OpenCores
URL https://opencores.org/ocsvn/openrisc/openrisc/trunk

Subversion Repositories openrisc

[/] [openrisc/] [trunk/] [gnu-old/] [binutils-2.18.50/] [binutils/] [doc/] [objcopy.1] - Blame information for rev 816

Details | Compare with Previous | View Log

Line No. Rev Author Line
1 38 julius
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.14
2
.\"
3
.\" Standard preamble:
4
.\" ========================================================================
5
.de Sh \" Subsection heading
6
.br
7
.if t .Sp
8
.ne 5
9
.PP
10
\fB\\$1\fR
11
.PP
12
..
13
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
14
.if t .sp .5v
15
.if n .sp
16
..
17
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
18
.ft CW
19
.nf
20
.ne \\$1
21
..
22
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
23
.ft R
24
.fi
25
..
26
.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
27
.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
28
.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  | will give a
29
.\" real vertical bar.  \*(C+ will give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to
30
.\" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C'
31
.\" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
32
.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
33
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
34
.ie n \{\
35
.    ds -- \(*W-
36
.    ds PI pi
37
.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
38
.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
39
.    ds L" ""
40
.    ds R" ""
41
.    ds C` ""
42
.    ds C' ""
43
'br\}
44
.el\{\
45
.    ds -- \|\(em\|
46
.    ds PI \(*p
47
.    ds L" ``
48
.    ds R" ''
49
'br\}
50
.\"
51
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
52
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
53
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
54
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
55
.if \nF \{\
56
.    de IX
57
.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
58
..
59
.    nr % 0
60
.    rr F
61
.\}
62
.\"
63
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
64
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
65
.hy 0
66
.\"
67
.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
68
.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
69
.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
70
.if n \{\
71
.    ds #H 0
72
.    ds #V .8m
73
.    ds #F .3m
74
.    ds #[ \f1
75
.    ds #] \fP
76
.\}
77
.if t \{\
78
.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
79
.    ds #V .6m
80
.    ds #F 0
81
.    ds #[ \&
82
.    ds #] \&
83
.\}
84
.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
85
.if n \{\
86
.    ds ' \&
87
.    ds ` \&
88
.    ds ^ \&
89
.    ds , \&
90
.    ds ~ ~
91
.    ds /
92
.\}
93
.if t \{\
94
.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
95
.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
96
.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
97
.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
98
.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
99
.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
100
.\}
101
.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
102
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
103
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
104
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
105
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
106
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
107
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
108
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
109
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
110
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
111
.    \" corrections for vroff
112
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
113
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
114
.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
115
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
116
\{\
117
.    ds : e
118
.    ds 8 ss
119
.    ds o a
120
.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
121
.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
122
.    ds th \o'bp'
123
.    ds Th \o'LP'
124
.    ds ae ae
125
.    ds Ae AE
126
.\}
127
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
128
.\" ========================================================================
129
.\"
130
.IX Title "OBJCOPY 1"
131
.TH OBJCOPY 1 "2008-05-06" "binutils-2.18.50" "GNU Development Tools"
132
.SH "NAME"
133
objcopy \- copy and translate object files
134
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
135
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
136
objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
137
        [\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
138
        [\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
139
        [\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR]
140
        [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]
141
        [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]
142
        [\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
143
        [\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
144
        [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
145
        [\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
146
        [\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR]
147
        [\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
148
        [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
149
        [\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
150
        [\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]
151
        [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR]
152
        [\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]
153
        [\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR]
154
        [\fB\-i\fR \fIinterleave\fR|\fB\-\-interleave=\fR\fIinterleave\fR]
155
        [\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
156
        [\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR]
157
        [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]
158
        [\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
159
        [\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR]
160
        [\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
161
        [\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR]
162
        [\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR]
163
        [\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR]
164
        [\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
165
        [\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
166
        [\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
167
        [\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR]
168
        [\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR=\fIflags\fR]
169
        [\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
170
        [\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
171
        [\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR]
172
        [\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR]
173
        [\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR]
174
        [\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR]
175
        [\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
176
        [\fB\-\-weaken\fR]
177
        [\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
178
        [\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
179
        [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
180
        [\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
181
        [\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
182
        [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
183
        [\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
184
        [\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR]
185
        [\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR]
186
        [\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
187
        [\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
188
        [\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR]
189
        [\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]
190
        [\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]
191
        [\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR]
192
        [\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR]
193
        [\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR]
194
        [\fB\-\-pure\fR]
195
        [\fB\-\-impure\fR]
196
        [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
197
        [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
198
        [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]
199
        \fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]
200
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
201
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
202
The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object
203
file to another.  \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1BFD\s0 Library to
204
read and write the object files.  It can write the destination object
205
file in a format different from that of the source object file.  The
206
exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options.
