvous_Priority is Integer
782
     range Priority_Not_Boosted .. System.Any_Priority'Last;
783
 
784
   -------------------
785
   -- Affinity info --
786
   -------------------
787
 
788
   Unspecified_CPU : constant := -1;
789
   --  No affinity specified
790
 
791
   ------------------------------------
792
   -- Rendezvous related definitions --
793
   ------------------------------------
794
 
795
   No_Rendezvous : constant := 0;
796
 
797
   Max_Select : constant Integer := Integer'Last;
798
   --  RTS-defined
799
 
800
   subtype Select_Index is Integer range No_Rendezvous .. Max_Select;
801
   --   type Select_Index is range No_Rendezvous .. Max_Select;
802
 
803
   subtype Positive_Select_Index is
804
     Select_Index range 1 .. Select_Index'Last;
805
 
806
   type Accept_Alternative is record
807
      Null_Body : Boolean;
808
      S         : Task_Entry_Index;
809
   end record;
810
 
811
   type Accept_List is
812
     array (Positive_Select_Index range <>) of Accept_Alternative;
813
 
814
   type Accept_List_Access is access constant Accept_List;
815
 
816
   -----------------------------------
817
   -- ATC_Level related definitions --
818
   -----------------------------------
819
 
820
   Max_ATC_Nesting : constant Natural := 20;
821
 
822
   subtype ATC_Level_Base is Integer range 0 .. Max_ATC_Nesting;
823
 
824
   ATC_Level_Infinity : constant ATC_Level_Base := ATC_Level_Base'Last;
825
 
826
   subtype ATC_Level is ATC_Level_Base range 0 .. ATC_Level_Base'Last - 1;
827
 
828
   subtype ATC_Level_Index is ATC_Level range 1 .. ATC_Level'Last;
829
 
830
   ----------------------------------
831
   -- Entry_Call_Record definition --
832
   ----------------------------------
833
 
834
   type Entry_Call_Record is record
835
      Self  : Task_Id;
836
      --  ID of the caller
837
 
838
      Mode : Call_Modes;
839
 
840
      State : Entry_Call_State;
841
      pragma Atomic (State);
842
      --  Indicates part of the state of the call
843
      --
844
      --  Protection: If the call is not on a queue, it should only be
845
      --  accessed by Self, and Self does not need any lock to modify this
846
      --  field. Once the call is on a queue, the value should be something
847
      --  other than Done unless it is cancelled, and access is controller by
848
      --  the "server" of the queue -- i.e., the lock of Checked_To_Protection
849
      --  (Call_Target) if the call record is on the queue of a PO, or the
850
      --  lock of Called_Target if the call is on the queue of a task. See
851
      --  comments on type declaration for more details.
852
 
853
      Uninterpreted_Data : System.Address;
854
      --  Data passed by the compiler
855
 
856
      Exception_To_Raise : Ada.Exceptions.Exception_Id;
857
      --  The exception to raise once this call has been completed without
858
      --  being aborted.
859
 
860
      Prev : Entry_Call_Link;
861
 
862
      Next : Entry_Call_Link;
863
 
864
      Level : ATC_Level;
865
      --  One of Self and Level are redundant in this implementation, since
866
      --  each Entry_Call_Record is at Self.Entry_Calls (Level). Since we must
867
      --  have access to the entry call record to be reading this, we could
868
      --  get Self from Level, or Level from Self. However, this requires
869
      --  non-portable address arithmetic.
870
 
871
      E : Entry_Index;
872
 
873
      Prio : System.Any_Priority;
874
 
875
      --  The above fields are those that there may be some hope of packing.
876
      --  They are gathered together to allow for compilers that lay records
877
      --  out contiguously, to allow for such packing.
878
 
879
      Called_Task : Task_Id;
880
      pragma Atomic (Called_Task);
881
      --  Use for task entry calls. The value is null if the call record is
882
      --  not in use. Conversely, unless State is Done and Onqueue is false,
883
      --  Called_Task points to an ATCB.
884
      --
885
      --  Protection:  Called_Task.L
886
 
887
      Called_PO : System.Address;
888
      pragma Atomic (Called_PO);
889
      --  Similar to Called_Task but for protected objects
890
      --
891
      --  Note that the previous implementation tried to merge both
892
      --  Called_Task and Called_PO but this ended up in many unexpected
893
      --  complications (e.g having to add a magic number in the ATCB, which
894
      --  caused gdb lots of confusion) with no real gain since the
895
      --  Lock_Server implementation still need to loop around chasing for
896
      --  pointer changes even with a single pointer.
897
 
