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    There are two licenses affecting GNU libstdc++: one for the code,

    and one for the documentation.

      There is a license section in the FAQ regarding common questions. If you have more

      questions, ask the FSF or the gcc mailing list.

      The source code is distributed under the GNU General Public License version 3,

      with the addition under section 7 of an exception described in

      the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version 3.1

      as follows (or see the file COPYING.RUNTIME):

GCC RUNTIME LIBRARY EXCEPTION

Version 3.1, 31 March 2009

Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this

license document, but changing it is not allowed.

This GCC Runtime Library Exception ("Exception") is an additional

permission under section 7 of the GNU General Public License, version

3 ("GPLv3"). It applies to a given file (the "Runtime Library") that

bears a notice placed by the copyright holder of the file stating that

the file is governed by GPLv3 along with this Exception.

When you use GCC to compile a program, GCC may combine portions of

certain GCC header files and runtime libraries with the compiled

program. The purpose of this Exception is to allow compilation of

non-GPL (including proprietary) programs to use, in this way, the

header files and runtime libraries covered by this Exception.

0. Definitions.

A file is an "Independent Module" if it either requires the Runtime

Library for execution after a Compilation Process, or makes use of an

interface provided by the Runtime Library, but is not otherwise based

on the Runtime Library.

"GCC" means a version of the GNU Compiler Collection, with or without

modifications, governed by version 3 (or a specified later version) of

the GNU General Public License (GPL) with the option of using any

subsequent versions published by the FSF.

"GPL-compatible Software" is software whose conditions of propagation,

modification and use would permit combination with GCC in accord with

the license of GCC.

"Target Code" refers to output from any compiler for a real or virtual

target processor architecture, in executable form or suitable for

input to an assembler, loader, linker and/or execution

phase. Notwithstanding that, Target Code does not include data in any

format that is used as a compiler intermediate representation, or used

for producing a compiler intermediate representation.

The "Compilation Process" transforms code entirely represented in

non-intermediate languages designed for human-written code, and/or in

Java Virtual Machine byte code, into Target Code. Thus, for example,

use of source code generators and preprocessors need not be considered

part of the Compilation Process, since the Compilation Process can be

understood as starting with the output of the generators or

preprocessors.

A Compilation Process is "Eligible" if it is done using GCC, alone or

with other GPL-compatible software, or if it is done without using any

work based on GCC. For example, using non-GPL-compatible Software to

optimize any GCC intermediate representations would not qualify as an

Eligible Compilation Process.

1. Grant of Additional Permission.

You have permission to propagate a work of Target Code formed by

combining the Runtime Library with Independent Modules, even if such

propagation would otherwise violate the terms of GPLv3, provided that

all Target Code was generated by Eligible Compilation Processes. You

may then convey such a combination under terms of your choice,

consistent with the licensing of the Independent Modules.

2. No Weakening of GCC Copyleft.

The availability of this Exception does not imply any general

presumption that third-party software is unaffected by the copyleft

requirements of the license of GCC.

      Hopefully that text is self-explanatory.  If it isn't, you need to speak

      to your lawyer, or the Free Software Foundation.

      The documentation shipped with the library and made available over

      the web, excluding the pages generated from source comments, are

      copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, and placed under the

       GNU Free Documentation

      License version 1.3.  There are no Front-Cover Texts, no

      Back-Cover Texts, and no Invariant Sections.

      For documentation generated by doxygen or other automated tools

      via processing source code comments and markup, the original source

      code license applies to the generated files. Thus, the doxygen

      documents are licensed GPL.

      If you plan on making copies of the documentation, please let us know.

      We can probably offer suggestions.

      Information on known bugs, details on efforts to fix them, and

      fixed bugs are all available as part of the GCC bug tracking system,

      with the category set to libstdc++.

        Everybody's got issues.  Even the C++ Standard Library.

        The Library Working Group, or LWG, is the ISO subcommittee responsible

        for making changes to the library.  They periodically publish an

        Issues List containing problems and possible solutions.  As they reach

        a consensus on proposed solutions, we often incorporate the solution.

        Here are the issues which have resulted in code changes to the library.

        The links are to the specific defect reports from a partial

        copy of the Issues List.  You can read the full version online

        at the ISO C++

        Committee homepage, linked to on the

        GCC "Readings"

        page.  If

        you spend a lot of time reading the issues, we recommend downloading

        the ZIP file and reading them locally.

        (NB: partial copy means that not all

        links within the lwg-*.html pages will work.  Specifically,

        links to defect reports that have not been accorded full DR

        status will probably break.  Rather than trying to mirror the

        entire issues list on our overworked web server, we recommend

        you go to the LWG homepage instead.)

        If a DR is not listed here, we may simply not have gotten to

        it yet; feel free to submit a patch.  Search the include/bits

        and src directories for appearances of

        _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS for examples

        of style.  Note that we usually do not make changes to the

        code until an issue has reached DR status.

    5:

        string::compare specification questionable

    This should be two overloaded functions rather than a single function.

    17:

        Bad bool parsing

    Apparently extracting Boolean values was messed up...

