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/* Thread edges through blocks and update the control flow and SSA graphs.

   Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)

any later version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see

<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include "config.h"

#include "system.h"

#include "coretypes.h"

#include "tm.h"

#include "tree.h"

#include "flags.h"

#include "rtl.h"

#include "tm_p.h"

#include "ggc.h"

#include "basic-block.h"

#include "output.h"

#include "expr.h"

#include "function.h"

#include "diagnostic.h"

#include "tree-flow.h"

#include "tree-dump.h"

#include "tree-pass.h"

#include "cfgloop.h"

/* Given a block B, update the CFG and SSA graph to reflect redirecting

   one or more in-edges to B to instead reach the destination of an

   out-edge from B while preserving any side effects in B.

   i.e., given A->B and B->C, change A->B to be A->C yet still preserve the

   side effects of executing B.

     1. Make a copy of B (including its outgoing edges and statements).  Call

        the copy B'.  Note B' has no incoming edges or PHIs at this time.

     2. Remove the control statement at the end of B' and all outgoing edges

        except B'->C.

     3. Add a new argument to each PHI in C with the same value as the existing

        argument associated with edge B->C.  Associate the new PHI arguments

        with the edge B'->C.

     4. For each PHI in B, find or create a PHI in B' with an identical

        PHI_RESULT.  Add an argument to the PHI in B' which has the same

        value as the PHI in B associated with the edge A->B.  Associate

        the new argument in the PHI in B' with the edge A->B.

     5. Change the edge A->B to A->B'.

        5a. This automatically deletes any PHI arguments associated with the

            edge A->B in B.

        5b. This automatically associates each new argument added in step 4

            with the edge A->B'.

     6. Repeat for other incoming edges into B.

     7. Put the duplicated resources in B and all the B' blocks into SSA form.

   Note that block duplication can be minimized by first collecting the

   the set of unique destination blocks that the incoming edges should

   be threaded to.  Block duplication can be further minimized by using

   B instead of creating B' for one destination if all edges into B are

   going to be threaded to a successor of B.

   We further reduce the number of edges and statements we create by

   not copying all the outgoing edges and the control statement in

   step #1.  We instead create a template block without the outgoing

   edges and duplicate the template.  */

/* Steps #5 and #6 of the above algorithm are best implemented by walking

   all the incoming edges which thread to the same destination edge at

   the same time.  That avoids lots of table lookups to get information

   for the destination edge.

   To realize that implementation we create a list of incoming edges

   which thread to the same outgoing edge.  Thus to implement steps

   #5 and #6 we traverse our hash table of outgoing edge information.

   For each entry we walk the list of incoming edges which thread to

   the current outgoing edge.  */

struct el

{

  edge e;

  struct el *next;

};

/* Main data structure recording information regarding B's duplicate

   blocks.  */

/* We need to efficiently record the unique thread destinations of this

   block and specific information associated with those destinations.  We

   may have many incoming edges threaded to the same outgoing edge.  This

   can be naturally implemented with a hash table.  */

struct redirection_data

{

  /* A duplicate of B with the trailing control statement removed and which

     targets a single successor of B.  */

  basic_block dup_block;

  /* An outgoing edge from B.  DUP_BLOCK will have OUTGOING_EDGE->dest as

     its single successor.  */

  edge outgoing_edge;

  /* A list of incoming edges which we want to thread to

     OUTGOING_EDGE->dest.  */

  struct el *incoming_edges;

  /* Flag indicating whether or not we should create a duplicate block

     for this thread destination.  This is only true if we are threading

     all incoming edges and thus are using BB itself as a duplicate block.  */

  bool do_not_duplicate;

};

/* Main data structure to hold information for duplicates of BB.  */

static htab_t redirection_data;

/* Data structure of information to pass to hash table traversal routines.  */

struct local_info

{

  /* The current block we are working on.  */

  basic_block bb;

  /* A template copy of BB with no outgoing edges or control statement that

     we use for creating copies.  */

  basic_block template_block;

  /* TRUE if we thread one or more jumps, FALSE otherwise.  */

  bool jumps_threaded;

};

/* Passes which use the jump threading code register jump threading

   opportunities as they are discovered.  We keep the registered

   jump threading opportunities in this vector as edge pairs

   (original_edge, target_edge).  */

DEF_VEC_ALLOC_P(edge,heap);

static VEC(edge,heap) *threaded_edges;

/* Jump threading statistics.  */

struct thread_stats_d

{

  unsigned long num_threaded_edges;

};

struct thread_stats_d thread_stats;

/* Remove the last statement in block BB if it is a control statement

   Also remove all outgoing edges except the edge which reaches DEST_BB.

