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/* Decimal 64-bit format module for the decNumber C Library.
   Copyright (C) 2005, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
 
   This file is part of GCC.
 
   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
   Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
   version.
 
   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
   for more details.
 
Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Decimal 64-bit format module                                       */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* This module comprises the routines for decimal64 format numbers.   */
/* Conversions are supplied to and from decNumber and String.         */
/*                                                                    */
/* This is used when decNumber provides operations, either for all    */
/* operations or as a proxy between decNumber and decSingle.          */
/*                                                                    */
/* Error handling is the same as decNumber (qv.).                     */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
#include <string.h>           /* [for memset/memcpy] */
#include <stdio.h>            /* [for printf] */
 
#include "dconfig.h"          /* GCC definitions */
#define  DECNUMDIGITS 16      /* make decNumbers with space for 16 */
#include "decNumber.h"        /* base number library */
#include "decNumberLocal.h"   /* decNumber local types, etc. */
#include "decimal64.h"        /* our primary include */
 
/* Utility routines and tables [in decimal64.c]; externs for C++ */
extern const uInt COMBEXP[32], COMBMSD[32];
extern const uShort DPD2BIN[1024];
extern const uShort BIN2DPD[1000];
extern const uByte  BIN2CHAR[4001];
 
extern void decDigitsFromDPD(decNumber *, const uInt *, Int);
extern void decDigitsToDPD(const decNumber *, uInt *, Int);
 
#if DECTRACE || DECCHECK
void decimal64Show(const decimal64 *);            /* for debug */
extern void decNumberShow(const decNumber *);     /* .. */
#endif
 
/* Useful macro */
/* Clear a structure (e.g., a decNumber) */
#define DEC_clear(d) memset(d, 0, sizeof(*d))
 
/* define and include the tables to use for conversions */
#define DEC_BIN2CHAR 1
#define DEC_DPD2BIN  1
#define DEC_BIN2DPD  1             /* used for all sizes */
#include "decDPD.h"                /* lookup tables */
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal64FromNumber -- convert decNumber to decimal64              */
/*                                                                    */
/*   ds is the target decimal64                                       */
/*   dn is the source number (assumed valid)                          */
/*   set is the context, used only for reporting errors               */
/*                                                                    */
/* The set argument is used only for status reporting and for the     */
/* rounding mode (used if the coefficient is more than DECIMAL64_Pmax */
/* digits or an overflow is detected).  If the exponent is out of the */
/* valid range then Overflow or Underflow will be raised.             */
/* After Underflow a subnormal result is possible.                    */
/*                                                                    */
/* DEC_Clamped is set if the number has to be 'folded down' to fit,   */
/* by reducing its exponent and multiplying the coefficient by a      */
/* power of ten, or if the exponent on a zero had to be clamped.      */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
decimal64 * decimal64FromNumber(decimal64 *d64, const decNumber *dn,
                                decContext *set) {
  uInt status=0;            /* status accumulator */
  Int ae;                          /* adjusted exponent */
  decNumber  dw;                   /* work */
  decContext dc;                   /* .. */
  uInt comb, exp;                  /* .. */
  uInt uiwork;                     /* for macros */
  uInt targar[2]={0, 0};     /* target 64-bit */
  #define targhi targar[1]         /* name the word with the sign */
  #define targlo targar[0]         /* and the other */
 
  /* If the number has too many digits, or the exponent could be */
  /* out of range then reduce the number under the appropriate */
  /* constraints.  This could push the number to Infinity or zero, */
  /* so this check and rounding must be done before generating the */
  /* decimal64] */
  ae=dn->exponent+dn->digits-1;              /* [0 if special] */
  if (dn->digits>DECIMAL64_Pmax              /* too many digits */
   || ae>DECIMAL64_Emax                      /* likely overflow */
   || ae<DECIMAL64_Emin) {                   /* likely underflow */
    decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64); /* [no traps] */
    dc.round=set->round;                     /* use supplied rounding */
    decNumberPlus(&dw, dn, &dc);             /* (round and check) */
    /* [this changes -0 to 0, so enforce the sign...] */
    dw.bits|=dn->bits&DECNEG;
    status=dc.status;                        /* save status */
    dn=&dw;                                  /* use the work number */
    } /* maybe out of range */
 
