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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Writing and Generating Documentation</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.76.1"/><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, documentation, style, docbook, doxygen"/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10;      ISO C++&#10;    , &#10;      library&#10;    "/><meta name="keywords" content="&#10;      ISO C++&#10;    , &#10;      runtime&#10;    , &#10;      library&#10;    "/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance"/><link rel="prev" href="appendix_porting.html" title="Appendix B.  Porting and Maintenance"/><link rel="next" href="internals.html" title="Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Writing and Generating Documentation</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_porting.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix B. 
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  Porting and Maintenance
5 
 
6 
</th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="section" title="Writing and Generating Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="appendix.porting.doc"/>Writing and Generating Documentation</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Introduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.intro"/>Introduction</h3></div></div></div><p>
7 
      Documentation for the GNU C++ Library is created from three
8 
      independent sources: a manual, a FAQ, and an API reference.
9 
    </p><p>
10 
      The sub-directory <code class="filename">doc</code>
11 
      within the main source directory contains
12 
      <code class="filename">Makefile.am</code> and
13 
      <code class="filename">Makefile.in</code>, which provide rules for
14 
      generating documentation, described in excruciating detail
15 
      below. The <code class="filename">doc</code>
16 
      sub-directory also contains three directories: <code class="filename">doxygen</code>, which contains scripts and
17 
      fragments for <span class="command"><strong>doxygen</strong></span>, <code class="filename">html</code>, which contains an html
18 
      version of the manual, and <code class="filename">xml</code>, which contains an xml version
19 
      of the manual.
20 
    </p><p>
21 
      Diverging from established documentation conventions in the rest
22 
      of the GCC project, libstdc++ does not use Texinfo as a markup
23 
      language. Instead, Docbook is used to create the manual and the
24 
      FAQ, and Doxygen is used to construct the API
25 
      reference. Although divergent, this conforms to the GNU Project
26 
      recommendations as long as the output is of sufficient quality,
27 
      as per
28 
      <a class="link" href="http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/standards.html#Documentation">
29 
      GNU Manuals</a>.
30 
    </p></div><div class="section" title="Generating Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.generation"/>Generating Documentation</h3></div></div></div><p>
31 
      Certain Makefile rules are required by the GNU Coding
32 
      Standards. These standard rules generate HTML, PDF, XML, or man
33 
      files. For each of the generative rules, there is an additional
34 
      install rule that is used to install any generated documentation
35 
      files into the prescribed installation directory. Files are
36 
      installed into <code class="filename">share/doc</code>
37 
      or <code class="filename">share/man</code> directories.
38 
    </p><p>
39 
      The standard Makefile rules are conditionally supported, based
40 
      on the results of examining the host environment for
41 
      prerequisites at configuration time. If requirements are not
42 
      found, the rule is aliased to a dummy rule that does nothing,
43 
      and produces no documentation. If the requirements are found,
44 
      the rule forwards to a private rule that produces the requested
45 
      documentation.
46 
    </p><p>
47 
      For more details on what prerequisites were found and where,
48 
      please consult the file <code class="filename">config.log</code> in the
49 
      libstdc++ build directory. Compare this log to what is expected
50 
      for the relevant Makefile conditionals:
51 
      <code class="literal">BUILD_INFO</code>, <code class="literal">BUILD_XML</code>,
52 
      <code class="literal">BUILD_HTML</code>, <code class="literal">BUILD_MAN</code>,
53 
      <code class="literal">BUILD_PDF</code>, and <code class="literal">BUILD_EPUB</code>.