   If DEST_BB is NULL, then remove all outgoing edges.  */

static void

remove_ctrl_stmt_and_useless_edges (basic_block bb, basic_block dest_bb)

{

  block_stmt_iterator bsi;

  edge e;

  edge_iterator ei;

  bsi = bsi_last (bb);

  /* If the duplicate ends with a control statement, then remove it.

     Note that if we are duplicating the template block rather than the

     original basic block, then the duplicate might not have any real

     statements in it.  */

  if (!bsi_end_p (bsi)

      && bsi_stmt (bsi)

      && (TREE_CODE (bsi_stmt (bsi)) == COND_EXPR

          || TREE_CODE (bsi_stmt (bsi)) == GOTO_EXPR

          || TREE_CODE (bsi_stmt (bsi)) == SWITCH_EXPR))

    bsi_remove (&bsi, true);

  for (ei = ei_start (bb->succs); (e = ei_safe_edge (ei)); )

    {

      if (e->dest != dest_bb)

        remove_edge (e);

      else

        ei_next (&ei);

    }

}

/* Create a duplicate of BB which only reaches the destination of the edge

   stored in RD.  Record the duplicate block in RD.  */

static void

create_block_for_threading (basic_block bb, struct redirection_data *rd)

{

  /* We can use the generic block duplication code and simply remove

     the stuff we do not need.  */

  rd->dup_block = duplicate_block (bb, NULL, NULL);

  /* Zero out the profile, since the block is unreachable for now.  */

  rd->dup_block->frequency = 0;

  rd->dup_block->count = 0;

  /* The call to duplicate_block will copy everything, including the

     useless COND_EXPR or SWITCH_EXPR at the end of BB.  We just remove

     the useless COND_EXPR or SWITCH_EXPR here rather than having a

     specialized block copier.  We also remove all outgoing edges

     from the duplicate block.  The appropriate edge will be created

     later.  */

  remove_ctrl_stmt_and_useless_edges (rd->dup_block, NULL);

}

/* Hashing and equality routines for our hash table.  */

static hashval_t

redirection_data_hash (const void *p)

{

  edge e = ((struct redirection_data *)p)->outgoing_edge;

  return e->dest->index;

}

static int

redirection_data_eq (const void *p1, const void *p2)

{

  edge e1 = ((struct redirection_data *)p1)->outgoing_edge;

  edge e2 = ((struct redirection_data *)p2)->outgoing_edge;

  return e1 == e2;

}

/* Given an outgoing edge E lookup and return its entry in our hash table.

   If INSERT is true, then we insert the entry into the hash table if

   it is not already present.  INCOMING_EDGE is added to the list of incoming

   edges associated with E in the hash table.  */

static struct redirection_data *

lookup_redirection_data (edge e, edge incoming_edge, enum insert_option insert)

{

  void **slot;

  struct redirection_data *elt;

 /* Build a hash table element so we can see if E is already

     in the table.  */

  elt = XNEW (struct redirection_data);

  elt->outgoing_edge = e;

  elt->dup_block = NULL;

  elt->do_not_duplicate = false;

  elt->incoming_edges = NULL;

  slot = htab_find_slot (redirection_data, elt, insert);

  /* This will only happen if INSERT is false and the entry is not

     in the hash table.  */

  if (slot == NULL)

    {

      free (elt);

      return NULL;

    }

  /* This will only happen if E was not in the hash table and

     INSERT is true.  */

  if (*slot == NULL)

    {

      *slot = (void *)elt;

      elt->incoming_edges = XNEW (struct el);

      elt->incoming_edges->e = incoming_edge;

      elt->incoming_edges->next = NULL;

      return elt;

    }

  /* E was in the hash table.  */

  else

    {

      /* Free ELT as we do not need it anymore, we will extract the

         relevant entry from the hash table itself.  */

      free (elt);

      /* Get the entry stored in the hash table.  */

      elt = (struct redirection_data *) *slot;

      /* If insertion was requested, then we need to add INCOMING_EDGE

         to the list of incoming edges associated with E.  */

      if (insert)

        {

          struct el *el = XNEW (struct el);

          el->next = elt->incoming_edges;

          el->e = incoming_edge;

          elt->incoming_edges = el;

        }

      return elt;

    }

}

/* Given a duplicate block and its single destination (both stored

   in RD).  Create an edge between the duplicate and its single

   destination.

