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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10;      ISO C++&#10;    , &#10;      runtime&#10;    , &#10;      library&#10;    "/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="bk01pt04.html" title="Part IV.  Appendices"/><link rel="prev" href="appendix_gpl.html" title="Appendix D.  GNU General Public License version 3"/><link rel="next" href="../bk02.html" title=""/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_gpl.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. 
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  Appendices
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</th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../bk02.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="appendix.gfdl-1.3"/>GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div></div></div><p>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</p><p>
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    Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
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    <a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</a>
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  </p><p>
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    Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
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    license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section0"/>
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    0. PREAMBLE
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  </h3><p>
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    The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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    functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom:
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    to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
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    or without modifying it, either commercially or
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    noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
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    publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
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    responsible for modifications made by others.
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  </p><p>
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    This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that
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    derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same
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    sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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    license designed for free software.
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  </p><p>
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    We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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    software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
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    should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
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    does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
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    for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
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    published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
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    works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section1"/>
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    1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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  </h3><p>
37
    This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
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    contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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    distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
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    world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
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    under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below,
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    refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
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    modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
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    copyright law.
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    A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing
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    the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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    modifications and/or translated into another language.
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  </p><p>
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    A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter
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    section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of
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    with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
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    philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
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    The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
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    titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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    that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section
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    does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to
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    be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
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    The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
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    be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
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  </p><p>
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    A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable
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    straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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    formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
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    Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
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    PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
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    SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
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  </p><p>
97
    The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page
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    material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
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    formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page”
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    means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s
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    title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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  </p><p>
104
    The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes
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    copies of the Document to the public.
106
  </p><p>
107
    A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
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    whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
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    following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands
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    “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”,
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    “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve
113
    the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that
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    it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according to this
115
    definition.
116
  </p><p>
117
    The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
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    Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
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    these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
122
    meaning of this License.
123
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section2"/>
124
    2. VERBATIM COPYING
125
  </h3><p>
126
    You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
127
    commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
128
    notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
129
    Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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    conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
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    copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
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    exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
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    must also follow the conditions in section 3.
135
  </p><p>
136
    You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
137
    may publicly display copies.
138
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section3"/>
139
    3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
140
  </h3><p>
141
    If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
142
    printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
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    Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
144
    the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
145
    Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the
146
    back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
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    publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
148
    with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
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    other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
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    the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
151
    these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
152
  </p><p>
153
    If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
154
    you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
155
    actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
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  </p><p>
157
    If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
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    than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
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    along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
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    computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
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    access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
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    Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
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    latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
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    distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
165
    copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
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    year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
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    through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
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  </p><p>
169
    It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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    Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
171
    them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
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  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section4"/>
173
    4. MODIFICATIONS
174
  </h3><p>
175
    You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
176
    conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
177
    Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
178
    filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
179
    modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
180
    addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
181
  </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem">
182
        Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
183
        from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
184
        should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
185
        Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
186
        original publisher of that version gives permission.
187
      </li><li class="listitem">
188
        List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
189
        responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
190
        Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
191
        Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
192
        unless they release you from this requirement.
193
      </li><li class="listitem">
194
        State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
195
        Version, as the publisher.
196
      </li><li class="listitem">
197
        Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
198
      </li><li class="listitem">
199
        Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
200
        the other copyright notices.
201
      </li><li class="listitem">
202
        Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
203
        giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
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        terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
205
      </li><li class="listitem">
206
        Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
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        and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license
208
        notice.
209
      </li><li class="listitem">
210
        Include an unaltered copy of this License.
211
      </li><li class="listitem">
212
        Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its
213
        Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
214
        authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
215
        Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
216
        Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
217
        of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
218
        describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
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      </li><li class="listitem">
220
        Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
221
        public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
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        network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
223
        based on.  These may be placed in the “History”
224
        section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published
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        at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
226
        publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
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      </li><li class="listitem">
228
        For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or
229
        “Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and
230
        preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
231
        contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
232
      </li><li class="listitem">
233
        Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
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        their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
235
        not considered part of the section titles.
236
      </li><li class="listitem">
237
        Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section
238
        may not be included in the Modified Version.