54 
    </p><p>
55 
      Supported Makefile rules:
56 
    </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">
57 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make html</em></span>
58 
        , </span><span class="term">
59 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make install-html</em></span>
60 
        </span></dt><dd><p>
61 
            Generates multi-page HTML documentation, and installs it
62 
            in the following directories:
63 
          </p><p>
64 
            <code class="filename">
65 
              doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-api.html
66 
            </code>
67 
          </p><p>
68 
            <code class="filename">
69 
              doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-manual.html
70 
            </code>
71 
          </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
72 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make pdf</em></span>
73 
        , </span><span class="term">
74 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make install-pdf</em></span>
75 
        </span></dt><dd><p>
76 
            Generates indexed PDF documentation, and installs it as
77 
            the following files:
78 
          </p><p>
79 
            <code class="filename">doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-api.pdf</code>
80 
          </p><p>
81 
            <code class="filename">doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-manual.pdf</code>
82 
          </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
83 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make man</em></span>
84 
        , </span><span class="term">
85 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make install-man</em></span>
86 
        </span></dt><dd><p>
87 
            Generates man pages, and installs it in the following directory:
88 
          </p><p>
89 
            <code class="filename">man/man3/</code>
90 
          </p><p>
91 
            The generated man pages are namespace-qualified, so to look at
92 
            the man page for <code class="classname">vector</code>, one would use
93 
            <span class="command"><strong>man std::vector</strong></span>.
94 
          </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
95 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make epub</em></span>
96 
        , </span><span class="term">
97 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make install-epub</em></span>
98 
        </span></dt><dd><p>
99 
            Generates documentation in the ebook/portable electronic
100 
            reader format called Epub, and installs it as the
101 
            following file.
102 
          </p><p>
103 
            <code class="filename">doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-manual.epub</code>
104 
          </p></dd><dt><span class="term">
105 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make xml</em></span>
106 
        , </span><span class="term">
107 
          <span class="emphasis"><em>make install-xml</em></span>
108 
        </span></dt><dd><p>
109 
            Generates single-file XML documentation, and installs it
110 
            as the following files:
111 
          </p><p>
112 
            <code class="filename">doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-api-single.xml</code>
113 
          </p><p>
114 
            <code class="filename">doc/libstdc++/libstdc++-manual-single.xml</code>
115 
          </p></dd></dl></div><p>
116 
      Makefile rules for several other formats are explicitly not
117 
      supported, and are always aliased to dummy rules. These
118 
      unsupported formats are: <span class="emphasis"><em>info</em></span>,
119 
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ps</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>dvi</em></span>.
120 
    </p></div><div class="section" title="Doxygen"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.doxygen"/>Doxygen</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="doxygen.prereq"/>Prerequisites</h4></div></div></div><div class="table"><a id="id553885"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.1. Doxygen Prerequisites</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Doxygen Prerequisites" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: center">Tool</th><th style="text-align: center">Version</th><th style="text-align: center">Required By</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center">coreutils</td><td style="text-align: center">8.5</td><td style="text-align: center">all</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">bash</td><td style="text-align: center">4.1</td><td style="text-align: center">all</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">doxygen</td><td style="text-align: center">1.7.0</td><td style="text-align: center">all</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">graphviz</td><td style="text-align: center">2.26</td><td style="text-align: center">graphical hierarchies</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">pdflatex</td><td style="text-align: center">2007-59</td><td style="text-align: center">pdf output</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><p>
121 
        Prerequisite tools are Bash 2.0 or later,
122 
        <a class="link" href="http://www.doxygen.org/">Doxygen</a>, and
123 
        the <a class="link" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/">GNU
124 
        coreutils</a>. (GNU versions of find, xargs, and possibly
125 
        sed and grep are used, just because the GNU versions make
126 
        things very easy.)
127 
      </p><p>
128 
        To generate the pretty pictures and hierarchy
129 
        graphs, the
130 
        <a class="link" href="http://www.graphviz.org">Graphviz</a> package
131 
        will need to be installed. For PDF
132 
        output, <a class="link" href="http://www.tug.org/applications/pdftex/">
133 
        pdflatex</a> is required.