   Add an additional argument to any PHI nodes at the single

   destination.  */

static void

create_edge_and_update_destination_phis (struct redirection_data *rd)

{

  edge e = make_edge (rd->dup_block, rd->outgoing_edge->dest, EDGE_FALLTHRU);

  tree phi;

  e->probability = REG_BR_PROB_BASE;

  e->count = rd->dup_block->count;

  /* If there are any PHI nodes at the destination of the outgoing edge

     from the duplicate block, then we will need to add a new argument

     to them.  The argument should have the same value as the argument

     associated with the outgoing edge stored in RD.  */

  for (phi = phi_nodes (e->dest); phi; phi = PHI_CHAIN (phi))

    {

      int indx = rd->outgoing_edge->dest_idx;

      add_phi_arg (phi, PHI_ARG_DEF (phi, indx), e);

    }

}

/* Hash table traversal callback routine to create duplicate blocks.  */

static int

create_duplicates (void **slot, void *data)

{

  struct redirection_data *rd = (struct redirection_data *) *slot;

  struct local_info *local_info = (struct local_info *)data;

  /* If this entry should not have a duplicate created, then there's

     nothing to do.  */

  if (rd->do_not_duplicate)

    return 1;

  /* Create a template block if we have not done so already.  Otherwise

     use the template to create a new block.  */

  if (local_info->template_block == NULL)

    {

      create_block_for_threading (local_info->bb, rd);

      local_info->template_block = rd->dup_block;

      /* We do not create any outgoing edges for the template.  We will

         take care of that in a later traversal.  That way we do not

         create edges that are going to just be deleted.  */

    }

  else

    {

      create_block_for_threading (local_info->template_block, rd);

      /* Go ahead and wire up outgoing edges and update PHIs for the duplicate

         block.  */

      create_edge_and_update_destination_phis (rd);

    }

  /* Keep walking the hash table.  */

  return 1;

}

/* We did not create any outgoing edges for the template block during

   block creation.  This hash table traversal callback creates the

   outgoing edge for the template block.  */

static int

fixup_template_block (void **slot, void *data)

{

  struct redirection_data *rd = (struct redirection_data *) *slot;

  struct local_info *local_info = (struct local_info *)data;

  /* If this is the template block, then create its outgoing edges

     and halt the hash table traversal.  */

  if (rd->dup_block && rd->dup_block == local_info->template_block)

    {

      create_edge_and_update_destination_phis (rd);

      return 0;

    }

  return 1;

}

/* Not all jump threading requests are useful.  In particular some

   jump threading requests can create irreducible regions which are

   undesirable.

   This routine will examine the BB's incoming edges for jump threading

   requests which, if acted upon, would create irreducible regions.  Any

   such jump threading requests found will be pruned away.  */

static void

prune_undesirable_thread_requests (basic_block bb)

{

  edge e;

  edge_iterator ei;

  bool may_create_irreducible_region = false;

  unsigned int num_outgoing_edges_into_loop = 0;

  /* For the heuristics below, we need to know if BB has more than

     one outgoing edge into a loop.  */

  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)

    num_outgoing_edges_into_loop += ((e->flags & EDGE_LOOP_EXIT) == 0);

  if (num_outgoing_edges_into_loop > 1)

    {

      edge backedge = NULL;

      /* Consider the effect of threading the edge (0, 1) to 2 on the left

         CFG to produce the right CFG:

             |            |

             1<--+        2<--------+

            / \  |        |         |

           2   3 |        4<----+   |

            \ /  |       / \    |   |

             4---+      E   1-- | --+

             |              |   |

             E              3---+

        Threading the (0, 1) edge to 2 effectively creates two loops

        (2, 4, 1) and (4, 1, 3) which are neither disjoint nor nested.

        This is not good.

        However, we do need to be able to thread  (0, 1) to 2 or 3

        in the left CFG below (which creates the middle and right

        CFGs with nested loops).

             |          |             |

             1<--+      2<----+       3<-+<-+

            /|   |      |     |       |  |  |

           2 |   |      3<-+  |       1--+  |

            \|   |      |  |  |       |     |

             3---+      1--+--+       2-----+

         A safe heuristic appears to be to only allow threading if BB

         has a single incoming backedge from one of its direct successors.  */

      FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)

        {

          if (e->flags & EDGE_DFS_BACK)

            {

              if (backedge)

                {

                  backedge = NULL;

                  break;

                }

              else

                {

                  backedge = e;

                }

            }

        }

      if (backedge && find_edge (bb, backedge->src))

        ;

      else

        may_create_irreducible_region = true;

    }

  else

    {

      edge dest = NULL;

      /* If we thread across the loop entry block (BB) into the

         loop and BB is still reached from outside the loop, then

         we would create an irreducible CFG.  Consider the effect

         of threading the edge (1, 4) to 5 on the left CFG to produce

         the right CFG

            / \             / \

           1   2           1   2

            \ /            |   |

             4<----+       5<->4

            / \    |           |

           E   5---+           E

         Threading the (1, 4) edge to 5 creates two entry points

         into the loop (4, 5) (one from block 1, the other from

         block 2).  A classic irreducible region.

