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1 227 jeremybenn
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gdb-refcard.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
2
 
3
%This file is TeX source for a reference card describing GDB, the GNU debugger.
4
%Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008,
5
%2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6
%Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
7
%this reference provided the copyright notices and permission notices
8
%are preserved on all copies.
9
%
10
%TeX markup is a programming language; accordingly this file is source
11
%for a program to generate a reference.
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%
13
%This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
14
%it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
15
%the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
16
%any later version.
17
%
18
%This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
19
%WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20
%MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
21
%General Public License for more details.
22
%
23
%You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License at the URL
24
%http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html; or write to the Free Software
25
%Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
26
%Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
27
%You can contact the maintainer at:  doc@cygnus.com
28
%
29
%                                Documentation Department
30
%                                Cygnus Solutions
31
%                                1325 Chesapeake Terrace
32
%                                Sunnyvale, CA 94089  USA
33
%
34
%                                +1 800 CYGNUS-1
35
%
36
%
37
%
38
% 22-AUG-1993 Andreas Vogel
39
%
40
%   Modifications made in order to handle different papersizes correctly.
41
%   You only have to set the total width and height of the paper, the
42
%   horizontal and vertical margin space measured from *paper edge*
43
%   and the interline and interspec spacing.
44
%   In order to support a new papersize, you have to fiddle with the
45
%   latter four dimensions. Just try out a few values.
46
%   All other values will be computed at process time so it should be
47
%   quite easy to support different paper sizes - only four values to
48
%   guess :-)
49
%
50
%   To find the configuration places, just search for the string
51
%   "CONFIGURATION".
52
%
53
%   Andreas Vogel (av@ssw.de)
54
%
55
%
56
%
57
% Uncomment the following `magnification' command if you want to print
58
% out in a larger font.  Caution!  You may need larger paper.  You had
59
% best avoid using 3-column output if you try this.  See the ``Three
60
% column format'' section below if you want to print in three column
61
% format.
62
%
63
%\magnification=\magstep 1
64
%
65
% NOTE ON INTENTIONAL OMISSIONS: This reference card includes most GDB
66
% commands, but due to space constraints there are some things I chose
67
% to omit.  In general, not all synonyms for commands are covered, nor
68
% all variations of a command.
69
% The GDB-under-Emacs section omits gdb-mode functions without default
70
% keybindings.  GDB startup options are not described.
71
% set print sevenbit-strings, set symbol-reloading omitted.
72
% printsyms, printpsyms, omitted since they're for GDB maintenance primarily
73
% share omitted due to obsolescence
74
% set check range/type omitted at least til code is in GDB.
75
%
76
%-------------------- Three column format -----------------------
77
 
78
%%%% --- To disable three column format, comment out this entire section
79
 
80
% Three-column format for landscape printing
81
 
82
%-------- Papersize defs:
83
 
84
\newdimen\totalwidth \newdimen\totalheight
85
\newdimen\hmargin    \newdimen\vmargin
86
\newdimen\secskip    \newdimen\lskip
87
\newdimen\barwidth   \newdimen\barheight
88
\newdimen\intersecwidth
89
 
90
%%
91
%%  START CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS
92
%------- Papersize params:
93
%%  US letter paper (8.5x11in)
94
%%
95
\totalwidth=11in    % total width of paper
96
\totalheight=8.5in  % total height of paper
97
\hmargin=.25in      % horizontal margin width
98
\vmargin=.25in      % vertical margin width
99
\secskip=1pc        % space between refcard secs
100
\lskip=2pt          % extra skip between \sec entries
101
\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined\else   % check if we are using pdfTeX
102
  \pdfpagewidth=\totalwidth     % width of paper in pdf output
103
  \pdfpageheight=\totalheight   % height of paper in pdf output
104
\fi
105
%------- end papersize params
106
%%
107
%%  change according to personal taste, not papersize dependent
108
%%
109
\barwidth=.1pt       % width of the cropmark bar
110
\barheight=2pt       % height of the cropmark bar
111
\intersecwidth=0.5em % width between \itmwid and \dfnwid
112
%%
113
%%  END CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS
114
%%
115
 