134 
      </p></div><div class="section" title="Generating the Doxygen Files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="doxygen.rules"/>Generating the Doxygen Files</h4></div></div></div><p>
135 
        The following Makefile rules run Doxygen to generate HTML
136 
        docs, XML docs, XML docs as a single file, PDF docs, and the
137 
        man pages. These rules are not conditional! If the required
138 
        tools are not found, or are the wrong versions, the rule may
139 
        end in an error.
140 
      </p><p>
141 
      </p><pre class="screen"><strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-html-doxygen</code></strong></pre><p>
142 
      </p><p>
143 
      </p><pre class="screen"><strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-xml-doxygen</code></strong></pre><p>
144 
      </p><p>
145 
      </p><pre class="screen"><strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-xml-single-doxygen</code></strong></pre><p>
146 
      </p><p>
147 
      </p><pre class="screen"><strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-pdf-doxygen</code></strong></pre><p>
148 
      </p><p>
149 
      </p><pre class="screen"><strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-man-doxygen</code></strong></pre><p>
150 
      </p><p>
151 
        Generated files are output into separate sub directories of
152 
        <code class="filename">doc/doxygen/</code> in the
153 
        build directory, based on the output format. For instance, the
154 
        HTML docs will be in <code class="filename">doc/doxygen/html</code>.
155 
      </p><p>
156 
        Careful observers will see that the Makefile rules simply call
157 
        a script from the source tree, <code class="filename">run_doxygen</code>, which
158 
        does the actual work of running Doxygen and then (most
159 
        importantly) massaging the output files. If for some reason
160 
        you prefer to not go through the Makefile, you can call this
161 
        script directly. (Start by passing <code class="literal">--help</code>.)
162 
      </p><p>
163 
        If you wish to tweak the Doxygen settings, do so by editing
164 
        <code class="filename">doc/doxygen/user.cfg.in</code>. Notes to fellow
165 
        library hackers are written in triple-# comments.
166 
      </p></div><div class="section" title="Markup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="doxygen.markup"/>Markup</h4></div></div></div><p>
167 
        In general, libstdc++ files should be formatted according to
168 
        the rules found in the
169 
        <a class="link" href="source_code_style.html" title="Coding Style">Coding Standard</a>. Before
170 
        any doxygen-specific formatting tweaks are made, please try to
171 
        make sure that the initial formatting is sound.
172 
      </p><p>
173 
        Adding Doxygen markup to a file (informally called
174 
        <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">doxygenating</span>”</span>) is very simple. The Doxygen manual can be
175 
        found
176 
        <a class="link" href="http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/download.html#latestman">here</a>.
177 
        We try to use a very-recent version of Doxygen.
178 
      </p><p>
179 
        For classes, use
180 
        <code class="classname">deque</code>/<code class="classname">vector</code>/<code class="classname">list</code>
181 
        and <code class="classname">std::pair</code> as examples.  For
182 
        functions, see their member functions, and the free functions
183 
        in <code class="filename">stl_algobase.h</code>. Member functions of
184 
        other container-like types should read similarly to these
185 
        member functions.
186 
      </p><p>
187 
        Some commentary to accompany
188 
        the first list in the <a class="link" href="http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/docblocks.html">Special
189 
        Documentation Blocks</a> section of
190 
        the Doxygen manual:
191 
      </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>For longer comments, use the Javadoc style...</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
192 
            ...not the Qt style. The intermediate *'s are preferred.
193 
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
194 
            Use the triple-slash style only for one-line comments (the
195 
            <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">brief</span>”</span> mode).
196 
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
197 
            This is disgusting. Don't do this.
198 
          </p></li></ol></div><p>
199 
        Some specific guidelines:
200 
      </p><p>
201 
        Use the @-style of commands, not the !-style. Please be
202 
        careful about whitespace in your markup comments. Most of the
203 
        time it doesn't matter; doxygen absorbs most whitespace, and
204 
        both HTML and *roff are agnostic about whitespace. However,
205 
        in &lt;pre&gt; blocks and @code/@endcode sections, spacing can
206 
        have <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">interesting</span>”</span> effects.