         So look at all of BB's incoming edges which are not

         backedges and which are not threaded to the loop exit.

         If that subset of incoming edges do not all thread

         to the same block, then threading any of them will create

         an irreducible region.  */

      FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)

        {

          edge e2;

          /* We ignore back edges for now.  This may need refinement

             as threading a backedge creates an inner loop which

             we would need to verify has a single entry point.

             If all backedges thread to new locations, then this

             block will no longer have incoming backedges and we

             need not worry about creating irreducible regions

             by threading through BB.  I don't think this happens

             enough in practice to worry about it.  */

          if (e->flags & EDGE_DFS_BACK)

            continue;

          /* If the incoming edge threads to the loop exit, then it

             is clearly safe.  */

          e2 = e->aux;

          if (e2 && (e2->flags & EDGE_LOOP_EXIT))

            continue;

          /* E enters the loop header and is not threaded.  We can

             not allow any other incoming edges to thread into

             the loop as that would create an irreducible region.  */

          if (!e2)

            {

              may_create_irreducible_region = true;

              break;

            }

          /* We know that this incoming edge threads to a block inside

             the loop.  This edge must thread to the same target in

             the loop as any previously seen threaded edges.  Otherwise

             we will create an irreducible region.  */

          if (!dest)

            dest = e2;

          else if (e2 != dest)

            {

              may_create_irreducible_region = true;

              break;

            }

        }

    }

  /* If we might create an irreducible region, then cancel any of

     the jump threading requests for incoming edges which are

     not backedges and which do not thread to the exit block.  */

  if (may_create_irreducible_region)

    {

      FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)

        {

          edge e2;

          /* Ignore back edges.  */

          if (e->flags & EDGE_DFS_BACK)

            continue;

          e2 = e->aux;

          /* If this incoming edge was not threaded, then there is

             nothing to do.  */

          if (!e2)

            continue;

          /* If this incoming edge threaded to the loop exit,

             then it can be ignored as it is safe.  */

          if (e2->flags & EDGE_LOOP_EXIT)

            continue;

          if (e2)

            {

              /* This edge threaded into the loop and the jump thread

                 request must be cancelled.  */

              if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))

                fprintf (dump_file, "  Not threading jump %d --> %d to %d\n",

                         e->src->index, e->dest->index, e2->dest->index);

              e->aux = NULL;

            }

        }

    }

}

/* Hash table traversal callback to redirect each incoming edge

   associated with this hash table element to its new destination.  */

static int

redirect_edges (void **slot, void *data)

{

  struct redirection_data *rd = (struct redirection_data *) *slot;

  struct local_info *local_info = (struct local_info *)data;

  struct el *next, *el;

  /* Walk over all the incoming edges associated associated with this

     hash table entry.  */

  for (el = rd->incoming_edges; el; el = next)

    {

      edge e = el->e;

      /* Go ahead and free this element from the list.  Doing this now

         avoids the need for another list walk when we destroy the hash

         table.  */

      next = el->next;

      free (el);

      /* Go ahead and clear E->aux.  It's not needed anymore and failure

         to clear it will cause all kinds of unpleasant problems later.  */

      e->aux = NULL;

      thread_stats.num_threaded_edges++;

      if (rd->dup_block)

        {

          edge e2;

          if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))

            fprintf (dump_file, "  Threaded jump %d --> %d to %d\n",

                     e->src->index, e->dest->index, rd->dup_block->index);

          rd->dup_block->count += e->count;

          rd->dup_block->frequency += EDGE_FREQUENCY (e);

          EDGE_SUCC (rd->dup_block, 0)->count += e->count;

          /* Redirect the incoming edge to the appropriate duplicate

             block.  */

          e2 = redirect_edge_and_branch (e, rd->dup_block);

          flush_pending_stmts (e2);

          if ((dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))

              && e->src != e2->src)

            fprintf (dump_file, "    basic block %d created\n", e2->src->index);

        }

      else

        {

          if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))

            fprintf (dump_file, "  Threaded jump %d --> %d to %d\n",

                     e->src->index, e->dest->index, local_info->bb->index);

          /* We are using BB as the duplicate.  Remove the unnecessary

             outgoing edges and statements from BB.  */

          remove_ctrl_stmt_and_useless_edges (local_info->bb,

                                              rd->outgoing_edge->dest);

