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         xml:id="appendix.porting.api" xreflabel="api">

    ISO C++

    api

    evolution

    deprecation

    history

A list of user-visible changes, in chronological order

Extensions moved to include/ext.

Include files from the SGI/HP sources that pre-date the ISO standard

are added. These files are placed into

the include/backward directory and a deprecated warning

is added that notifies on inclusion (-Wno-deprecated

deactivates the warning.)

Deprecated include backward/strstream added.

Removal of include builtinbuf.h, indstream.h, parsestream.h, PlotFile.h, SFile.h, stdiostream.h, and stream.h.

Extensions from SGI/HP moved from namespace std

to namespace __gnu_cxx. As part of this, the following

new includes are

added: ext/algorithm, ext/functional, ext/iterator, ext/memory, and ext/numeric.

Extensions to basic_filebuf introduced: __gnu_cxx::enc_filebuf, and __gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf.

Extensions to tree data structures added in ext/rb_tree.

Removal of ext/tree, moved to backward/tree.h.

Symbol versioning introduced for shared library.

Removal of include backward/strstream.h.

Allocator changes. Change __malloc_alloc to malloc_allocator and __new_alloc to new_allocator. 

    For GCC releases from 2.95 through the 3.1 series, defining

   __USE_MALLOC on the gcc command line would change the

   default allocation strategy to instead use  malloc and

   free. (This same functionality is now spelled _GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW, see

   this page

   for details.

Error handling in iostreams cleaned up, made consistent. 

Large file support.

 Extensions for generic characters and char_traits added in ext/pod_char_traits.h.

Support for wchar_t specializations of basic_filebuf enhanced to support UTF-8 and Unicode, depending on host. More hosts support basic wchar_t functionality.

Support for char_traits beyond builtin types.

Conformant allocator class and usage in containers. As

part of this, the following extensions are

added: ext/bitmap_allocator.h, ext/debug_allocator.h, ext/mt_allocator.h, ext/malloc_allocator.h,ext/new_allocator.h, ext/pool_allocator.h.

This is a change from all previous versions, and may require

source-level changes due to allocator-related changes to structures

names and template parameters, filenames, and file locations. Some,

like __simple_alloc, __allocator, __alloc,  and 

_Alloc_traits have been removed.

Default behavior of std::allocator has changed.

   Previous versions prior to 3.4 cache allocations in a memory

   pool, instead of passing through to call the global allocation

   operators (i.e., __gnu_cxx::pool_allocator).  More

   recent versions default to the

   simpler __gnu_cxx::new_allocator.

 Previously, all allocators were written to the SGI

   style, and all STL containers expected this interface. This

   interface had a traits class called _Alloc_traits that

   attempted to provide more information for compile-time allocation

   selection and optimization. This traits class had another allocator

   wrapper, __simple_alloc<T,A>, which was a

   wrapper around another allocator, A, which itself is an allocator

   for instances of T. But wait, there's more:

   __allocator<T,A> is another adapter.  Many of

   the provided allocator classes were SGI style: such classes can be

   changed to a conforming interface with this wrapper:

   __allocator<T, __alloc> is thus the same as

   allocator<T>.

    The class allocator used the typedef

   __alloc to select an underlying allocator that

   satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this

   underlying allocator was not user-configurable.

      
      

         
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      Allocator (3.4)
      
      

         
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      Header (3.4)
      
      

         
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      Allocator (3.[0-3])
      
      

         
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      Header (3.[0-3])
      
      

         
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    __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<T>
      
      

         
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    ext/new_allocator.h
      
      

         
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    std::__new_alloc
      
      

         
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    memory
      
      

         
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    __gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator<T>
      
      

         
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    ext/malloc_allocator.h
      
      

         
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    std::__malloc_alloc_template<int>
      
      

         
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    memory
      
      

         
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    __gnu_cxx::debug_allocator<T>
      
      

         
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    ext/debug_allocator.h
      
      

         
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    std::debug_alloc<T>
      
      

         
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    memory
      
      

         
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    __gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc<T>
      
      

         
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    ext/pool_allocator.h
      
      

         
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    std::__default_alloc_template<bool,int>
      
      

         
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    memory
      
      

         
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    __gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc<T>
      
      

         
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    ext/mt_allocator.h
      
      

         
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    __gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator<T>
      
      

         
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    ext/bitmap_allocator.h
      
      

         
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    Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection

   of available allocators. All of these new allocators are

   standard-style. The following table includes details, along with

   the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator.

      
      

         
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    Allocator
      
      

         
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    Include
      
      

         
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    Version
      
      

         
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    __gnu_cxx::array_allocator<T>
      
      

         
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    ext/array_allocator.h
      
      

         
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    4.0.0
      
      

         
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    __gnu_cxx::throw_allocator<T>
      
      

         
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    ext/throw_allocator.h
      
      

         
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    4.2.0
      
      

         
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Debug mode first appears.