    19:

        "Noconv" definition too vague

    If codecvt::do_in returns noconv there are

        no changes to the values in [to, to_limit).

    22:

        Member open vs flags

    Re-opening a file stream does not clear the state flags.

    23:

        Num_get overflow result

    Implement the proposed resolution.

    25:

        String operator<< uses width() value wrong

    Padding issues.

    48:

        Use of non-existent exception constructor

    An instance of ios_base::failure is constructed instead.

    49:

        Underspecification of ios_base::sync_with_stdio

    The return type is the previous state of synchronization.

    50:

        Copy constructor and assignment operator of ios_base

    These members functions are declared private and are

        thus inaccessible.  Specifying the correct semantics of

        "copying stream state" was deemed too complicated.

    60:

        What is a formatted input function?

    This DR made many widespread changes to basic_istream

        and basic_ostream all of which have been implemented.

    63:

        Exception-handling policy for unformatted output

    Make the policy consistent with that of formatted input, unformatted

        input, and formatted output.

    68:

        Extractors for char* should store null at end

    And they do now.  An editing glitch in the last item in the list of

        [27.6.1.2.3]/7.

    74:

        Garbled text for codecvt::do_max_length

    The text of the standard was gibberish.  Typos gone rampant.

    75:

        Contradiction in codecvt::length's argument types

    Change the first parameter to stateT& and implement

        the new effects paragraph.

    83:

        string::npos vs. string::max_size()

    Safety checks on the size of the string should test against

        max_size() rather than npos.

    90:

        Incorrect description of operator>> for strings

    The effect contain isspace(c,getloc()) which must be

        replaced by isspace(c,is.getloc()).

    91:

        Description of operator>> and getline() for string<>

            might cause endless loop

    They behave as a formatted input function and as an unformatted

        input function, respectively (except that getline is

        not required to set gcount).

    103:

        set::iterator is required to be modifiable, but this allows

            modification of keys.

    For associative containers where the value type is the same as

        the key type, both iterator and const_iterator

         are constant iterators.

    109:

        Missing binders for non-const sequence elements

    The binder1st and binder2nd didn't have an

        operator() taking a non-const parameter.

    110:

        istreambuf_iterator::equal not const

    This was not a const member function.  Note that the DR says to

        replace the function with a const one; we have instead provided an

        overloaded version with identical contents.

    117:

        basic_ostream uses nonexistent num_put member functions

    num_put::put() was overloaded on the wrong types.

    118:

        basic_istream uses nonexistent num_get member functions

    Same as 117, but for num_get::get().

    129:

        Need error indication from seekp() and seekg()

    These functions set failbit on error now.

    130:

        Return type of container::erase(iterator) differs for associative containers

    Make member erase return iterator for set, multiset, map, multimap.

    136:

        seekp, seekg setting wrong streams?

    seekp should only set the output stream, and

        seekg should only set the input stream.

    167:

        Improper use of traits_type::length()

    op<< with a const char* was

        calculating an incorrect number of characters to write.

    169:

        Bad efficiency of overflow() mandated

    Grow efficiently the internal array object.

    171:

        Strange seekpos() semantics due to joint position

    Quite complex to summarize...

    181:

        make_pair() unintended behavior

    This function used to take its arguments as reference-to-const, now

        it copies them (pass by value).

    195:

        Should basic_istream::sentry's constructor ever set eofbit?

    Yes, it can, specifically if EOF is reached while skipping whitespace.

    211:

        operator>>(istream&, string&) doesn't set failbit

    If nothing is extracted into the string, op>> now

        sets failbit (which can cause an exception, etc., etc.).

    214:

        set::find() missing const overload

    Both set and multiset were missing

        overloaded find, lower_bound, upper_bound, and equal_range functions

        for const instances.

    231:

        Precision in iostream?

    For conversion from a floating-point type, str.precision()

        is specified in the conversion specification.

    233:

        Insertion hints in associative containers

    Implement N1780, first check before then check after, insert as close

        to hint as possible.

    235:

        No specification of default ctor for reverse_iterator

    The declaration of reverse_iterator lists a default constructor.

        However, no specification is given what this constructor should do.

    241:

        Does unique_copy() require CopyConstructible and Assignable?

    Add a helper for forward_iterator/output_iterator, fix the existing

        one for input_iterator/output_iterator to not rely on Assignability.

    243:

        get and getline when sentry reports failure

    Store a null character only if the character array has a non-zero size.

    251:

        basic_stringbuf missing allocator_type

    This nested typedef was originally not specified.

    253:

        valarray helper functions are almost entirely useless

    Make the copy constructor and copy-assignment operator declarations

        public in gslice_array, indirect_array, mask_array, slice_array; provide

        definitions.

    265:

        std::pair::pair() effects overly restrictive

    The default ctor would build its members from copies of temporaries;

        now it simply uses their respective default ctors.

    266:

        bad_exception::~bad_exception() missing Effects clause

    The bad_* classes no longer have destructors (they

        are trivial), since no description of them was ever given.

    271:

        basic_iostream missing typedefs

    The typedefs it inherits from its base classes can't be used, since

        (for example) basic_iostream<T>::traits_type is ambiguous.