207 
      </p><p>
208 
        Use either kind of grouping, as
209 
        appropriate. <code class="filename">doxygroups.cc</code> exists for this
210 
        purpose. See <code class="filename">stl_iterator.h</code> for a good example
211 
        of the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">other</span>”</span> kind of grouping.
212 
      </p><p>
213 
        Please use markup tags like @p and @a when referring to things
214 
        such as the names of function parameters. Use @e for emphasis
215 
        when necessary. Use @c to refer to other standard names.
216 
        (Examples of all these abound in the present code.)
217 
      </p><p>
218 
        Complicated math functions should use the multi-line
219 
        format. An example from <code class="filename">random.h</code>:
220 
      </p><p>
221 
</p><div class="literallayout"><p><br/>
222 
/**<br/>
223 
 * @brief A model of a linear congruential random number generator.<br/>
224 
 *<br/>
225 
 * @f[<br/>
226 
 *     x_{i+1}\leftarrow(ax_{i} + c) \bmod m<br/>
227 
 * @f]<br/>
228 
 */<br/>
229 
</p></div><p>
230 
      </p><p>
231 
        One area of note is the markup required for
232 
        <code class="literal">@file</code> markup in header files. Two details
233 
        are important: for filenames that have the same name in
234 
        multiple directories, include part of the installed path to
235 
        disambiguate. For example:
236 
      </p><p>
237 
</p><div class="literallayout"><p><br/>
238 
/** @file debug/vector<br/>
239 
 *  This file is a GNU debug extension to the Standard C++ Library.<br/>
240 
 */<br/>
241 
</p></div><p>
242 
      </p><p>
243 
        The other relevant detail for header files is the use of a
244 
        libstdc++-specific doxygen alias that helps distinguish
245 
        between public header files (like <code class="filename">random</code>)
246 
        from implementation or private header files (like
247 
        <code class="filename">bits/c++config.h</code>.) This alias is spelled
248 
        <code class="literal">@headername</code> and can take one or two
249 
        arguments that detail the public header file or files that
250 
        should be included to use the contents of the file. All header
251 
        files that are not intended for direct inclusion must use
252 
        <code class="literal">headername</code> in the <code class="literal">file</code>
253 
        block. An example:
254 
      </p><p>
255 
</p><div class="literallayout"><p><br/>
256 
/** @file bits/basic_string.h<br/>
257 
 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.<br/>
258 
 *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{string}<br/>
259 
 */<br/>
260 
</p></div><p>
261 
      </p><p>
262 
        Be careful about using certain, special characters when
263 
        writing Doxygen comments. Single and double quotes, and
264 
        separators in filenames are two common trouble spots. When in
265 
        doubt, consult the following table.
266 
      </p><div class="table"><a id="id554388"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.2. HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">HTML</th><th style="text-align: left">Doxygen</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left">\</td><td style="text-align: left">\\</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">"</td><td style="text-align: left">\"</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">'</td><td style="text-align: left">\'</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;i&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">@a word</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;b&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">@b word</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;code&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">@c word</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;em&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">@a word</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;em&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;em&gt;two words or more&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/></div></div><div class="section" title="Docbook"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="doc.docbook"/>Docbook</h3></div></div></div><div class="section" title="Prerequisites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.prereq"/>Prerequisites</h4></div></div></div><div class="table"><a id="id554550"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.3. Docbook Prerequisites</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Docbook Prerequisites" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: center">Tool</th><th style="text-align: center">Version</th><th style="text-align: center">Required By</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center">docbook5-style-xsl</td><td style="text-align: center">1.76.1</td><td style="text-align: center">all</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">xsltproc</td><td style="text-align: center">1.1.26</td><td style="text-align: center">all</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">xmllint</td><td style="text-align: center">2.7.7</td><td style="text-align: center">validation</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">dblatex</td><td style="text-align: center">0.3</td><td style="text-align: center">pdf output</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">pdflatex</td><td style="text-align: center">2007-59</td><td style="text-align: center">pdf output</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">docbook2X</td><td style="text-align: center">0.8.8</td><td style="text-align: center">info output</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">epub3 stylesheets</td><td style="text-align: center">b3</td><td style="text-align: center">epub output</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><p>
267 
        Editing the DocBook sources requires an XML editor. Many
268 
        exist: some notable options
269 
        include <span class="command"><strong>emacs</strong></span>, <span class="application">Kate</span>,
270 
        or <span class="application">Conglomerate</span>.