239
      </li><li class="listitem">
240
        Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
241
        “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
242
        Section.
243
      </li><li class="listitem">
244
        Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
245
      </li></ol></div><p>
246
    If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
247
    that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
248
    Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
249
    as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant
250
    Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles
251
    must be distinct from any other section titles.
252
  </p><p>
253
    You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it
254
    contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
255
    parties — for example, statements of peer review or that the text
256
    has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
257
    standard.
258
  </p><p>
259
    You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
260
    passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
261
    Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
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    and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
263
    by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
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    same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
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    entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
266
    replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
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    that added the old one.
268
  </p><p>
269
    The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
270
    permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
271
    endorsement of any Modified Version.
272
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section5"/>
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    5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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  </h3><p>
275
    You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
276
    License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
277
    provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
278
    of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
279
    Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
280
    you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
281
  </p><p>
282
    The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
283
    identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
284
    are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
285
    make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
286
    parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
287
    if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
288
    titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
289
    combined work.
290
  </p><p>
291
    In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
292
    “History” in the various original documents, forming one
293
    section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections
294
    Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled
295
    “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled
296
    “Endorsements”.
297
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section6"/>
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    6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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  </h3><p>
300
    You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
301
    released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
302
    License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
303
    the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
304
    verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
305
  </p><p>
306
    You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
307
    it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
308
    License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
309
    respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
310
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section7"/>
311
    7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
312
  </h3><p>
313
    A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
314
    independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
315
    distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright
316
    resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of
317
    the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works
318
    permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
319
    not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
320
    derivative works of the Document.
321
  </p><p>
322
    If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
323
    of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
324
    aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that
325
    bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of
326
    covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
327
    on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
328
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section8"/>
329
    8. TRANSLATION
330
  </h3><p>
331
    Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
332
    translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
333
    Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
334
    their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
335
    Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
336
    Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
337
    license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
338
    that you also include the original English version of this License and the
339
    original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
340
    disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
341
    License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
342
  </p><p>
343
    If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
344
    “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement
345
    (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
346
    changing the actual title.
347
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section9"/>
348
    9. TERMINATION
349
  </h3><p>
350
    You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
351
    expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
352
    modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
353
    terminate your rights under this License.
354
  </p><p>
355
    However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
356
    from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless
357
    and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your
358
    license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you
359
    of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the
360
    cessation.
361
  </p><p>
362
    Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
363
    permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
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    reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
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    violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
366
    you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
367
  </p><p>
368
    Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
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    licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
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    License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
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    reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
372
    give you any rights to use it.
373
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section10"/>
374
    10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
375
  </h3><p>
376
    The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
377
    Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
378
    similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
379
    address new problems or concerns. See
380
    <a class="link" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">Copyleft</a>.
381
  </p><p>
382
    Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
383
    the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
384
    “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of
385
    following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
386
    any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
387
    Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
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    this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
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    by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy
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    can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
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    proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
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    authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
393
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-section11"/>
394
    11. RELICENSING
395
  </h3><p>
396
    “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC
397
    Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable
398
    works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those
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    works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a
400
    server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or
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    “MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable
402
    works thus published on the MMC site.
403
  </p><p>
404
    “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
405
    3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
406
    corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
407
    California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published
408
    by that same organization.
409
  </p><p>
410
    “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in
411
    whole or in part, as part of another Document.
412
  </p><p>
413
    An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under
414
    this License, and if all works that were first published under this
415
    License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in
416
    whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant
417
    sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
418
  </p><p>
419
    The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
420
    under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
421
    provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
422
  </p><h3><a id="fdl-1-addendum"/>
423
    ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
424
  </h3><p>
425
    To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
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    License in the document and put the following copyright and license
427
    notices just after the title page:
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  </p><pre class="screen">Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
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terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
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published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
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Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
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the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.</pre><p>
435
    If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
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    replace the “with… Texts.” line with this:
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  </p><pre class="screen">with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts
438
being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</pre><p>
439
    If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
440
    combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
441
    situation.
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  </p><p>
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    If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
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    recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
445
    software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
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    use in free software.
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    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
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