  if (dn->bits&DECSPECIAL) {                      /* a special value */
    if (dn->bits&DECINF) targhi=DECIMAL_Inf<<24;
     else {                                       /* sNaN or qNaN */
      if ((*dn->lsu!=0 || dn->digits>1)    /* non-zero coefficient */
       && (dn->digits<DECIMAL64_Pmax)) {          /* coefficient fits */
        decDigitsToDPD(dn, targar, 0);
        }
      if (dn->bits&DECNAN) targhi|=DECIMAL_NaN<<24;
       else targhi|=DECIMAL_sNaN<<24;
      } /* a NaN */
    } /* special */
 
   else { /* is finite */
    if (decNumberIsZero(dn)) {               /* is a zero */
      /* set and clamp exponent */
      if (dn->exponent<-DECIMAL64_Bias) {
        exp=0;                                /* low clamp */
        status|=DEC_Clamped;
        }
       else {
        exp=dn->exponent+DECIMAL64_Bias;     /* bias exponent */
        if (exp>DECIMAL64_Ehigh) {           /* top clamp */
          exp=DECIMAL64_Ehigh;
          status|=DEC_Clamped;
          }
        }
      comb=(exp>>5) & 0x18;             /* msd=0, exp top 2 bits .. */
      }
     else {                             /* non-zero finite number */
      uInt msd;                         /* work */
      Int pad=0;                 /* coefficient pad digits */
 
      /* the dn is known to fit, but it may need to be padded */
      exp=(uInt)(dn->exponent+DECIMAL64_Bias);    /* bias exponent */
      if (exp>DECIMAL64_Ehigh) {                  /* fold-down case */
        pad=exp-DECIMAL64_Ehigh;
        exp=DECIMAL64_Ehigh;                      /* [to maximum] */
        status|=DEC_Clamped;
        }
 
      /* fastpath common case */
      if (DECDPUN==3 && pad==0) {
        uInt dpd[6]={0,0,0,0,0,0};
        uInt i;
        Int d=dn->digits;
        for (i=0; d>0; i++, d-=3) dpd[i]=BIN2DPD[dn->lsu[i]];
        targlo =dpd[0];
        targlo|=dpd[1]<<10;
        targlo|=dpd[2]<<20;
        if (dn->digits>6) {
          targlo|=dpd[3]<<30;
          targhi =dpd[3]>>2;
          targhi|=dpd[4]<<8;
          }
        msd=dpd[5];                /* [did not really need conversion] */
        }
       else { /* general case */
        decDigitsToDPD(dn, targar, pad);
        /* save and clear the top digit */
        msd=targhi>>18;
        targhi&=0x0003ffff;
        }
 
      /* create the combination field */
      if (msd>=8) comb=0x18 | ((exp>>7) & 0x06) | (msd & 0x01);
             else comb=((exp>>5) & 0x18) | msd;
      }
    targhi|=comb<<26;              /* add combination field .. */
    targhi|=(exp&0xff)<<18;        /* .. and exponent continuation */
    } /* finite */
 
  if (dn->bits&DECNEG) targhi|=0x80000000; /* add sign bit */
 
  /* now write to storage; this is now always endian */
  if (DECLITEND) {
    /* lo int then hi */
    UBFROMUI(d64->bytes,   targar[0]);
    UBFROMUI(d64->bytes+4, targar[1]);
    }
   else {
    /* hi int then lo */
    UBFROMUI(d64->bytes,   targar[1]);
    UBFROMUI(d64->bytes+4, targar[0]);
    }
 
  if (status!=0) decContextSetStatus(set, status); /* pass on status */
  /* decimal64Show(d64); */
  return d64;
  } /* decimal64FromNumber */
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal64ToNumber -- convert decimal64 to decNumber                */
/*   d64 is the source decimal64                                      */
/*   dn is the target number, with appropriate space                  */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
decNumber * decimal64ToNumber(const decimal64 *d64, decNumber *dn) {
  uInt msd;                        /* coefficient MSD */
  uInt exp;                        /* exponent top two bits */
  uInt comb;                       /* combination field */
  Int  need;                       /* work */
  uInt uiwork;                     /* for macros */
  uInt sourar[2];                  /* source 64-bit */
  #define sourhi sourar[1]         /* name the word with the sign */
  #define sourlo sourar[0]         /* and the lower word */
 