116
%%
117
%%  values to be computed - nothing to configure
118
%%
119
\newdimen\fullhsize     % width of area without margins
120
\newdimen\itmwid        % width of item column
121
\newdimen\dfnwid        % width of definition column
122
\newdimen\temp          % only for temporary use
123
 
124
%%
125
%%  adjust the offsets so the margins are measured *from paper edge*
126
%%
127
\hoffset=-1in \advance \hoffset by \hmargin
128
\voffset=-1in \advance \voffset by \vmargin
129
 
130
%%
131
%%  fullhsize = totalwidth - (2 * hmargin)
132
%%
133
\fullhsize=\totalwidth
134
\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \fullhsize by -\temp
135
 
136
%%
137
%%  hsize = (fullhsize - (4 * hmargin) - (2 * barwidth)) / 3
138
%%
139
\hsize=\fullhsize
140
\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 4 \advance \hsize by -\temp
141
\temp=\barwidth \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \hsize by -\temp
142
\divide \hsize by 3
143
 
144
%%
145
%%  vsize = totalheight - (2 * vmargin)
146
%%
147
\vsize=\totalheight
148
\temp=\vmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \vsize by -\temp
149
 
150
%%
151
%%  itmwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 1/3
152
%%  dfnwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 2/3
153
%%
154
\temp=\hsize \advance \temp by -\intersecwidth \divide \temp by 3
155
\itmwid=\temp
156
\dfnwid=\hsize \advance \dfnwid by -\itmwid
157
 
158
%-------- end papersize defs
159
 
160
 
161
\def\fulline{\hbox to \fullhsize}
162
\let\lcr=L \newbox\leftcolumn\newbox\centercolumn
163
\output={\if L\lcr
164
            \global\setbox\leftcolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=C
165
         \else
166
            \if C\lcr
167
               \global\setbox\centercolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=R
168
            \else \tripleformat \global\let\lcr=L
169
            \fi
170
         \fi
171
%         \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi
172
      }
173
 
174
%%
175
%%  START CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVE FOLDING GUIDES
176
%%
177
%%  For NO printed folding guide,
178
%%  comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
179
 
180
%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil\hskip\barwidth plus1fil\hskip\hmargin plus1fil}
181
 
182
%%  For SOLID LINE folding guide,
183
%%  comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
184
 
185
%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil \vrule width \barwidth \hskip\hmargin plus1fil}
186
 
187
%%  For SMALL MARKS NEAR TOP AND BOTTOM as folding guide,
188
%%  comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
189
 
190
\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil
191
\vbox to \vsize{\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}\vfill
192
\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}}%THIS PERCENT SIGN IS ESSENTIAL
193
\hskip\hmargin plus1fil}
194
 
195
%%
196
%%  END CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVES FOR FOLDING GUIDES
197
%%
198
 
199
\def\tripleformat{\shipout\vbox{\fulline{\box\leftcolumn\vdecor
200
                                         \box\centercolumn\vdecor
201
                                         \columnbox}
202
                               }
203
                 \advancepageno}
204
\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
205
\def\bye{\par\vfill
206
         \supereject
207
         \if R\lcr \null\vfill\eject\fi
208
         \end}
209
 
210
%-------------------- end three column format -----------------------
211
 
212
%-------------------- Computer Modern font defs: --------------------
213
\font\bbf=cmbx10
214
\font\vbbf=cmbx12
215
\font\smrm=cmr6
216
\font\brm=cmr10
217
\font\rm=cmr7
218
\font\it=cmti7
219
\font\tt=cmtt8
220
%-------------------- end font defs ---------------------------------
221
 