          /* And fixup the flags on the single remaining edge.  */

          single_succ_edge (local_info->bb)->flags

            &= ~(EDGE_TRUE_VALUE | EDGE_FALSE_VALUE | EDGE_ABNORMAL);

          single_succ_edge (local_info->bb)->flags |= EDGE_FALLTHRU;

        }

    }

  /* Indicate that we actually threaded one or more jumps.  */

  if (rd->incoming_edges)

    local_info->jumps_threaded = true;

  return 1;

}

/* Return true if this block has no executable statements other than

   a simple ctrl flow instruction.  When the number of outgoing edges

   is one, this is equivalent to a "forwarder" block.  */

static bool

redirection_block_p (basic_block bb)

{

  block_stmt_iterator bsi;

  /* Advance to the first executable statement.  */

  bsi = bsi_start (bb);

  while (!bsi_end_p (bsi)

          && (TREE_CODE (bsi_stmt (bsi)) == LABEL_EXPR

              || IS_EMPTY_STMT (bsi_stmt (bsi))))

    bsi_next (&bsi);

  /* Check if this is an empty block.  */

  if (bsi_end_p (bsi))

    return true;

  /* Test that we've reached the terminating control statement.  */

  return bsi_stmt (bsi)

         && (TREE_CODE (bsi_stmt (bsi)) == COND_EXPR

             || TREE_CODE (bsi_stmt (bsi)) == GOTO_EXPR

             || TREE_CODE (bsi_stmt (bsi)) == SWITCH_EXPR);

}

/* BB is a block which ends with a COND_EXPR or SWITCH_EXPR and when BB

   is reached via one or more specific incoming edges, we know which

   outgoing edge from BB will be traversed.

   We want to redirect those incoming edges to the target of the

   appropriate outgoing edge.  Doing so avoids a conditional branch

   and may expose new optimization opportunities.  Note that we have

   to update dominator tree and SSA graph after such changes.

   The key to keeping the SSA graph update manageable is to duplicate

   the side effects occurring in BB so that those side effects still

   occur on the paths which bypass BB after redirecting edges.

   We accomplish this by creating duplicates of BB and arranging for

   the duplicates to unconditionally pass control to one specific

   successor of BB.  We then revector the incoming edges into BB to

   the appropriate duplicate of BB.

   BB and its duplicates will have assignments to the same set of

   SSA_NAMEs.  Right now, we just call into update_ssa to update the

   SSA graph for those names.

   We are also going to experiment with a true incremental update

   scheme for the duplicated resources.  One of the interesting

   properties we can exploit here is that all the resources set

   in BB will have the same IDFS, so we have one IDFS computation

   per block with incoming threaded edges, which can lower the

   cost of the true incremental update algorithm.  */

static bool

thread_block (basic_block bb)

{

  /* E is an incoming edge into BB that we may or may not want to

     redirect to a duplicate of BB.  */

  edge e;

  edge_iterator ei;

  struct local_info local_info;

  /* FOUND_BACKEDGE indicates that we found an incoming backedge

     into BB, in which case we may ignore certain jump threads

     to avoid creating irreducible regions.  */

  bool found_backedge = false;

  /* ALL indicates whether or not all incoming edges into BB should

     be threaded to a duplicate of BB.  */

  bool all = true;

  /* If optimizing for size, only thread this block if we don't have

     to duplicate it or it's an otherwise empty redirection block.  */

  if (optimize_size

      && EDGE_COUNT (bb->preds) > 1

      && !redirection_block_p (bb))

    {

      FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)

        e->aux = NULL;

      return false;

    }

  /* To avoid scanning a linear array for the element we need we instead

     use a hash table.  For normal code there should be no noticeable

     difference.  However, if we have a block with a large number of

     incoming and outgoing edges such linear searches can get expensive.  */

  redirection_data = htab_create (EDGE_COUNT (bb->succs),

                                  redirection_data_hash,

                                  redirection_data_eq,

                                  free);

  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)

    found_backedge |= ((e->flags & EDGE_DFS_BACK) != 0);

  /* If BB has incoming backedges, then threading across BB might

     introduce an irreducible region, which would be undesirable

     as that inhibits various optimizations later.  Prune away

     any jump threading requests which we know will result in

     an irreducible region.  */

  if (found_backedge)

    prune_undesirable_thread_requests (bb);

  /* Record each unique threaded destination into a hash table for

     efficient lookups.  */

  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)

    {

      if (!e->aux)

        {

          all = false;

        }

      else

        {

          edge e2 = e->aux;

          update_bb_profile_for_threading (e->dest, EDGE_FREQUENCY (e),

                                           e->count, e->aux);