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// Special functions -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010

// Free Software Foundation, Inc.

//

// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free

// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the

// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the

// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)

// any later version.

//

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

// GNU General Public License for more details.

//

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional

// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version

// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and

// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;

// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see

// .

/** @file tr1/poly_laguerre.tcc

 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.

 *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{tr1/cmath}

 */

//

// ISO C++ 14882 TR1: 5.2  Special functions

//

// Written by Edward Smith-Rowland based on:

//   (1) Handbook of Mathematical Functions,

//       Ed. Milton Abramowitz and Irene A. Stegun,

//       Dover Publications,

//       Section 13, pp. 509-510, Section 22 pp. 773-802

//   (2) The Gnu Scientific Library, http://www.gnu.org/software/gsl

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_TR1_POLY_LAGUERRE_TCC

#define _GLIBCXX_TR1_POLY_LAGUERRE_TCC 1

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)

{

namespace tr1

{

  // [5.2] Special functions

  // Implementation-space details.

  namespace __detail

  {

  _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

    /**

     *   @brief This routine returns the associated Laguerre polynomial

     *          of order @f$ n @f$, degree @f$ \alpha @f$ for large n.

     *   Abramowitz & Stegun, 13.5.21

     *

     *   @param __n The order of the Laguerre function.

     *   @param __alpha The degree of the Laguerre function.

     *   @param __x The argument of the Laguerre function.

     *   @return The value of the Laguerre function of order n,

     *           degree @f$ \alpha @f$, and argument x.

     *

     *  This is from the GNU Scientific Library.

     */

    template

    _Tp

    __poly_laguerre_large_n(const unsigned __n, const _Tpa __alpha1,

                            const _Tp __x)

    {

      const _Tp __a = -_Tp(__n);

      const _Tp __b = _Tp(__alpha1) + _Tp(1);

      const _Tp __eta = _Tp(2) * __b - _Tp(4) * __a;

      const _Tp __cos2th = __x / __eta;

      const _Tp __sin2th = _Tp(1) - __cos2th;

      const _Tp __th = std::acos(std::sqrt(__cos2th));

      const _Tp __pre_h = __numeric_constants<_Tp>::__pi_2()

                        * __numeric_constants<_Tp>::__pi_2()

                        * __eta * __eta * __cos2th * __sin2th;

#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH_TR1

      const _Tp __lg_b = std::tr1::lgamma(_Tp(__n) + __b);

      const _Tp __lnfact = std::tr1::lgamma(_Tp(__n + 1));

#else

      const _Tp __lg_b = __log_gamma(_Tp(__n) + __b);

      const _Tp __lnfact = __log_gamma(_Tp(__n + 1));

#endif

      _Tp __pre_term1 = _Tp(0.5L) * (_Tp(1) - __b)

                      * std::log(_Tp(0.25L) * __x * __eta);

      _Tp __pre_term2 = _Tp(0.25L) * std::log(__pre_h);

      _Tp __lnpre = __lg_b - __lnfact + _Tp(0.5L) * __x

                      + __pre_term1 - __pre_term2;

      _Tp __ser_term1 = std::sin(__a * __numeric_constants<_Tp>::__pi());

      _Tp __ser_term2 = std::sin(_Tp(0.25L) * __eta

                              * (_Tp(2) * __th

                               - std::sin(_Tp(2) * __th))

                               + __numeric_constants<_Tp>::__pi_4());

      _Tp __ser = __ser_term1 + __ser_term2;

      return std::exp(__lnpre) * __ser;

    }

    /**

     *  @brief  Evaluate the polynomial based on the confluent hypergeometric

     *          function in a safe way, with no restriction on the arguments.

     *

     *   The associated Laguerre function is defined by

     *   @f[

     *       L_n^\alpha(x) = \frac{(\alpha + 1)_n}{n!}

     *                       _1F_1(-n; \alpha + 1; x)

     *   @f]

     *   where @f$ (\alpha)_n @f$ is the Pochhammer symbol and

     *   @f$ _1F_1(a; c; x) @f$ is the confluent hypergeometric function.

     *

     *  This function assumes x != 0.