222
%
223
\hyphenpenalty=5000\tolerance=2000\raggedright\raggedbottom
224
\normalbaselineskip=9pt\baselineskip=9pt
225
%
226
\parindent=0pt
227
\parskip=0pt
228
\footline={\vbox to0pt{\hss}}
229
%
230
\def\ctl#1{{\tt C-#1}}
231
\def\opt#1{{\brm[{\rm #1}]}}
232
\def\xtra#1{\noalign{\smallskip{\tt#1}}}
233
%
234
\long\def\sec#1;#2\endsec{\vskip \secskip
235
\halign{%
236
%COL 1 (of halign):
237
\vtop{\hsize=\itmwid\tt
238
##\par\vskip \lskip }\hfil
239
%COL 2 (of halign):
240
&\vtop{\hsize=\dfnwid\hangafter=1\hangindent=\intersecwidth
241
\rm ##\par\vskip \lskip}\cr
242
%Tail of \long\def fills in halign body with \sec args:
243
\noalign{{\bbf #1}\vskip \lskip}
244
#2
245
}
246
}
247
 
248
{\vbbf GDB QUICK REFERENCE}\hfil{\smrm GDB Version 5}\qquad
249
 
250
\sec Essential Commands;
251
gdb {\it program} \opt{{\it core}}&debug {\it program} \opt{using
252
coredump {\it core}}\cr
253
b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it function} \opt{in \it file}\cr
254
run \opt{{\it arglist}}&start your program \opt{with {\it arglist}}\cr
255
bt& backtrace: display program stack\cr
256
p {\it expr}&display the value of an expression\cr
257
c &continue running your program\cr
258
n &next line, stepping over function calls\cr
259
s &next line, stepping into function calls\cr
260
\endsec
261
 
262
\sec Starting GDB;
263
gdb&start GDB, with no debugging files\cr
264
gdb {\it program}&begin debugging {\it program}\cr
265
gdb {\it program core}&debug coredump {\it core} produced by {\it
266
program}\cr
267
gdb --help&describe command line options\cr
268
\endsec
269
 
270
\sec Stopping GDB;
271
quit&exit GDB; also {\tt q} or {\tt EOF} (eg \ctl{d})\cr
272
INTERRUPT&(eg \ctl{c}) terminate current command, or send to running process\cr
273
\endsec
274
 
275
\sec Getting Help;
276
help&list classes of commands\cr
277
help {\it class}&one-line descriptions for commands in {\it class}\cr
278
help {\it command}&describe {\it command}\cr
279
\endsec
280
 
281
\sec Executing your Program;
282
run {\it arglist}&start your program with {\it arglist}\cr
283
run&start your program with current argument list\cr
284
run $\ldots$ <{\it inf} >{\it outf}&start your program with input, output
285
redirected\cr
286
\cr
287
kill&kill running program\cr
288
\cr
289
tty {\it dev}&use {\it dev} as stdin and stdout for next {\tt run}\cr
290
set args {\it arglist}&specify {\it arglist} for next
291
{\tt run}\cr
292
set args&specify empty argument list\cr
293
show args&display argument list\cr
294
\cr
295
show env&show all environment variables\cr
296
show env {\it var}&show value of environment variable {\it var}\cr
297
set env {\it var} {\it string}&set environment variable {\it var}\cr
298
unset env {\it var}&remove {\it var} from environment\cr
299
\endsec
300
 
301
\sec Shell Commands;
302
cd {\it dir}&change working directory to {\it dir}\cr
303
pwd&Print working directory\cr
304
make $\ldots$&call ``{\tt make}''\cr
305
shell {\it cmd}&execute arbitrary shell command string\cr
306
\endsec
307
 