271 
      </p><p>
272 
        Some editors support special <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">XML Validation</span>”</span>
273 
        modes that can validate the file as it is
274 
        produced. Recommended is the <span class="command"><strong>nXML Mode</strong></span>
275 
        for <span class="command"><strong>emacs</strong></span>.
276 
      </p><p>
277 
        Besides an editor, additional DocBook files and XML tools are
278 
        also required.
279 
      </p><p>
280 
        Access to the DocBook 5.0 stylesheets and schema is required. The
281 
        stylesheets are usually packaged by vendor, in something
282 
        like <code class="filename">docbook5-style-xsl</code>. To exactly match
283 
        generated output, please use a version of the stylesheets
284 
        equivalent
285 
        to <code class="filename">docbook5-style-xsl-1.75.2-3</code>. The
286 
        installation directory for this package corresponds to
287 
        the <code class="literal">XSL_STYLE_DIR</code>
288 
        in <code class="filename">doc/Makefile.am</code> and defaults
289 
        to <code class="filename">/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-ns-stylesheets</code>.
290 
      </p><p>
291 
        For processing XML, an XSLT processor and some style
292 
        sheets are necessary. Defaults are <span class="command"><strong>xsltproc</strong></span>
293 
        provided by <code class="filename">libxslt</code>.
294 
      </p><p>
295 
        For validating the XML document, you'll need
296 
        something like <span class="command"><strong>xmllint</strong></span> and access to the
297 
        relevant DocBook schema. These are provided
298 
        by a vendor package like <code class="filename">libxml2</code> and <code class="filename">docbook5-schemas-5.0-4</code>
299 
      </p><p>
300 
        For PDF output, something that transforms valid Docbook XML to PDF is
301 
        required. Possible solutions include <a class="link" href="http://dblatex.sourceforge.net">dblatex</a>,
302 
        <span class="command"><strong>xmlto</strong></span>, or <span class="command"><strong>prince</strong></span>. Of
303 
        these, <span class="command"><strong>dblatex</strong></span> is the default. Other
304 
        options are listed on the DocBook web <a class="link" href="http://wiki.docbook.org/topic/DocBookPublishingTools">pages</a>. Please
305 
        consult the <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org">libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org</a>&gt;</code> list when
306 
        preparing printed manuals for current best practice and
307 
        suggestions.
308 
      </p><p>
309 
        For Texinfo output, something that transforms valid Docbook
310 
        XML to Texinfo is required. The default choice is <a class="link" href="http://docbook2x.sourceforge.net/">docbook2X</a>.
311 
      </p><p>
312 
        For epub output, the stylesheets for EPUB3 are required. These stylesheets are still in development. To validate the created file, epubcheck is necessary.
313 
      </p></div><div class="section" title="Generating the DocBook Files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.rules"/>Generating the DocBook Files</h4></div></div></div><p>
314 
        The following Makefile rules generate (in order): an HTML
315 
        version of all the DocBook documentation, a PDF version of the
316 
        same, and a single XML document.  These rules are not
317 
        conditional! If the required tools are not found, or are the
318 
        wrong versions, the rule may end in an error.