     *

     *  This is from the GNU Scientific Library.

     */

    template

    _Tp

    __poly_laguerre_hyperg(const unsigned int __n, const _Tpa __alpha1,

                           const _Tp __x)

    {

      const _Tp __b = _Tp(__alpha1) + _Tp(1);

      const _Tp __mx = -__x;

      const _Tp __tc_sgn = (__x < _Tp(0) ? _Tp(1)

                         : ((__n % 2 == 1) ? -_Tp(1) : _Tp(1)));

      //  Get |x|^n/n!

      _Tp __tc = _Tp(1);

      const _Tp __ax = std::abs(__x);

      for (unsigned int __k = 1; __k <= __n; ++__k)

        __tc *= (__ax / __k);

      _Tp __term = __tc * __tc_sgn;

      _Tp __sum = __term;

      for (int __k = int(__n) - 1; __k >= 0; --__k)

        {

          __term *= ((__b + _Tp(__k)) / _Tp(int(__n) - __k))

                  * _Tp(__k + 1) / __mx;

          __sum += __term;

        }

      return __sum;

    }

    /**

     *   @brief This routine returns the associated Laguerre polynomial

     *          of order @f$ n @f$, degree @f$ \alpha @f$: @f$ L_n^\alpha(x) @f$

     *          by recursion.

     *

     *   The associated Laguerre function is defined by

     *   @f[

     *       L_n^\alpha(x) = \frac{(\alpha + 1)_n}{n!}

     *                       _1F_1(-n; \alpha + 1; x)

     *   @f]

     *   where @f$ (\alpha)_n @f$ is the Pochhammer symbol and

     *   @f$ _1F_1(a; c; x) @f$ is the confluent hypergeometric function.

     *

     *   The associated Laguerre polynomial is defined for integral

     *   @f$ \alpha = m @f$ by:

     *   @f[

     *       L_n^m(x) = (-1)^m \frac{d^m}{dx^m} L_{n + m}(x)

     *   @f]

     *   where the Laguerre polynomial is defined by:

     *   @f[

     *       L_n(x) = \frac{e^x}{n!} \frac{d^n}{dx^n} (x^ne^{-x})

     *   @f]

     *

     *   @param __n The order of the Laguerre function.

     *   @param __alpha The degree of the Laguerre function.

     *   @param __x The argument of the Laguerre function.

     *   @return The value of the Laguerre function of order n,

     *           degree @f$ \alpha @f$, and argument x.

     */

    template

    _Tp

    __poly_laguerre_recursion(const unsigned int __n,

                              const _Tpa __alpha1, const _Tp __x)

    {

      //   Compute l_0.

      _Tp __l_0 = _Tp(1);

      if  (__n == 0)

        return __l_0;

      //  Compute l_1^alpha.

      _Tp __l_1 = -__x + _Tp(1) + _Tp(__alpha1);

      if  (__n == 1)

        return __l_1;

      //  Compute l_n^alpha by recursion on n.

      _Tp __l_n2 = __l_0;

      _Tp __l_n1 = __l_1;

      _Tp __l_n = _Tp(0);

      for  (unsigned int __nn = 2; __nn <= __n; ++__nn)

        {

            __l_n = (_Tp(2 * __nn - 1) + _Tp(__alpha1) - __x)

                  * __l_n1 / _Tp(__nn)

                  - (_Tp(__nn - 1) + _Tp(__alpha1)) * __l_n2 / _Tp(__nn);

            __l_n2 = __l_n1;

            __l_n1 = __l_n;

        }

      return __l_n;

    }

    /**

     *   @brief This routine returns the associated Laguerre polynomial

     *          of order n, degree @f$ \alpha @f$: @f$ L_n^alpha(x) @f$.

     *

     *   The associated Laguerre function is defined by

     *   @f[

     *       L_n^\alpha(x) = \frac{(\alpha + 1)_n}{n!}

     *                       _1F_1(-n; \alpha + 1; x)

     *   @f]

     *   where @f$ (\alpha)_n @f$ is the Pochhammer symbol and

     *   @f$ _1F_1(a; c; x) @f$ is the confluent hypergeometric function.