207
Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file
208
between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file
209
between any two formats may not work as expected.
210
.PP
211
\&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and
212
deletes them afterward.  \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its
213
translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0
214
and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told
215
explicitly.
216
.PP
217
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output
218
target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR).
219
.PP
220
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an
221
output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR).  When
222
\&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce
223
a memory dump of the contents of the input object file.  All symbols and
224
relocation information will be discarded.  The memory dump will start at
225
the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
226
.PP
227
When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
228
use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information.  In
229
some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain
230
information that is not needed by the binary file.
231
.PP
232
Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input
233
files.  If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),
234
\&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the
235
same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR).
236
(However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.)
237
.SH "OPTIONS"
238
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
239
.IP "\fIinfile\fR" 4
240
.IX Item "infile"
241
.PD 0
242
.IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4
243
.IX Item "outfile"
244
.PD
245
The input and output files, respectively.
246
If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a
247
temporary file and destructively renames the result with
248
the name of \fIinfile\fR.
249
.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
250
.IX Item "-I bfdname"
251
.PD 0
252
.IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
253
.IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"
254
.PD
255
Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than
256
attempting to deduce it.
257
.IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
258
.IX Item "-O bfdname"
259
.PD 0
260
.IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
261
.IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"
262
.PD
263
Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR.
264
.IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
265
.IX Item "-F bfdname"
266
.PD 0
267
.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
268
.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
269
.PD
270
Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output
271
file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no
272
translation.
273
.IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4
274
.IX Item "-B bfdarch"
275
.PD 0
276
.IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4
277
.IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch"
278
.PD
279
Useful when transforming a raw binary input file into an object file.
280
In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This
281
option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You
282
can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special
283
symbols that are created by the conversion process.  These symbols are
284
called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and
285
_binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size.  e.g. you can transform a picture file into
286
an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols.
287
.IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
288
.IX Item "-j sectionname"
289
.PD 0
290
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
291
.IX Item "--only-section=sectionname"
292
.PD
293
Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file.
294
This option may be given more than once.  Note that using this option
295
inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
296
.IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4
297
.IX Item "-R sectionname"
298
.PD 0
299
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4
300
.IX Item "--remove-section=sectionname"
301
.PD
302
Remove any section named \fIsectionname\fR from the output file.  This
303
option may be given more than once.  Note that using this option
304
inappropriately may make the output file unusable.
305
.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
306
.IX Item "-S"
307
.PD 0
308
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4
309
.IX Item "--strip-all"
310
.PD
311
Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
312
.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
313
.IX Item "-g"
314
.PD 0
315
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4
316
.IX Item "--strip-debug"
317
.PD
318
Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.
319
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4
320
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded"
321
Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
322
.IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
323
.IX Item "-K symbolname"
324
.PD 0
325
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
326
.IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"
327
.PD
328
When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would
329
normally be stripped.  This option may be given more than once.
330
.IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
331
.IX Item "-N symbolname"
332
.PD 0
333
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
334
.IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"
335
.PD
336
Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file.  This option
337
may be given more than once.
338
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
339
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname"
340
Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed
341
by a relocation.  This option may be given more than once.
342
.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
343
.IX Item "-G symbolname"
344
.PD 0
345
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
346
.IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname"
347
.PD
348
Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global.  Make all other symbols local
349
to the file, so that they are not visible externally.  This option may
350
be given more than once.