    275:

        Wrong type in num_get::get() overloads

    Similar to 118.

    280:

        Comparison of reverse_iterator to const reverse_iterator

    Add global functions with two template parameters.

        (NB: not added for now a templated assignment operator)

    292:

        Effects of a.copyfmt (a)

    If (this == &rhs) do nothing.

    300:

        List::merge() specification incomplete

    If (this == &x) do nothing.

    303:

        Bitset input operator underspecified

    Basically, compare the input character to

                    is.widen(0) and is.widen(1).

    305:

        Default behavior of codecvt<wchar_t, char,

                  mbstate_t>::length()

    Do not specify what codecvt<wchar_t, char,

                    mbstate_t>::do_length must return.

    328:

        Bad sprintf format modifier in

                  money_put<>::do_put()

    Change the format string to "%.0Lf".

    365:

        Lack of const-qualification in clause 27

    Add const overloads of is_open.

    387:

        std::complex over-encapsulated

    Add the real(T) and imag(T)

                    members;  in C++11 mode, also adjust the existing

                    real() and imag() members and

                    free functions.

    389:

        Const overload of valarray::operator[] returns

                  by value

    Change it to return a const T&.

    396:

        what are characters zero and one

    Implement the proposed resolution.

    402:

        Wrong new expression in [some_]allocator::construct

    Replace "new" with "::new".

    408:

        Is vector<reverse_iterator<char*> > forbidden?

    Tweak the debug-mode checks in _Safe_iterator.

    409:

        Closing an fstream should clear the error state

    Have open clear the error flags.

    431:

        Swapping containers with unequal allocators

    Implement Option 3, as per N1599.

    432:

        stringbuf::overflow() makes only one write position

            available

    Implement the resolution, beyond DR 169.

    434:

        bitset::to_string() hard to use

    Add three overloads, taking fewer template arguments.

    438:

        Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause

    Implement the resolution, basically cast less.

    453:

        basic_stringbuf::seekoff need not always fail for an empty stream

    Don't fail if the next pointer is null and newoff is zero.

    455:

        cerr::tie() and wcerr::tie() are overspecified

    Initialize cerr tied to cout and wcerr tied to wcout.

    464:

        Suggestion for new member functions in standard containers

    Add data() to std::vector and

        at(const key_type&) to std::map.

    508:

        Bad parameters for ranlux64_base_01

    Fix the parameters.

    512:

        Seeding subtract_with_carry_01 from a single unsigned long

    Construct a linear_congruential engine and seed with it.

    526:

        Is it undefined if a function in the standard changes in

            parameters?

    Use &value.

    538:

        241 again: Does unique_copy() require CopyConstructible

            and Assignable?

    In case of input_iterator/output_iterator rely on Assignability of

        input_iterator' value_type.

    539:

        partial_sum and adjacent_difference should mention

            requirements

    We were almost doing the right thing, just use std::move

        in adjacent_difference.

    541:

        shared_ptr template assignment and void

    Add an auto_ptr<void> specialization.

    543:

        valarray slice default constructor

    Follow the straightforward proposed resolution.

    550:

        What should the return type of pow(float,int) be?

    In C++11 mode, remove the pow(float,int), etc., signatures.

    586:

        string inserter not a formatted function

    Change it to be a formatted output function (i.e. catch exceptions).

    596:

        27.8.1.3 Table 112 omits "a+" and "a+b" modes

    Add the missing modes to fopen_mode.

    630:

        arrays of valarray

    Implement the simple resolution.

    660:

        Missing bitwise operations

    Add the missing operations.

    691:

        const_local_iterator cbegin, cend missing from TR1

    In C++11 mode add cbegin(size_type) and cend(size_type)

                    to the unordered containers.

    693:

        std::bitset::all() missing

    Add it, consistently with the discussion.

    695:

        ctype<char>::classic_table() not accessible

    Make the member functions table and classic_table public.

    696:

        istream::operator>>(int&) broken

    Implement the straightforward resolution.

    761:

        unordered_map needs an at() member function

    In C++11 mode, add at() and at() const.

    775:

        Tuple indexing should be unsigned?

    Implement the int -> size_t replacements.

    776:

        Undescribed assign function of std::array

    In C++11 mode, remove assign, add fill.

    781:

        std::complex should add missing C99 functions

    In C++11 mode, add std::proj.

    809:

        std::swap should be overloaded for array types

    Add the overload.

    844:

        complex pow return type is ambiguous

    In C++11 mode, remove the pow(complex<T>, int) signature.

    853:

        to_string needs updating with zero and one

    Update / add the signatures.

    865:

        More algorithms that throw away information

    The traditional HP / SGI return type and value is blessed

                    by the resolution of the DR.

   To transform libstdc++ sources into installed include files

   and properly built binaries useful for linking to other software is

   a multi-step process. Steps include getting the sources,

   configuring and building the sources, testing, and installation.

   The general outline of commands is something like:

   get gcc sources

   extract into gccsrcdir

   mkdir gccbuilddir

   cd gccbuilddir

   gccsrcdir/configure --prefix=destdir --other-opts...

   make

   make check

   make install

     Each step is described in more detail in the following sections.