898
      Acceptor_Prev_Call : Entry_Call_Link;
899
      --  For task entry calls only
900
 
901
      Acceptor_Prev_Priority : Rendezvous_Priority := Priority_Not_Boosted;
902
      --  For task entry calls only. The priority of the most recent prior
903
      --  call being serviced. For protected entry calls, this function should
904
      --  be performed by GNULLI ceiling locking.
905
 
906
      Cancellation_Attempted : Boolean := False;
907
      pragma Atomic (Cancellation_Attempted);
908
      --  Cancellation of the call has been attempted.
909
      --  Consider merging this into State???
910
 
911
      With_Abort : Boolean := False;
912
      --  Tell caller whether the call may be aborted
913
      --  ??? consider merging this with Was_Abortable state
914
 
915
      Needs_Requeue : Boolean := False;
916
      --  Temporary to tell acceptor of task entry call that
917
      --  Exceptional_Complete_Rendezvous needs to do requeue.
918
   end record;
919
 
920
   ------------------------------------
921
   -- Task related other definitions --
922
   ------------------------------------
923
 
924
   type Access_Address is access all System.Address;
925
   --  Anonymous pointer used to implement task attributes (see s-tataat.adb
926
   --  and a-tasatt.adb)
927
 
928
   pragma No_Strict_Aliasing (Access_Address);
929
   --  This type is used in contexts where aliasing may be an issue (see
930
   --  for example s-tataat.adb), so we avoid any incorrect aliasing
931
   --  assumptions.
932
 
933
   ----------------------------------------------
934
   -- Ada_Task_Control_Block (ATCB) definition --
935
   ----------------------------------------------
936
 
937
   type Entry_Call_Array is array (ATC_Level_Index) of
938
     aliased Entry_Call_Record;
939
 
940
   type Direct_Index is range 0 .. Parameters.Default_Attribute_Count;
941
   subtype Direct_Index_Range is Direct_Index range 1 .. Direct_Index'Last;
942
   --  Attributes with indexes in this range are stored directly in the task
943
   --  control block. Such attributes must be Address-sized. Other attributes
944
   --  will be held in dynamically allocated records chained off of the task
945
   --  control block.
946
 
947
   type Direct_Attribute_Element is mod Memory_Size;
948
   pragma Atomic (Direct_Attribute_Element);
949
 
950
   type Direct_Attribute_Array is
951
     array (Direct_Index_Range) of aliased Direct_Attribute_Element;
952
 
953
   type Direct_Index_Vector is mod 2 ** Parameters.Default_Attribute_Count;
954
   --  This is a bit-vector type, used to store information about
955
   --  the usage of the direct attribute fields.
956
 
957
   type Task_Serial_Number is mod 2 ** 64;
958
   --  Used to give each task a unique serial number
959
 
960
   type Ada_Task_Control_Block (Entry_Num : Task_Entry_Index) is record
961
      Common : Common_ATCB;
962
      --  The common part between various tasking implementations
963
 
964
      Entry_Calls : Entry_Call_Array;
965
      --  An array of entry calls
966
      --
967
      --  Protection: The elements of this array are on entry call queues
968
      --  associated with protected objects or task entries, and are protected
969
      --  by the protected object lock or Acceptor.L, respectively.
970
 
971
      Entry_Names : Entry_Names_Array_Access := null;
972
      --  An array of string names which denotes entry [family member] names.
973
      --  The structure is indexed by task entry index and contains Entry_Num
974
      --  components.
975
 
976
      New_Base_Priority : System.Any_Priority;
977
      --  New value for Base_Priority (for dynamic priorities package)
978
      --
979
      --  Protection: Self.L
980
 
981
      Open_Accepts : Accept_List_Access;
982
      --  This points to the Open_Accepts array of accept alternatives passed
983
      --  to the RTS by the compiler-generated code to Selective_Wait. It is
984
      --  non-null iff this task is ready to accept an entry call.
985
      --
986
      --  Protection: Self.L
987
 
988
      Chosen_Index : Select_Index;
989
      --  The index in Open_Accepts of the entry call accepted by a selective
990
      --  wait executed by this task.
991
      --
992
      --  Protection: Written by both Self and Caller. Usually protected by
993
      --  Self.L. However, once the selection is known to have been written it
994
      --  can be accessed without protection. This happens after Self has
995
      --  updated it itself using information from a suspended Caller, or
996
      --  after Caller has updated it and awakened Self.
997
 
998
      Master_of_Task : Master_Level;
999
      --  The task executing the master of this task, and the ID of this task's
1000
      --  master (unique only among masters currently active within Parent).
1001
      --
1002
      --  Protection: Set by Activator before Self is activated, and read
1003
      --  after Self is activated.
1004
 