351
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4
352
.IX Item "--localize-hidden"
353
In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility
354
as local.  This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options
355
such as \fB\-L\fR.
356
.IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
357
.IX Item "-L symbolname"
358
.PD 0
359
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
360
.IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname"
361
.PD
362
Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR local to the file, so that it is not
363
visible externally.  This option may be given more than once.
364
.IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
365
.IX Item "-W symbolname"
366
.PD 0
367
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
368
.IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname"
369
.PD
370
Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once.
371
.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
372
.IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname"
373
Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible
374
outside of the file in which it is defined.  This option may be given
375
more than once.
376
.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
377
.IX Item "-w"
378
.PD 0
379
.IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4
380
.IX Item "--wildcard"
381
.PD
382
Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command
383
line options.  The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and
384
square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
385
name.  If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
386
point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
387
For example:
388
.Sp
389
.Vb 1
390
\&          -w -W !foo -W fo*
391
.Ve
392
.Sp
393
would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R"
394
except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".
395
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
396
.IX Item "-x"
397
.PD 0
398
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4
399
.IX Item "--discard-all"
400
.PD
401
Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
402
.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4
403
.IX Item "-X"
404
.PD 0
405
.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4
406
.IX Item "--discard-locals"
407
.PD
408
Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.
409
(These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)
410
.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4
411
.IX Item "-b byte"
412
.PD 0
413
.IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4
414
.IX Item "--byte=byte"
415
.PD
416
Keep only every \fIbyte\fRth byte of the input file (header data is not
417
affected).  \fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIinterleave\fR\-1,
418
where \fIinterleave\fR is given by the \fB\-i\fR or \fB\-\-interleave\fR
419
option, or the default of 4.  This option is useful for creating files
420
to program \s-1ROM\s0.  It is typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output
421
target.
422
.IP "\fB\-i\fR \fIinterleave\fR" 4
423
.IX Item "-i interleave"
424
.PD 0
425
.IP "\fB\-\-interleave=\fR\fIinterleave\fR" 4
426
.IX Item "--interleave=interleave"
427
.PD
428
Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fR bytes.  Select which byte to
429
copy with the \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-\-byte\fR option.  The default is 4.
430
\&\fBobjcopy\fR ignores this option if you do not specify either \fB\-b\fR or
431
\&\fB\-\-byte\fR.
432
.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
433
.IX Item "-p"
434
.PD 0
435
.IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4
436
.IX Item "--preserve-dates"
437
.PD
438
Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
439
as those of the input file.
440
.IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
441
.IX Item "--debugging"
442
Convert debugging information, if possible.  This is not the default
443
because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
444
conversion process can be time consuming.
445
.IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4
446
.IX Item "--gap-fill val"
447
Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR.  This operation applies to
448
the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections.  It is done by increasing
449
the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
450
space created with \fIval\fR.
451
.IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4
452
.IX Item "--pad-to address"
453
Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR.  This is
454
done by increasing the size of the last section.  The extra space is
455
filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero).
456
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4
457
.IX Item "--set-start val"
458
Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fR.  Not all object file
459
formats support setting the start address.
460
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
461
.IX Item "--change-start incr"
462
.PD 0
463
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
464
.IX Item "--adjust-start incr"
465
.PD
466
Change the start address by adding \fIincr\fR.  Not all object file
467
formats support setting the start address.