319 
      </p><p>
320 
      </p><pre class="screen"><strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-html-docbook</code></strong></pre><p>
321 
      </p><p>
322 
      </p><pre class="screen"><strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-pdf-docbook</code></strong></pre><p>
323 
      </p><p>
324 
      </p><pre class="screen"><strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-xml-single-docbook</code></strong></pre><p>
325 
      </p><p>
326 
        Generated files are output into separate sub directores of
327 
        <code class="filename">doc/docbook/</code> in the
328 
        build directory, based on the output format. For instance, the
329 
        HTML docs will be in <code class="filename">doc/docbook/html</code>.
330 
      </p><p>
331 
        If the Docbook stylesheets are installed in a custom location,
332 
        one can use the variable <code class="literal">XSL_STYLE_DIR</code> to
333 
        override the Makefile defaults. For example:
334 
      </p><pre class="screen">
335 
        <strong class="userinput"><code>
336 
make <code class="literal">XSL_STYLE_DIR="/usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/nwalsh"</code> doc-html-docbook
337 
        </code></strong>
338 
      </pre></div><div class="section" title="Editing and Validation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.validation"/>Editing and Validation</h4></div></div></div><p>
339 
        After editing the xml sources, please make sure that the XML
340 
        documentation and markup is still valid. This can be
341 
        done easily, with the following validation rule:
342 
      </p><pre class="screen">
343 
        <strong class="userinput"><code>make doc-xml-validate-docbook</code></strong>
344 
      </pre><p>
345 
        This is equivalent to doing:
346 
      </p><pre class="screen">
347 
        <strong class="userinput"><code>
348 
          xmllint --noout --valid <code class="filename">xml/index.xml</code>
349 
        </code></strong>
350 
      </pre><p>
351 
        Please note that individual sections and chapters of the
352 
        manual can be validated by substituting the file desired for
353 
        <code class="filename">xml/index.xml</code> in the command
354 
        above. Reducing scope in this manner can be helpful when
355 
        validation on the entire manual fails.
356 
      </p><p>
357 
        All Docbook xml sources should always validate. No excuses!
358 
      </p></div><div class="section" title="File Organization and Basics"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.examples"/>File Organization and Basics</h4></div></div></div><div class="literallayout"><p><br/>
359 
      <span class="emphasis"><em>Which files are important</em></span><br/>
360 
<br/>
361 
      All Docbook files are in the directory<br/>
362 
      libstdc++-v3/doc/xml<br/>
363 
<br/>
364 
      Inside this directory, the files of importance:<br/>
365 
      spine.xml          - index to documentation set<br/>
366 
      manual/spine.xml  - index to manual<br/>
367 
      manual/*.xml      - individual chapters and sections of the manual<br/>
368 
      faq.xml           - index to FAQ<br/>
369 
      api.xml           - index to source level / API<br/>
370 
<br/>
371 
      All *.txml files are template xml files, i.e., otherwise empty files with<br/>
372 
      the correct structure, suitable for filling in with new information.<br/>
373 
<br/>
374 
      <span class="emphasis"><em>Canonical Writing Style</em></span><br/>
375 
<br/>
376 
      class template<br/>
377 
      function template<br/>
378 
      member function template<br/>
379 
      (via C++ Templates, Vandevoorde)<br/>
380 
<br/>
381 
      class in namespace std: allocator, not std::allocator<br/>
382 
<br/>
383 
      header file: iostream, not &lt;iostream&gt;<br/>
384 
<br/>
385 
<br/>
386 
      <span class="emphasis"><em>General structure</em></span><br/>
387 
<br/>
388 
      &lt;set&gt;<br/>
389 
      &lt;book&gt;<br/>
390 
      &lt;/book&gt;<br/>
391 
<br/>
392 
      &lt;book&gt;<br/>
393 
      &lt;chapter&gt;<br/>
394 
      &lt;/chapter&gt;<br/>
395 
      &lt;/book&gt;<br/>
396 
<br/>
397 
      &lt;book&gt;<br/>
398 
      &lt;part&gt;<br/>
399 
      &lt;chapter&gt;<br/>
400 
      &lt;section&gt;<br/>
401 
      &lt;/section&gt;<br/>
402 
<br/>
403 
      &lt;sect1&gt;<br/>
404 
      &lt;/sect1&gt;<br/>
405 
<br/>
406 
      &lt;sect1&gt;<br/>
407 
      &lt;sect2&gt;<br/>
408 
      &lt;/sect2&gt;<br/>
409 
      &lt;/sect1&gt;<br/>
410 
      &lt;/chapter&gt;<br/>
411 
<br/>
412 
      &lt;chapter&gt;<br/>
413 
      &lt;/chapter&gt;<br/>
414 
      &lt;/part&gt;<br/>
415 
      &lt;/book&gt;<br/>
416 
<br/>
417 
      &lt;/set&gt;<br/>
418 
    </p></div></div><div class="section" title="Markup By Example"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="docbook.markup"/>Markup By Example</h4></div></div></div><p>
419 
        Complete details on Docbook markup can be found in the DocBook
420 