  /* load source from storage; this is endian */
  if (DECLITEND) {
    sourlo=UBTOUI(d64->bytes  );   /* directly load the low int */
    sourhi=UBTOUI(d64->bytes+4);   /* then the high int */
    }
   else {
    sourhi=UBTOUI(d64->bytes  );   /* directly load the high int */
    sourlo=UBTOUI(d64->bytes+4);   /* then the low int */
    }
 
  comb=(sourhi>>26)&0x1f;          /* combination field */
 
  decNumberZero(dn);               /* clean number */
  if (sourhi&0x80000000) dn->bits=DECNEG; /* set sign if negative */
 
  msd=COMBMSD[comb];               /* decode the combination field */
  exp=COMBEXP[comb];               /* .. */
 
  if (exp==3) {                    /* is a special */
    if (msd==0) {
      dn->bits|=DECINF;
      return dn;                   /* no coefficient needed */
      }
    else if (sourhi&0x02000000) dn->bits|=DECSNAN;
    else dn->bits|=DECNAN;
    msd=0;                          /* no top digit */
    }
   else {                          /* is a finite number */
    dn->exponent=(exp<<8)+((sourhi>>18)&0xff)-DECIMAL64_Bias; /* unbiased */
    }
 
  /* get the coefficient */
  sourhi&=0x0003ffff;              /* clean coefficient continuation */
  if (msd) {                       /* non-zero msd */
    sourhi|=msd<<18;               /* prefix to coefficient */
    need=6;                        /* process 6 declets */
    }
   else { /* msd=0 */
    if (!sourhi) {                 /* top word 0 */
      if (!sourlo) return dn;      /* easy: coefficient is 0 */
      need=3;                      /* process at least 3 declets */
      if (sourlo&0xc0000000) need++; /* process 4 declets */
      /* [could reduce some more, here] */
      }
     else {                        /* some bits in top word, msd=0 */
      need=4;                      /* process at least 4 declets */
      if (sourhi&0x0003ff00) need++; /* top declet!=0, process 5 */
      }
    } /*msd=0 */
 
  decDigitsFromDPD(dn, sourar, need);   /* process declets */
  return dn;
  } /* decimal64ToNumber */
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* to-scientific-string -- conversion to numeric string               */
/* to-engineering-string -- conversion to numeric string              */
/*                                                                    */
/*   decimal64ToString(d64, string);                                  */
/*   decimal64ToEngString(d64, string);                               */
/*                                                                    */
/*  d64 is the decimal64 format number to convert                     */
/*  string is the string where the result will be laid out            */
/*                                                                    */
/*  string must be at least 24 characters                             */
/*                                                                    */
/*  No error is possible, and no status can be set.                   */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
char * decimal64ToEngString(const decimal64 *d64, char *string){
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decimal64ToNumber(d64, &dn);
  decNumberToEngString(&dn, string);
  return string;
  } /* decimal64ToEngString */
 
char * decimal64ToString(const decimal64 *d64, char *string){
  uInt msd;                        /* coefficient MSD */
  Int  exp;                        /* exponent top two bits or full */
  uInt comb;                       /* combination field */
  char *cstart;                    /* coefficient start */
  char *c;                         /* output pointer in string */
  const uByte *u;                  /* work */
  char *s, *t;                     /* .. (source, target) */
  Int  dpd;                        /* .. */
  Int  pre, e;                     /* .. */
  uInt uiwork;                     /* for macros */
 
  uInt sourar[2];                  /* source 64-bit */
  #define sourhi sourar[1]         /* name the word with the sign */
  #define sourlo sourar[0]         /* and the lower word */
 
  /* load source from storage; this is endian */
  if (DECLITEND) {
    sourlo=UBTOUI(d64->bytes  );   /* directly load the low int */
    sourhi=UBTOUI(d64->bytes+4);   /* then the high int */
    }
   else {
    sourhi=UBTOUI(d64->bytes  );   /* directly load the high int */
    sourlo=UBTOUI(d64->bytes+4);   /* then the low int */
    }
 
  c=string;                        /* where result will go */
  if (((Int)sourhi)<0) *c++='-';   /* handle sign */
 
  comb=(sourhi>>26)&0x1f;          /* combination field */
  msd=COMBMSD[comb];               /* decode the combination field */
  exp=COMBEXP[comb];               /* .. */
 
  if (exp==3) {
    if (msd==0) {                   /* infinity */
      strcpy(c,   "Inf");
      strcpy(c+3, "inity");
      return string;               /* easy */
      }
    if (sourhi&0x02000000) *c++='s'; /* sNaN */
    strcpy(c, "NaN");              /* complete word */
    c+=3;                          /* step past */
    if (sourlo==0 && (sourhi&0x0003ffff)==0) return string; /* zero payload */
    /* otherwise drop through to add integer; set correct exp */
    exp=0; msd=0;            /* setup for following code */
    }
   else exp=(exp<<8)+((sourhi>>18)&0xff)-DECIMAL64_Bias;
 