Precompiled header support PCH support.

Macro guard for changed, from _GLIBCPP_ to _GLIBCXX_.

Extension ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h added.

Extension ext/demangle.h added.

TR1 features first appear.

Extension allocator ext/array_allocator.h added.

Extension codecvt specializations moved to ext/codecvt_specializations.h.

Removal of ext/demangle.h.

Removal of cassert from all standard headers: now has to be explicitly included for std::assert calls.

 Extensions for policy-based data structures first added. New includes,

types, namespace pb_assoc.

 Extensions for typelists added in ext/typelist.h.

 Extension for policy-based basic_string first added: __gnu_cxx::__versa_string in ext/vstring.h.

 Default visibility attributes applied to namespace std. Support for -fvisibility.

TR1 random, complex, and C compatibility headers added.

 Extensions for concurrent programming consolidated

into ext/concurrence.h and ext/atomicity.h,

including change of namespace to __gnu_cxx in some

cases. Added types

include _Lock_policy, __concurrence_lock_error, __concurrence_unlock_error, __mutex, __scoped_lock.

 Extensions for type traits consolidated

into ext/type_traits.h. Additional traits are added

(__conditional_type, __enable_if, others.)

 Extensions for policy-based data structures revised. New includes,

types, namespace moved to __pb_ds.

 Extensions for debug mode modified: now nested in namespace

std::__debug and extensions in namespace

__gnu_cxx::__debug.

 Extensions added: ext/typelist.h

and ext/throw_allocator.h.

C++0X features first appear.

TR1 regex and cmath's mathematical special function added.

Backward include edit.

    Removed

algobase.h algo.h alloc.h bvector.h complex.h

defalloc.h deque.h fstream.h function.h hash_map.h hash_set.h

hashtable.h heap.h iomanip.h iostream.h istream.h iterator.h

list.h map.h multimap.h multiset.h new.h ostream.h pair.h queue.h rope.h set.h slist.h stack.h streambuf.h stream.h tempbuf.h

tree.h vector.h

    Added

  hash_map and hash_set

    Added in C++11

    auto_ptr.h and binders.h

Header dependency streamlining.

  algorithm no longer includes climits, cstring, or iosfwd 

  bitset no longer includes istream or ostream, adds iosfwd 

  functional no longer includes cstddef

  iomanip no longer includes istream, istream, or functional, adds ioswd 

  numeric no longer includes iterator

  string no longer includes algorithm or memory

  valarray no longer includes numeric or cstdlib

  tr1/hashtable no longer includes memory or functional

  tr1/memory no longer includes algorithm

  tr1/random no longer includes algorithm or fstream

Debug mode for unordered_map and unordered_set.

Parallel mode first appears.

Variadic template implementations of items in tuple and

    functional.

Default what implementations give more elaborate

    exception strings for bad_cast,

    bad_typeid, bad_exception, and

    bad_alloc.

PCH binary files no longer installed. Instead, the source files are installed.

Namespace pb_ds moved to __gnu_pb_ds.

C++0X features.

    Added.

    atomic,

    chrono,

    condition_variable,

    forward_list,

    initializer_list,

    mutex,

    ratio,

    thread

    Updated and improved.

    algorithm,

    system_error,

    type_traits

    Use of the GNU extension namespace association converted to inline namespaces.

    Preliminary support for initializer_list

    and defaulted and deleted constructors in container classes.

    unique_ptr.

    Support for new character types char16_t

    and char32_t added

    to char_traits, basic_string, numeric_limits,

    and assorted compile-time type traits.

    Support for string conversions to_string

    and to_wstring.

    Member functions taking string arguments were added to iostreams

    including basic_filebuf, basic_ofstream,

    and basic_ifstream.

    Exception propagation support,

    including exception_ptr, current_exception, copy_exception,

    and rethrow_exception.

Uglification of try to __try

and catch to __catch.

Audit of internal mutex usage, conversion to functions returning static

local mutex.

 Extensions

added: ext/pointer.h

and ext/extptr_allocator.h. Support

for non-standard pointer types has been added

to vector

and forward_list.

C++0X features.

    Added.

    functional,

    future,

    random

    Updated and improved.

    atomic,

    system_error,

    type_traits

    Add support for explicit operators and standard layout types.

Profile mode first appears.

Support for decimal floating-point arithmetic, including decimal32, decimal64, and decimal128.

Python pretty-printers are added for use with appropriately-advanced versions of gdb.

Audit for application of function attributes notrow, const, pure, and noreturn.

The default behavior for comparing typeinfo names changed, so

in typeinfo, __GXX_MERGED_TYPEINFO_NAMES

now defaults to zero.

 Extensions modified: ext/throw_allocator.h.