308
\vfill
309
\line{\smrm \opt{ } surround optional arguments \hfill $\ldots$ show
310
one or more arguments}
311
\vskip\baselineskip
312
\centerline{\smrm \copyright 1998, 2000, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\qquad Permissions on back}
313
\eject
314
\sec Breakpoints and Watchpoints;
315
break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}\par
316
b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&set breakpoint at {\it line} number \opt{in \it file}\par
317
eg:\quad{\tt break main.c:37}\quad\cr
318
break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it func}&set breakpoint at {\it
319
func} \opt{in \it file}\cr
320
break +{\it offset}\par
321
break -{\it offset}&set break at {\it offset} lines from current stop\cr
322
break *{\it addr}&set breakpoint at address {\it addr}\cr
323
break&set breakpoint at next instruction\cr
324
break $\ldots$ if {\it expr}&break conditionally on nonzero {\it expr}\cr
325
cond {\it n} \opt{\it expr}&new conditional expression on breakpoint
326
{\it n}; make unconditional if no {\it expr}\cr
327
tbreak $\ldots$&temporary break; disable when reached\cr
328
rbreak {\it regex}&break on all functions matching {\it regex}\cr
329
watch {\it expr}&set a watchpoint for expression {\it expr}\cr
330
catch {\it event}&break at {\it event}, which may be {\tt catch}, {\tt throw},
331
{\tt exec}, {\tt fork}, {\tt vfork}, {\tt load}, or {\tt unload}.\cr
332
\cr
333
info break&show defined breakpoints\cr
334
info watch&show defined watchpoints\cr
335
\cr
336
clear&delete breakpoints at next instruction\cr
337
clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&delete breakpoints at entry to {\it fun}()\cr
338
clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&delete breakpoints on source line \cr
339
delete \opt{{\it n}}&delete breakpoints
340
\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}\cr
341
\cr
342
disable \opt{{\it n}}&disable breakpoints
343
\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}
344
\cr
345
enable \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints
346
\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}
347
\cr
348
enable once \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}};
349
disable again when reached
350
\cr
351
enable del \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}};
352
delete when reached
353
\cr
354
\cr
355
ignore {\it n} {\it count}&ignore breakpoint {\it n}, {\it count}
356
times\cr
357
\cr
358
commands {\it n}\par
359
\qquad \opt{\tt silent}\par
360
\qquad {\it command-list}&execute GDB {\it command-list} every time breakpoint {\it n} is reached. \opt{{\tt silent} suppresses default
361
display}\cr
362
end&end of {\it command-list}\cr
363
\endsec
364
 
365
\sec Program Stack;
366
backtrace \opt{\it n}\par
367
bt \opt{\it n}&print trace of all frames in stack; or of {\it n}
368
frames---innermost if {\it n}{\tt >0}, outermost if {\it n}{\tt <0}\cr
369
frame \opt{\it n}&select frame number {\it n} or frame at address {\it
370
n}; if no {\it n}, display current frame\cr
371
up {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames up\cr
372
down {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames down\cr
373
info frame \opt{\it addr}&describe selected frame, or frame at
374
{\it addr}\cr
375
info args&arguments of selected frame\cr
376
info locals&local variables of selected frame\cr
377
info reg \opt{\it rn}$\ldots$\par
378
info all-reg \opt{\it rn}&register values \opt{for regs {\it rn\/}} in
379
selected frame; {\tt all-reg} includes floating point\cr
380
\endsec
381
 
382
\vfill\eject
383
\sec Execution Control;
384
continue \opt{\it count}\par
385
c \opt{\it count}&continue running; if {\it count} specified, ignore
386
this breakpoint next {\it count} times\cr
387
\cr
388
step \opt{\it count}\par
389
s \opt{\it count}&execute until another line reached; repeat {\it count} times if
390
specified\cr
391
stepi \opt{\it count}\par
392
si \opt{\it count}&step by machine instructions rather than source
393
lines\cr
394
\cr
395
next \opt{\it count}\par
396
n \opt{\it count}&execute next line, including any function calls\cr
397
nexti \opt{\it count}\par
398
ni \opt{\it count}&next machine instruction rather than source
399
line\cr
400
\cr
401
until \opt{\it location}&run until next instruction (or {\it
402
location})\cr
403
finish&run until selected stack frame returns\cr
404
return \opt{\it expr}&pop selected stack frame without executing
405
\opt{setting return value}\cr
406
signal {\it num}&resume execution with signal {\it s} (none if {\tt 0})\cr
407
jump {\it line}\par
408
jump *{\it address}&resume execution at specified {\it line} number or
409
{\it address}\cr
410
set var={\it expr}&evaluate {\it expr} without displaying it; use for
411
altering program variables\cr
412
\endsec
413
 