  /* convert 16 digits of significand to characters */
  cstart=c;                        /* save start of coefficient */
  if (msd) *c++='0'+(char)msd;     /* non-zero most significant digit */
 
  /* Now decode the declets.  After extracting each one, it is */
  /* decoded to binary and then to a 4-char sequence by table lookup; */
  /* the 4-chars are a 1-char length (significant digits, except 000 */
  /* has length 0).  This allows us to left-align the first declet */
  /* with non-zero content, then remaining ones are full 3-char */
  /* length.  We use fixed-length memcpys because variable-length */
  /* causes a subroutine call in GCC.  (These are length 4 for speed */
  /* and are safe because the array has an extra terminator byte.) */
  #define dpd2char u=&BIN2CHAR[DPD2BIN[dpd]*4];                   \
                   if (c!=cstart) {memcpy(c, u+1, 4); c+=3;}      \
                    else if (*u)  {memcpy(c, u+4-*u, 4); c+=*u;}
 
  dpd=(sourhi>>8)&0x3ff;                     /* declet 1 */
  dpd2char;
  dpd=((sourhi&0xff)<<2) | (sourlo>>30);     /* declet 2 */
  dpd2char;
  dpd=(sourlo>>20)&0x3ff;                    /* declet 3 */
  dpd2char;
  dpd=(sourlo>>10)&0x3ff;                    /* declet 4 */
  dpd2char;
  dpd=(sourlo)&0x3ff;                        /* declet 5 */
  dpd2char;
 
  if (c==cstart) *c++='0';         /* all zeros -- make 0 */
 
  if (exp==0) {             /* integer or NaN case -- easy */
    *c='\0';                       /* terminate */
    return string;
    }
 
  /* non-0 exponent */
  e=0;                              /* assume no E */
  pre=c-cstart+exp;
  /* [here, pre-exp is the digits count (==1 for zero)] */
  if (exp>0 || pre<-5) {    /* need exponential form */
    e=pre-1;                       /* calculate E value */
    pre=1;                         /* assume one digit before '.' */
    } /* exponential form */
 
  /* modify the coefficient, adding 0s, '.', and E+nn as needed */
  s=c-1;                           /* source (LSD) */
  if (pre>0) {                      /* ddd.ddd (plain), perhaps with E */
    char *dotat=cstart+pre;
    if (dotat<c) {                 /* if embedded dot needed... */
      t=c;                              /* target */
      for (; s>=dotat; s--, t--) *t=*s; /* open the gap; leave t at gap */
      *t='.';                           /* insert the dot */
      c++;                              /* length increased by one */
      }
 
    /* finally add the E-part, if needed; it will never be 0, and has */
    /* a maximum length of 3 digits */
    if (e!=0) {
      *c++='E';                    /* starts with E */
      *c++='+';                    /* assume positive */
      if (e<0) {
        *(c-1)='-';                /* oops, need '-' */
        e=-e;                      /* uInt, please */
        }
      u=&BIN2CHAR[e*4];            /* -> length byte */
      memcpy(c, u+4-*u, 4);        /* copy fixed 4 characters [is safe] */
      c+=*u;                       /* bump pointer appropriately */
      }
    *c='\0';                       /* add terminator */
    /*printf("res %s\n", string); */
    return string;
    } /* pre>0 */
 