     *

     *   The associated Laguerre polynomial is defined for integral

     *   @f$ \alpha = m @f$ by:

     *   @f[

     *       L_n^m(x) = (-1)^m \frac{d^m}{dx^m} L_{n + m}(x)

     *   @f]

     *   where the Laguerre polynomial is defined by:

     *   @f[

     *       L_n(x) = \frac{e^x}{n!} \frac{d^n}{dx^n} (x^ne^{-x})

     *   @f]

     *

     *   @param __n The order of the Laguerre function.

     *   @param __alpha The degree of the Laguerre function.

     *   @param __x The argument of the Laguerre function.

     *   @return The value of the Laguerre function of order n,

     *           degree @f$ \alpha @f$, and argument x.

     */

    template

    inline _Tp

    __poly_laguerre(const unsigned int __n, const _Tpa __alpha1,

                    const _Tp __x)

    {

      if (__x < _Tp(0))

        std::__throw_domain_error(__N("Negative argument "

                                      "in __poly_laguerre."));

      //  Return NaN on NaN input.

      else if (__isnan(__x))

        return std::numeric_limits<_Tp>::quiet_NaN();

      else if (__n == 0)

        return _Tp(1);

      else if (__n == 1)

        return _Tp(1) + _Tp(__alpha1) - __x;

      else if (__x == _Tp(0))

        {

          _Tp __prod = _Tp(__alpha1) + _Tp(1);

          for (unsigned int __k = 2; __k <= __n; ++__k)

            __prod *= (_Tp(__alpha1) + _Tp(__k)) / _Tp(__k);

          return __prod;

        }

      else if (__n > 10000000 && _Tp(__alpha1) > -_Tp(1)

            && __x < _Tp(2) * (_Tp(__alpha1) + _Tp(1)) + _Tp(4 * __n))

        return __poly_laguerre_large_n(__n, __alpha1, __x);

      else if (_Tp(__alpha1) >= _Tp(0)

           || (__x > _Tp(0) && _Tp(__alpha1) < -_Tp(__n + 1)))

        return __poly_laguerre_recursion(__n, __alpha1, __x);

      else

        return __poly_laguerre_hyperg(__n, __alpha1, __x);

    }

    /**

     *   @brief This routine returns the associated Laguerre polynomial

     *          of order n, degree m: @f$ L_n^m(x) @f$.

     *

     *   The associated Laguerre polynomial is defined for integral

     *   @f$ \alpha = m @f$ by:

     *   @f[

     *       L_n^m(x) = (-1)^m \frac{d^m}{dx^m} L_{n + m}(x)

     *   @f]

     *   where the Laguerre polynomial is defined by:

     *   @f[

     *       L_n(x) = \frac{e^x}{n!} \frac{d^n}{dx^n} (x^ne^{-x})

     *   @f]

     *

     *   @param __n The order of the Laguerre polynomial.

     *   @param __m The degree of the Laguerre polynomial.

     *   @param __x The argument of the Laguerre polynomial.

     *   @return The value of the associated Laguerre polynomial of order n,

     *           degree m, and argument x.

     */

    template

    inline _Tp

    __assoc_laguerre(const unsigned int __n, const unsigned int __m,

                     const _Tp __x)

    {

      return __poly_laguerre(__n, __m, __x);

    }

    /**

     *   @brief This routine returns the Laguerre polynomial

     *          of order n: @f$ L_n(x) @f$.

     *

     *   The Laguerre polynomial is defined by:

     *   @f[

     *       L_n(x) = \frac{e^x}{n!} \frac{d^n}{dx^n} (x^ne^{-x})

     *   @f]

     *

     *   @param __n The order of the Laguerre polynomial.

     *   @param __x The argument of the Laguerre polynomial.

     *   @return The value of the Laguerre polynomial of order n

     *           and argument x.

     */

    template

    inline _Tp

    __laguerre(const unsigned int __n, const _Tp __x)

    {

      return __poly_laguerre(__n, 0, __x);

    }

  _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  } // namespace std::tr1::__detail

}

}

#endif // _GLIBCXX_TR1_POLY_LAGUERRE_TCC