468
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
469
.IX Item "--change-addresses incr"
470
.PD 0
471
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
472
.IX Item "--adjust-vma incr"
473
.PD
474
Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start
475
address, by adding \fIincr\fR.  Some object file formats do not permit
476
section addresses to be changed arbitrarily.  Note that this does not
477
relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
478
certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
479
that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
480
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
481
.IX Item "--change-section-address section{=,+,-}val"
482
.PD 0
483
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
484
.IX Item "--adjust-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"
485
.PD
486
Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named
487
\&\fIsection\fR.  If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
488
\&\fIval\fR.  Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
489
section address.  See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
490
above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning will
491
be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
492
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
493
.IX Item "--change-section-lma section{=,+,-}val"
494
Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR.  The \s-1LMA\s0
495
address is the address where the section will be loaded into memory at
496
program load time.  Normally this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which
497
is the address of the section at program run time, but on some systems,
498
especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM\s0, the two can be
499
different.  If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
500
\&\fIval\fR.  Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
501
section address.  See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
502
above.  If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning
503
will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
504
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
505
.IX Item "--change-section-vma section{=,+,-}val"
506
Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR.  The \s-1VMA\s0
507
address is the address where the section will be located once the
508
program has started executing.  Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0
509
address, which is the address where the section will be loaded into
510
memory, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in
511
\&\s-1ROM\s0, the two can be different.  If \fB=\fR is used, the section address
512
is set to \fIval\fR.  Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted
513
from the section address.  See the comments under
514
\&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above.  If \fIsection\fR does not exist in
515
the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
516
\&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
517
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
518
.IX Item "--change-warnings"
519
.PD 0
520
.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
521
.IX Item "--adjust-warnings"
522
.PD
523
If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or
524
\&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the named section does not
525
exist, issue a warning.  This is the default.
526
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
527
.IX Item "--no-change-warnings"
528
.PD 0
529
.IP "\fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
530
.IX Item "--no-adjust-warnings"
531
.PD
532
Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or
533
\&\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-lma\fR or \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR is used, even
534
if the named section does not exist.
535
.IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR\fB=\fR\fIflags\fR" 4
536
.IX Item "--set-section-flags section=flags"
537
Set the flags for the named section.  The \fIflags\fR argument is a
538
comma separated string of flag names.  The recognized names are
539
\&\fBalloc\fR, \fBcontents\fR, \fBload\fR, \fBnoload\fR,
540
\&\fBreadonly\fR, \fBcode\fR, \fBdata\fR, \fBrom\fR, \fBshare\fR, and
541
\&\fBdebug\fR.  You can set the \fBcontents\fR flag for a section which
542
does not have contents, but it is not meaningful to clear the
543
\&\fBcontents\fR flag of a section which does have contents\*(--just remove
544
the section instead.  Not all flags are meaningful for all object file
545
formats.
546
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
547
.IX Item "--add-section sectionname=filename"
548
Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file.  The
549
contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR.  The
550
size of the section will be the size of the file.  This option only
551
works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names.
552
.IP "\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR\fB=\fR\fInewname\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
553
.IX Item "--rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]"
554
Rename a section from \fIoldname\fR to \fInewname\fR, optionally
555
changing the section's flags to \fIflags\fR in the process.  This has
556
the advantage over usng a linker script to perform the rename in that
557
the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked
558
executable.
559
.Sp
560
This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary,
561
since this will always create a section called .data.  If for example,
562
you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary
563
data you could use the following command line to achieve it:
564
.Sp
565
.Vb 3
566
\&          objcopy -I binary -O  -B  \e
567
\&           --rename-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \e
568
\&            
569
.Ve
570
.IP "\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR" 4
571
.IX Item "--change-leading-char"
572
Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
573
symbols.  The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
574
often add before every symbol.  This option tells \fBobjcopy\fR to
575
change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between
576
object file formats.  If the object file formats use the same leading
577
character, this option has no effect.  Otherwise, it will add a
578
character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
579
appropriate.
580
.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR" 4
581
.IX Item "--remove-leading-char"
582
If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
583
character used by the object file format, remove the character.  The
584
most common symbol leading character is underscore.  This option will
585
remove a leading underscore from all global symbols.  This can be useful
586
if you want to link together objects of different file formats with
587
different conventions for symbol names.  This is different from
588
\&\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR because it always changes the symbol name
589
when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
590
file.
591
.IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
592
.IX Item "--reverse-bytes=num"
593
Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents.  A section length must
594
be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to
595
take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed.
596
.Sp
597
This option is used typically in generating \s-1ROM\s0 images for problematic
598
target systems.  For example, on some target boards, the 32\-bit words
599
fetched from 8\-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order
600
regardless of the \s-1CPU\s0 byte order.  Depending on the programming model, the
601
endianness of the \s-1ROM\s0 may need to be modified.