  /* -5<=pre<=0: here for plain 0.ddd or 0.000ddd forms (can never have E) */
  t=c+1-pre;
  *(t+1)='\0';                          /* can add terminator now */
  for (; s>=cstart; s--, t--) *t=*s;    /* shift whole coefficient right */
  c=cstart;
  *c++='0';                             /* always starts with 0. */
  *c++='.';
  for (; pre<0; pre++) *c++='0'; /* add any 0's after '.' */
  /*printf("res %s\n", string); */
  return string;
  } /* decimal64ToString */
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* to-number -- conversion from numeric string                        */
/*                                                                    */
/*   decimal64FromString(result, string, set);                        */
/*                                                                    */
/*  result  is the decimal64 format number which gets the result of   */
/*          the conversion                                            */
/*  *string is the character string which should contain a valid      */
/*          number (which may be a special value)                     */
/*  set     is the context                                            */
/*                                                                    */
/* The context is supplied to this routine is used for error handling */
/* (setting of status and traps) and for the rounding mode, only.     */
/* If an error occurs, the result will be a valid decimal64 NaN.      */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
decimal64 * decimal64FromString(decimal64 *result, const char *string,
                                decContext *set) {
  decContext dc;                             /* work */
  decNumber dn;                              /* .. */
 
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64); /* no traps, please */
  dc.round=set->round;                        /* use supplied rounding */
 
  decNumberFromString(&dn, string, &dc);     /* will round if needed */
 
  decimal64FromNumber(result, &dn, &dc);
  if (dc.status!=0) {                         /* something happened */
    decContextSetStatus(set, dc.status);     /* .. pass it on */
    }
  return result;
  } /* decimal64FromString */
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal64IsCanonical -- test whether encoding is canonical         */
/*   d64 is the source decimal64                                      */
/*   returns 1 if the encoding of d64 is canonical, 0 otherwise       */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
uInt decimal64IsCanonical(const decimal64 *d64) {
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decimal64 canon;                      /* .. */
  decContext dc;                        /* .. */
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64);
  decimal64ToNumber(d64, &dn);
  decimal64FromNumber(&canon, &dn, &dc);/* canon will now be canonical */
  return memcmp(d64, &canon, DECIMAL64_Bytes)==0;
  } /* decimal64IsCanonical */
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal64Canonical -- copy an encoding, ensuring it is canonical   */
/*   d64 is the source decimal64                                      */
/*   result is the target (may be the same decimal64)                 */
/*   returns result                                                   */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
decimal64 * decimal64Canonical(decimal64 *result, const decimal64 *d64) {
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decContext dc;                        /* .. */
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64);
  decimal64ToNumber(d64, &dn);
  decimal64FromNumber(result, &dn, &dc);/* result will now be canonical */
  return result;
  } /* decimal64Canonical */
 
#if DECTRACE || DECCHECK
/* Macros for accessing decimal64 fields.  These assume the
   argument is a reference (pointer) to the decimal64 structure,
   and the decimal64 is in network byte order (big-endian) */
/* Get sign */
#define decimal64Sign(d)       ((unsigned)(d)->bytes[0]>>7)
 
/* Get combination field */
#define decimal64Comb(d)       (((d)->bytes[0] & 0x7c)>>2)
 
/* Get exponent continuation [does not remove bias] */
#define decimal64ExpCon(d)     ((((d)->bytes[0] & 0x03)<<6)           \
                             | ((unsigned)(d)->bytes[1]>>2))
 
/* Set sign [this assumes sign previously 0] */
#define decimal64SetSign(d, b) {                                      \
  (d)->bytes[0]|=((unsigned)(b)<<7);}
 
/* Set exponent continuation [does not apply bias] */
/* This assumes range has been checked and exponent previously 0; */
/* type of exponent must be unsigned */
#define decimal64SetExpCon(d, e) {                                    \
  (d)->bytes[0]|=(uByte)((e)>>6);                                      \
  (d)->bytes[1]|=(uByte)(((e)&0x3F)<<2);}
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal64Show -- display a decimal64 in hexadecimal [debug aid]    */
/*   d64 -- the number to show                                        */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Also shows sign/cob/expconfields extracted */
void decimal64Show(const decimal64 *d64) {
  char buf[DECIMAL64_Bytes*2+1];
  Int i, j=0;
 
  if (DECLITEND) {
    for (i=0; i<DECIMAL64_Bytes; i++, j+=2) {
      sprintf(&buf[j], "%02x", d64->bytes[7-i]);
      }
    printf(" D64> %s [S:%d Cb:%02x Ec:%02x] LittleEndian\n", buf,
           d64->bytes[7]>>7, (d64->bytes[7]>>2)&0x1f,
           ((d64->bytes[7]&0x3)<<6)| (d64->bytes[6]>>2));
    }
   else { /* big-endian */
    for (i=0; i<DECIMAL64_Bytes; i++, j+=2) {
      sprintf(&buf[j], "%02x", d64->bytes[i]);
      }
    printf(" D64> %s [S:%d Cb:%02x Ec:%02x] BigEndian\n", buf,
           decimal64Sign(d64), decimal64Comb(d64), decimal64ExpCon(d64));
    }
  } /* decimal64Show */
#endif
 