        Element Reference,
421 
        <a class="link" href="http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/html/part2.html">online</a>.
422 
        An incomplete reference for HTML to Docbook conversion is
423 
        detailed in the table below.
424 
      </p><div class="table"><a id="id555059"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.4. HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">HTML</th><th style="text-align: left">Docbook</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;p&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;para&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;pre&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;computeroutput&gt;, &lt;programlisting&gt;,
425 
        &lt;literallayout&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;ul&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;itemizedlist&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;ol&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;orderedlist&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;il&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;listitem&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;dl&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;variablelist&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;dt&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;term&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;dd&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;listitem&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;a href=""&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;ulink url=""&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;code&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;literal&gt;, &lt;programlisting&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;strong&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;emphasis&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;em&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;emphasis&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">"</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;quote&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/><p>
426 
  And examples of detailed markup for which there are no real HTML
427 
  equivalents are listed in the table below.
428 
</p><div class="table"><a id="id555261"/><p class="title"><strong>Table B.5. Docbook XML Element Use</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Docbook XML Element Use" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: left" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c2"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">Element</th><th style="text-align: left">Use</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;structname&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;structname&gt;char_traits&lt;/structname&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;classname&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;classname&gt;string&lt;/classname&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;function&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">
429 
        <p>&lt;function&gt;clear()&lt;/function&gt;</p>
430 
        <p>&lt;function&gt;fs.clear()&lt;/function&gt;</p>
431 
      </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;type&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;type&gt;long long&lt;/type&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;varname&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;varname&gt;fs&lt;/varname&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;literal&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">
432 
        <p>&lt;literal&gt;-Weffc++&lt;/literal&gt;</p>
433 
        <p>&lt;literal&gt;rel_ops&lt;/literal&gt;</p>
434 
      </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;constant&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">
435 
        <p>&lt;constant&gt;_GNU_SOURCE&lt;/constant&gt;</p>
436 
        <p>&lt;constant&gt;3.0&lt;/constant&gt;</p>
437 
      </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;command&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;command&gt;g++&lt;/command&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;errortext&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">&lt;errortext&gt;In instantiation of&lt;/errortext&gt;</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left">&lt;filename&gt;</td><td style="text-align: left">
438 
        <p>&lt;filename class="headerfile"&gt;ctype.h&lt;/filename&gt;</p>
439 
        <p>&lt;filename class="directory"&gt;/home/gcc/build&lt;/filename&gt;</p>
440 
        <p>&lt;filename class="libraryfile"&gt;libstdc++.so&lt;/filename&gt;</p>
441 
      </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"/></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_porting.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Appendix B. 
442 
  Porting and Maintenance
443 
 
444 
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