602
.Sp
603
Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight
604
bytes:  \f(CW12345678\fR.
605
.Sp
606
Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
607
output file would be ordered \f(CW21436587\fR.
608
.Sp
609
Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
610
output file would be ordered \f(CW43218765\fR.
611
.Sp
612
By using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, followed by
613
\&\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR on the output file, the bytes in the second
614
output file would be ordered \f(CW34127856\fR.
615
.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR" 4
616
.IX Item "--srec-len=ival"
617
Meaningful only for srec output.  Set the maximum length of the Srecords
618
being produced to \fIival\fR.  This length covers both address, data and
619
crc fields.
620
.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR" 4
621
.IX Item "--srec-forceS3"
622
Meaningful only for srec output.  Avoid generation of S1/S2 records,
623
creating S3\-only record format.
624
.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
625
.IX Item "--redefine-sym old=new"
626
Change the name of a symbol \fIold\fR, to \fInew\fR.  This can be useful
627
when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
628
source, and there are name collisions.
629
.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
630
.IX Item "--redefine-syms=filename"
631
Apply \fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR to each symbol pair "\fIold\fR \fInew\fR"
632
listed in the file \fIfilename\fR.  \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file,
633
with one symbol pair per line.  Line comments may be introduced by the hash
634
character.  This option may be given more than once.
635
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\fR" 4
636
.IX Item "--weaken"
637
Change all global symbols in the file to be weak.  This can be useful
638
when building an object which will be linked against other objects using
639
the \fB\-R\fR option to the linker.  This option is only effective when
640
using an object file format which supports weak symbols.
641
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
642
.IX Item "--keep-symbols=filename"
643
Apply \fB\-\-keep\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
644
\&\fIfilename\fR.  \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
645
name per line.  Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
646
This option may be given more than once.
647
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
648
.IX Item "--strip-symbols=filename"
649
Apply \fB\-\-strip\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
650
\&\fIfilename\fR.  \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
651
name per line.  Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
652
This option may be given more than once.
653
.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
654
.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbols=filename"
655
Apply \fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in
656
the file \fIfilename\fR.  \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
657
symbol name per line.  Line comments may be introduced by the hash
658
character.  This option may be given more than once.
659
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
660
.IX Item "--keep-global-symbols=filename"
661
Apply \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the
662
file \fIfilename\fR.  \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
663
symbol name per line.  Line comments may be introduced by the hash
664
character.  This option may be given more than once.
665
.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
666
.IX Item "--localize-symbols=filename"
667
Apply \fB\-\-localize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
668
\&\fIfilename\fR.  \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
669
name per line.  Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
670
This option may be given more than once.
671
.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
672
.IX Item "--globalize-symbols=filename"
673
Apply \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
674
\&\fIfilename\fR.  \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
675
name per line.  Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
676
This option may be given more than once.
677
.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
678
.IX Item "--weaken-symbols=filename"
679
Apply \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
680
\&\fIfilename\fR.  \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
681
name per line.  Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
682
This option may be given more than once.
683
.IP "\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR" 4
684
.IX Item "--alt-machine-code=index"
685
If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the
686
\&\fIindex\fRth code instead of the default one.  This is useful in case
687
a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the
688
new code, but other applications still depend on the original code
689
being used.  For \s-1ELF\s0 based architectures if the \fIindex\fR
690
alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute
691
number to be stored in the e_machine field of the \s-1ELF\s0 header.
692
.IP "\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR" 4
693
.IX Item "--writable-text"
694
Mark the output text as writable.  This option isn't meaningful for all
695
object file formats.
696
.IP "\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR" 4
697
.IX Item "--readonly-text"
698
Make the output text write protected.  This option isn't meaningful for all
699
object file formats.
700
.IP "\fB\-\-pure\fR" 4
701
.IX Item "--pure"
702
Mark the output file as demand paged.  This option isn't meaningful for all
703
object file formats.
704
.IP "\fB\-\-impure\fR" 4
705
.IX Item "--impure"
706
Mark the output file as impure.  This option isn't meaningful for all
707
object file formats.