/* ================================================================== */
/* Shared utility routines and tables                                 */
/* ================================================================== */
/* define and include the conversion tables to use for shared code */
#if DECDPUN==3
  #define DEC_DPD2BIN 1
#else
  #define DEC_DPD2BCD 1
#endif
#include "decDPD.h"           /* lookup tables */
 
/* The maximum number of decNumberUnits needed for a working copy of */
/* the units array is the ceiling of digits/DECDPUN, where digits is */
/* the maximum number of digits in any of the formats for which this */
/* is used.  decimal128.h must not be included in this module, so, as */
/* a very special case, that number is defined as a literal here. */
#define DECMAX754   34
#define DECMAXUNITS ((DECMAX754+DECDPUN-1)/DECDPUN)
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Combination field lookup tables (uInts to save measurable work)    */
/*                                                                    */
/*      COMBEXP - 2-bit most-significant-bits of exponent             */
/*                [11 if an Infinity or NaN]                          */
/*      COMBMSD - 4-bit most-significant-digit                        */
/*                [0=Infinity, 1=NaN if COMBEXP=11]                   */
/*                                                                    */
/* Both are indexed by the 5-bit combination field (0-31)             */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
const uInt COMBEXP[32]={0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
                        2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
                        0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3};
const uInt COMBMSD[32]={0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
                        0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
                        0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
                        8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 0, 1};
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decDigitsToDPD -- pack coefficient into DPD form                   */
/*                                                                    */
/*   dn   is the source number (assumed valid, max DECMAX754 digits)  */
/*   targ is 1, 2, or 4-element uInt array, which the caller must     */
/*        have cleared to zeros                                       */
/*   shift is the number of 0 digits to add on the right (normally 0) */
/*                                                                    */
/* The coefficient must be known small enough to fit.  The full       */
/* coefficient is copied, including the leading 'odd' digit.  This    */
/* digit is retrieved and packed into the combination field by the    */
/* caller.                                                            */
/*                                                                    */
/* The target uInts are altered only as necessary to receive the      */
/* digits of the decNumber.  When more than one uInt is needed, they  */
/* are filled from left to right (that is, the uInt at offset 0 will  */
/* end up with the least-significant digits).                         */
/*                                                                    */
/* shift is used for 'fold-down' padding.                             */
/*                                                                    */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
#if DECDPUN<=4
/* Constant multipliers for divide-by-power-of five using reciprocal */
/* multiply, after removing powers of 2 by shifting, and final shift */
/* of 17 [we only need up to **4] */
static const uInt multies[]={131073, 26215, 5243, 1049, 210};
/* QUOT10 -- macro to return the quotient of unit u divided by 10**n */
#define QUOT10(u, n) ((((uInt)(u)>>(n))*multies[n])>>17)
#endif
void decDigitsToDPD(const decNumber *dn, uInt *targ, Int shift) {
  Int  cut;                   /* work */
  Int  n;                     /* output bunch counter */
  Int  digits=dn->digits;     /* digit countdown */
  uInt dpd;                   /* densely packed decimal value */
  uInt bin;                   /* binary value 0-999 */
  uInt *uout=targ;            /* -> current output uInt */
  uInt  uoff=0;        /* -> current output offset [from right] */
  const Unit *inu=dn->lsu;    /* -> current input unit */
  Unit  uar[DECMAXUNITS];     /* working copy of units, iff shifted */
  #if DECDPUN!=3              /* not fast path */
    Unit in;                  /* current unit */
  #endif
 
  if (shift!=0) {              /* shift towards most significant required */
    /* shift the units array to the left by pad digits and copy */
    /* [this code is a special case of decShiftToMost, which could */
    /* be used instead if exposed and the array were copied first] */
    const Unit *source;                 /* .. */
    Unit  *target, *first;              /* .. */
    uInt  next=0;                        /* work */
 