1005
      Master_Within : Master_Level;
1006
      --  The ID of the master currently executing within this task; that is,
1007
      --  the most deeply nested currently active master.
1008
      --
1009
      --  Protection: Only written by Self, and only read by Self or by
1010
      --  dependents when Self is attempting to exit a master. Since Self will
1011
      --  not write this field until the master is complete, the
1012
      --  synchronization should be adequate to prevent races.
1013
 
1014
      Alive_Count : Natural := 0;
1015
      --  Number of tasks directly dependent on this task (including itself)
1016
      --  that are still "alive", i.e. not terminated.
1017
      --
1018
      --  Protection: Self.L
1019
 
1020
      Awake_Count : Natural := 0;
1021
      --  Number of tasks directly dependent on this task (including itself)
1022
      --  still "awake", i.e., are not terminated and not waiting on a
1023
      --  terminate alternative.
1024
      --
1025
      --  Invariant: Awake_Count <= Alive_Count
1026
 
1027
      --  Protection: Self.L
1028
 
1029
      --  Beginning of flags
1030
 
1031
      Aborting : Boolean := False;
1032
      pragma Atomic (Aborting);
1033
      --  Self is in the process of aborting. While set, prevents multiple
1034
      --  abort signals from being sent by different aborter while abort
1035
      --  is acted upon. This is essential since an aborter which calls
1036
      --  Abort_To_Level could set the Pending_ATC_Level to yet a lower level
1037
      --  (than the current level), may be preempted and would send the
1038
      --  abort signal when resuming execution. At this point, the abortee
1039
      --  may have completed abort to the proper level such that the
1040
      --  signal (and resulting abort exception) are not handled any more.
1041
      --  In other words, the flag prevents a race between multiple aborters
1042
      --
1043
      --  Protection: protected by atomic access.
1044
 
1045
      ATC_Hack : Boolean := False;
1046
      pragma Atomic (ATC_Hack);
1047
      --  ?????
1048
      --  Temporary fix, to allow Undefer_Abort to reset Aborting in the
1049
      --  handler for Abort_Signal that encloses an async. entry call.
1050
      --  For the longer term, this should be done via code in the
1051
      --  handler itself.
1052
 
1053
      Callable : Boolean := True;
1054
      --  It is OK to call entries of this task
1055
 
1056
      Dependents_Aborted : Boolean := False;
1057
      --  This is set to True by whichever task takes responsibility for
1058
      --  aborting the dependents of this task.
1059
      --
1060
      --  Protection: Self.L
1061
 
1062
      Interrupt_Entry : Boolean := False;
1063
      --  Indicates if one or more Interrupt Entries are attached to the task.
1064
      --  This flag is needed for cleaning up the Interrupt Entry bindings.
1065
 
1066
      Pending_Action : Boolean := False;
1067
      --  Unified flag indicating some action needs to be take when abort
1068
      --  next becomes undeferred. Currently set if:
1069
      --  . Pending_Priority_Change is set
1070
      --  . Pending_ATC_Level is changed
1071
      --  . Requeue involving POs
1072
      --    (Abortable field may have changed and the Wait_Until_Abortable
1073
      --     has to recheck the abortable status of the call.)
1074
      --  . Exception_To_Raise is non-null
1075
      --
1076
      --  Protection: Self.L
1077
      --
1078
      --  This should never be reset back to False outside of the procedure
1079
      --  Do_Pending_Action, which is called by Undefer_Abort. It should only
1080
      --  be set to True by Set_Priority and Abort_To_Level.
1081
 
1082
      Pending_Priority_Change : Boolean := False;
1083
      --  Flag to indicate pending priority change (for dynamic priorities
1084
      --  package). The base priority is updated on the next abort
1085
      --  completion point (aka. synchronization point).
1086
      --
1087
      --  Protection: Self.L
1088
 
1089
      Terminate_Alternative : Boolean := False;
1090
      --  Task is accepting Select with Terminate Alternative
1091
      --
1092
      --  Protection: Self.L
1093
 
1094
      --  End of flags
1095
 
1096
      --  Beginning of counts
1097
 
1098
      ATC_Nesting_Level : ATC_Level := 1;
1099
      --  The dynamic level of ATC nesting (currently executing nested
1100
      --  asynchronous select statements) in this task.
1101
 
1102
      --  Protection: Self_ID.L. Only Self reads or updates this field.
1103
      --  Decrementing it deallocates an Entry_Calls component, and care must
1104
      --  be taken that all references to that component are eliminated before
1105
      --  doing the decrement. This in turn will require locking a protected
1106
      --  object (for a protected entry call) or the Acceptor's lock (for a
1107
      --  task entry call). No other task should attempt to read or modify
1108
      --  this value.
1109
 