708
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
709
.IX Item "--prefix-symbols=string"
710
Prefix all symbols in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
711
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
712
.IX Item "--prefix-sections=string"
713
Prefix all section names in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
714
.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
715
.IX Item "--prefix-alloc-sections=string"
716
Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with
717
\&\fIstring\fR.
718
.IP "\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR" 4
719
.IX Item "--add-gnu-debuglink=path-to-file"
720
Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to \fIpath-to-file\fR
721
and adds it to the output file.
722
.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4
723
.IX Item "--keep-file-symbols"
724
When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
725
\&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names,
726
which would otherwise get stripped.
727
.IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4
728
.IX Item "--only-keep-debug"
729
Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
730
stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections
731
intact.  In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output.
732
.Sp
733
The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
734
\&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable.  One a
735
stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a
736
distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
737
needed if debugging abilities are required.  The suggested procedure
738
to create these files is as follows:
739
.RS 4
740
.IP "1." 4
741
.IX Item "1."
742
\&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then...
743
.ie n .IP "1." 4
744
.el .IP "1." 4
745
.IX Item "1."
746
create a file containing the debugging info.
747
.ie n .IP "1." 4
748
.el .IP "1." 4
749
.IX Item "1."
750
stripped executable.
751
.ie n .IP "1." 4
752
.el .IP "1." 4
753
.IX Item "1."
754
to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
755
.RE
756
.RS 4
757
.Sp
758
Note\-\-\-the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info
759
file is arbitrary.  Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is
760
optional.  You could instead do this:
761
.IP "1." 4
762
.IX Item "1."
763
.PD 0
764
.ie n .IP "1." 4
765
.el .IP "1." 4
766
.IX Item "1."
767
.ie n .IP "1." 4
768
.el .IP "1." 4
769
.IX Item "1."
770
.ie n .IP "1." 4
771
.el .IP "1." 4
772
.IX Item "1."
773
.RE
774
.RS 4
775
.PD
776
.Sp
777
i.e., the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the
778
full executable.  It does not have to be a file created by the
779
\&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch.
780
.Sp
781
Note\-\-\-this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files.  It
782
does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging
783
information may be incomplete.  Besides the gnu_debuglink feature
784
currently only supports the presence of one filename containing
785
debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file
786
basis.
787
.RE
788
.IP "\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR" 4
789
.IX Item "--extract-symbol"
790
Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data.
791
Specifically, the option:
792
.RS 4
793
.IP "*" 4
794
.IX Item "*"
795
.PD 0
796
.IP "*" 4
797
.IX Item "*"
798
.IP "*" 4
799
.IX Item "*"
800
.IP "*" 4
801
.IX Item "*"
802
.RE
803
.RS 4
804
.PD
805
.Sp
806
This option is used to build a \fI.sym\fR file for a VxWorks kernel.
807
It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a \fB\-\-just\-symbols\fR
808
linker input file.
809
.RE
810
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
811
.IX Item "-V"
812
.PD 0
813
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
814
.IX Item "--version"
815
.PD
816
Show the version number of \fBobjcopy\fR.
817
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
818
.IX Item "-v"
819
.PD 0
820
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
821
.IX Item "--verbose"
822
.PD
823
Verbose output: list all object files modified.  In the case of
824
archives, \fBobjcopy \-V\fR lists all members of the archive.
825
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
826
.IX Item "--help"
827
Show a summary of the options to \fBobjcopy\fR.
828
.IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
829
.IX Item "--info"
830
Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
831
.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
832
.IX Item "@file"
833
Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR.  The options read are
834
inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option.  If \fIfile\fR
835
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
836
literally, and not removed.
837
.Sp
838
Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace.  A whitespace
839
character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
840
option in either single or double quotes.  Any character (including a
841
backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
842
with a backslash.  The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
843
@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
844
.SH "SEE ALSO"
845
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
846
\&\fIld\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
847
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
848
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
849
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
850
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
851
.PP
852
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
853
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
854
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
855
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
856
Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
857
section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".

powered by: WebSVN 2.1.0

© copyright 1999-2024 OpenCores.org, equivalent to Oliscience, all rights reserved. OpenCores®, registered trademark.