    source=dn->lsu+D2U(digits)-1;       /* where msu comes from */
    target=uar+D2U(digits)-1+D2U(shift);/* where upper part of first cut goes */
    cut=DECDPUN-MSUDIGITS(shift);       /* where to slice */
    if (cut==0) {                        /* unit-boundary case */
      for (; source>=dn->lsu; source--, target--) *target=*source;
      }
     else {
      first=uar+D2U(digits+shift)-1;    /* where msu will end up */
      for (; source>=dn->lsu; source--, target--) {
        /* split the source Unit and accumulate remainder for next */
        #if DECDPUN<=4
          uInt quot=QUOT10(*source, cut);
          uInt rem=*source-quot*DECPOWERS[cut];
          next+=quot;
        #else
          uInt rem=*source%DECPOWERS[cut];
          next+=*source/DECPOWERS[cut];
        #endif
        if (target<=first) *target=(Unit)next; /* write to target iff valid */
        next=rem*DECPOWERS[DECDPUN-cut];       /* save remainder for next Unit */
        }
      } /* shift-move */
    /* propagate remainder to one below and clear the rest */
    for (; target>=uar; target--) {
      *target=(Unit)next;
      next=0;
      }
    digits+=shift;                 /* add count (shift) of zeros added */
    inu=uar;                       /* use units in working array */
    }
 
  /* now densely pack the coefficient into DPD declets */
 
  #if DECDPUN!=3                   /* not fast path */
    in=*inu;                       /* current unit */
    cut=0;                          /* at lowest digit */
    bin=0;                          /* [keep compiler quiet] */
  #endif
 
  for(n=0; digits>0; n++) {          /* each output bunch */
    #if DECDPUN==3                 /* fast path, 3-at-a-time */
      bin=*inu;                    /* 3 digits ready for convert */
      digits-=3;                   /* [may go negative] */
      inu++;                       /* may need another */
 
    #else                          /* must collect digit-by-digit */
      Unit dig;                    /* current digit */
      Int j;                       /* digit-in-declet count */
      for (j=0; j<3; j++) {
        #if DECDPUN<=4
          Unit temp=(Unit)((uInt)(in*6554)>>16);
          dig=(Unit)(in-X10(temp));
          in=temp;
        #else
          dig=in%10;
          in=in/10;
        #endif
        if (j==0) bin=dig;
         else if (j==1)  bin+=X10(dig);
         else /* j==2 */ bin+=X100(dig);
        digits--;
        if (digits==0) break;       /* [also protects *inu below] */
        cut++;
        if (cut==DECDPUN) {inu++; in=*inu; cut=0;}
        }
    #endif
    /* here there are 3 digits in bin, or have used all input digits */
 
    dpd=BIN2DPD[bin];
 
    /* write declet to uInt array */
    *uout|=dpd<<uoff;
    uoff+=10;
    if (uoff<32) continue;         /* no uInt boundary cross */
    uout++;
    uoff-=32;
    *uout|=dpd>>(10-uoff);         /* collect top bits */
    } /* n declets */
  return;
  } /* decDigitsToDPD */
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decDigitsFromDPD -- unpack a format's coefficient                  */
/*                                                                    */
/*   dn is the target number, with 7, 16, or 34-digit space.          */
/*   sour is a 1, 2, or 4-element uInt array containing only declets  */
/*   declets is the number of (right-aligned) declets in sour to      */
/*     be processed.  This may be 1 more than the obvious number in   */
/*     a format, as any top digit is prefixed to the coefficient      */
/*     continuation field.  It also may be as small as 1, as the      */
/*     caller may pre-process leading zero declets.                   */
/*                                                                    */
/* When doing the 'extra declet' case care is taken to avoid writing  */
/* extra digits when there are leading zeros, as these could overflow */
/* the units array when DECDPUN is not 3.                             */
/*                                                                    */
/* The target uInts are used only as necessary to process declets     */
/* declets into the decNumber.  When more than one uInt is needed,    */
/* they are used from left to right (that is, the uInt at offset 0    */
/* provides the least-significant digits).                            */
/*                                                                    */
/* dn->digits is set, but not the sign or exponent.                   */
/* No error is possible [the redundant 888 codes are allowed].        */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
void decDigitsFromDPD(decNumber *dn, const uInt *sour, Int declets) {
 
  uInt  dpd;                       /* collector for 10 bits */
  Int   n;                         /* counter */
  Unit  *uout=dn->lsu;             /* -> current output unit */
  Unit  *last=uout;                /* will be unit containing msd */
  const uInt *uin=sour;            /* -> current input uInt */
  uInt  uoff=0;             /* -> current input offset [from right] */
 