1110
      Deferral_Level : Natural := 1;
1111
      --  This is the number of times that Defer_Abort has been called by
1112
      --  this task without a matching Undefer_Abort call. Abortion is only
1113
      --  allowed when this zero. It is initially 1, to protect the task at
1114
      --  startup.
1115
 
1116
      --  Protection: Only updated by Self; access assumed to be atomic
1117
 
1118
      Pending_ATC_Level : ATC_Level_Base := ATC_Level_Infinity;
1119
      --  The ATC level to which this task is currently being aborted. If the
1120
      --  value is zero, the entire task has "completed". That may be via
1121
      --  abort, exception propagation, or normal exit. If the value is
1122
      --  ATC_Level_Infinity, the task is not being aborted to any level. If
1123
      --  the value is positive, the task has not completed. This should ONLY
1124
      --  be modified by Abort_To_Level and Exit_One_ATC_Level.
1125
      --
1126
      --  Protection: Self.L
1127
 
1128
      Serial_Number : Task_Serial_Number;
1129
      --  Monotonic counter to provide some way to check locking rules/ordering
1130
 
1131
      Known_Tasks_Index : Integer := -1;
1132
      --  Index in the System.Tasking.Debug.Known_Tasks array
1133
 
1134
      User_State : Long_Integer := 0;
1135
      --  User-writeable location, for use in debugging tasks; also provides a
1136
      --  simple task specific data.
1137
 
1138
      Direct_Attributes : Direct_Attribute_Array;
1139
      --  For task attributes that have same size as Address
1140
 
1141
      Is_Defined : Direct_Index_Vector := 0;
1142
      --  Bit I is 1 iff Direct_Attributes (I) is defined
1143
 
1144
      Indirect_Attributes : Access_Address;
1145
      --  A pointer to chain of records for other attributes that are not
1146
      --  address-sized, including all tagged types.
1147
 
1148
      Entry_Queues : Task_Entry_Queue_Array (1 .. Entry_Num);
1149
      --  An array of task entry queues
1150
      --
1151
      --  Protection: Self.L. Once a task has set Self.Stage to Completing, it
1152
      --  has exclusive access to this field.
1153
 
1154
      Free_On_Termination : Boolean := False;
1155
      --  Deallocate the ATCB when the task terminates. This flag is normally
1156
      --  False, and is set True when Unchecked_Deallocation is called on a
1157
      --  non-terminated task so that the associated storage is automatically
1158
      --  reclaimed when the task terminates.
1159
   end record;
1160
 
1161
   --------------------
1162
   -- Initialization --
1163
   --------------------
1164
 
1165
   procedure Initialize;
1166
   --  This procedure constitutes the first part of the initialization of the
1167
   --  GNARL. This includes creating data structures to make the initial thread
1168
   --  into the environment task. The last part of the initialization is done
1169
   --  in System.Tasking.Initialization or System.Tasking.Restricted.Stages.
1170
   --  All the initializations used to be in Tasking.Initialization, but this
1171
   --  is no longer possible with the run time simplification (including
1172
   --  optimized PO and the restricted run time) since one cannot rely on
1173
   --  System.Tasking.Initialization being present, as was done before.
1174
 
1175
   procedure Initialize_ATCB
1176
     (Self_ID          : Task_Id;
1177
      Task_Entry_Point : Task_Procedure_Access;
1178
      Task_Arg         : System.Address;
1179
      Parent           : Task_Id;
1180
      Elaborated       : Access_Boolean;
1181
      Base_Priority    : System.Any_Priority;
1182
      Base_CPU         : System.Multiprocessors.CPU_Range;
1183
      Domain           : Dispatching_Domain_Access;
1184
      Task_Info        : System.Task_Info.Task_Info_Type;
1185
      Stack_Size       : System.Parameters.Size_Type;
1186
      T                : Task_Id;
1187
      Success          : out Boolean);
1188
   --  Initialize fields of a TCB and link into global TCB structures Call
1189
   --  this only with abort deferred and holding RTS_Lock. Need more
1190
   --  documentation, mention T, and describe Success ???
1191
 
1192
private
1193
 
1194
   Null_Task : constant Task_Id := null;
1195
 
1196
   type Activation_Chain is limited record
1197
      T_ID : Task_Id;
1198
   end record;
1199
 
1200
   --  Activation_Chain is an in-out parameter of initialization procedures and
1201
   --  it must be passed by reference because the init proc may terminate
1202
   --  abnormally after creating task components, and these must be properly
1203
   --  registered for removal (Expunge_Unactivated_Tasks). The "limited" forces
1204
   --  Activation_Chain to be a by-reference type; see RM-6.2(4).
1205
 
1206
end System.Tasking;

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