  #if DECDPUN!=3
  uInt  bcd;                       /* BCD result */
  uInt  nibble;                    /* work */
  Unit  out=0;                      /* accumulator */
  Int   cut=0;                      /* power of ten in current unit */
  #endif
  #if DECDPUN>4
  uInt const *pow;                 /* work */
  #endif
 
  /* Expand the densely-packed integer, right to left */
  for (n=declets-1; n>=0; n--) {   /* count down declets of 10 bits */
    dpd=*uin>>uoff;
    uoff+=10;
    if (uoff>32) {                 /* crossed uInt boundary */
      uin++;
      uoff-=32;
      dpd|=*uin<<(10-uoff);        /* get waiting bits */
      }
    dpd&=0x3ff;                    /* clear uninteresting bits */
 
  #if DECDPUN==3
    if (dpd==0) *uout=0;
     else {
      *uout=DPD2BIN[dpd];          /* convert 10 bits to binary 0-999 */
      last=uout;                   /* record most significant unit */
      }
    uout++;
    } /* n */
 
  #else /* DECDPUN!=3 */
    if (dpd==0) {                   /* fastpath [e.g., leading zeros] */
      /* write out three 0 digits (nibbles); out may have digit(s) */
      cut++;
      if (cut==DECDPUN) {*uout=out; if (out) {last=uout; out=0;} uout++; cut=0;}
      if (n==0) break;              /* [as below, works even if MSD=0] */
      cut++;
      if (cut==DECDPUN) {*uout=out; if (out) {last=uout; out=0;} uout++; cut=0;}
      cut++;
      if (cut==DECDPUN) {*uout=out; if (out) {last=uout; out=0;} uout++; cut=0;}
      continue;
      }
 
    bcd=DPD2BCD[dpd];              /* convert 10 bits to 12 bits BCD */
 
    /* now accumulate the 3 BCD nibbles into units */
    nibble=bcd & 0x00f;
    if (nibble) out=(Unit)(out+nibble*DECPOWERS[cut]);
    cut++;
    if (cut==DECDPUN) {*uout=out; if (out) {last=uout; out=0;} uout++; cut=0;}
    bcd>>=4;
 
    /* if this is the last declet and the remaining nibbles in bcd */
    /* are 00 then process no more nibbles, because this could be */
    /* the 'odd' MSD declet and writing any more Units would then */
    /* overflow the unit array */
    if (n==0 && !bcd) break;
 
    nibble=bcd & 0x00f;
    if (nibble) out=(Unit)(out+nibble*DECPOWERS[cut]);
    cut++;
    if (cut==DECDPUN) {*uout=out; if (out) {last=uout; out=0;} uout++; cut=0;}
    bcd>>=4;
 
    nibble=bcd & 0x00f;
    if (nibble) out=(Unit)(out+nibble*DECPOWERS[cut]);
    cut++;
    if (cut==DECDPUN) {*uout=out; if (out) {last=uout; out=0;} uout++; cut=0;}
    } /* n */
  if (cut!=0) {                  /* some more left over */
    *uout=out;                          /* write out final unit */
    if (out) last=uout;                 /* and note if non-zero */
    }
  #endif
 
  /* here, last points to the most significant unit with digits; */
  /* inspect it to get the final digits count -- this is essentially */
  /* the same code as decGetDigits in decNumber.c */
  dn->digits=(last-dn->lsu)*DECDPUN+1;  /* floor of digits, plus */
                                        /* must be at least 1 digit */
  #if DECDPUN>1
  if (*last<10) return;                 /* common odd digit or 0 */
  dn->digits++;                         /* must be 2 at least */
  #if DECDPUN>2
  if (*last<100) return;                /* 10-99 */
  dn->digits++;                         /* must be 3 at least */
  #if DECDPUN>3
  if (*last<1000) return;               /* 100-999 */
  dn->digits++;                         /* must be 4 at least */
  #if DECDPUN>4
  for (pow=&DECPOWERS[4]; *last>=*pow; pow++) dn->digits++;
  #endif
  #endif
  #endif
  #endif
  return;
  } /*decDigitsFromDPD */
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