414
\sec Display;
415
print \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}\par
416
p \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} \opt{or
417
last value \tt \$} according to format {\it f}:\cr
418
\qquad x&hexadecimal\cr
419
\qquad d&signed decimal\cr
420
\qquad u&unsigned decimal\cr
421
\qquad o&octal\cr
422
\qquad t&binary\cr
423
\qquad a&address, absolute and relative\cr
424
\qquad c&character\cr
425
\qquad f&floating point\cr
426
call \opt{\tt /{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&like {\tt print} but does not display
427
{\tt void}\cr
428
x \opt{\tt/{\it Nuf}\/} {\it expr}&examine memory at address {\it expr};
429
optional format spec follows slash\cr
430
\quad {\it N}&count of how many units to display\cr
431
\quad {\it u}&unit size; one of\cr
432
&{\tt\qquad b}\ individual bytes\cr
433
&{\tt\qquad h}\ halfwords (two bytes)\cr
434
&{\tt\qquad w}\ words (four bytes)\cr
435
&{\tt\qquad g}\ giant words (eight bytes)\cr
436
\quad {\it f}&printing format.  Any {\tt print} format, or\cr
437
&{\tt\qquad s}\ null-terminated string\cr
438
&{\tt\qquad i}\ machine instructions\cr
439
disassem \opt{\it addr}&display memory as machine instructions\cr
440
\endsec
441
 
442
\sec Automatic Display;
443
display \opt{\tt/\it f\/} {\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} each time
444
program stops \opt{according to format {\it f}\/}\cr
445
display&display all enabled expressions on list\cr
446
undisplay {\it n}&remove number(s) {\it n} from list of
447
automatically displayed expressions\cr
448
disable disp {\it n}&disable display for expression(s) number {\it
449
n}\cr
450
enable disp {\it n}&enable display for expression(s) number {\it
451
n}\cr
452
info display&numbered list of display expressions\cr
453
\endsec
454
 
455
\vfill\eject
456
 
457
\sec Expressions;
458
{\it expr}&an expression in C, C++, or Modula-2 (including function calls), or:\cr
459
{\it addr\/}@{\it len}&an array of {\it len} elements beginning at {\it
460
addr}\cr
461
{\it file}::{\it nm}&a variable or function {\it nm} defined in {\it
462
file}\cr
463
$\tt\{${\it type}$\tt\}${\it addr}&read memory at {\it addr} as specified
464
{\it type}\cr
465
\$&most recent displayed value\cr
466
\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value\cr
467
\$\$&displayed value previous to \$\cr
468
\$\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value back from \$\cr
469
\$\_&last address examined with {\tt x}\cr
470
\$\_\_&value at address \$\_\cr
471
\${\it var}&convenience variable; assign any value\cr
472
\cr
473
show values \opt{{\it n}}&show last 10 values \opt{or surrounding
474
\${\it n}}\cr
475
show conv&display all convenience variables\cr
476
\endsec
477
 
478
\sec Symbol Table;
479
info address {\it s}&show where symbol {\it s} is stored\cr
480
info func \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of defined functions
481
(all, or matching {\it regex})\cr
482
info var \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of global variables (all,
483
or matching {\it regex})\cr
484
whatis \opt{\it expr}\par
485
ptype \opt{\it expr}&show data type of {\it expr} \opt{or \tt \$}
486
without evaluating; {\tt ptype} gives more detail\cr
487
ptype {\it type}&describe type, struct, union, or enum\cr
488
\endsec
489
 
490
\sec GDB Scripts;
491
source {\it script}&read, execute GDB commands from file {\it
492
script}\cr
493
\cr
494
define {\it cmd}\par
495
\qquad {\it command-list}&create new GDB command {\it cmd};
496
execute script defined by {\it command-list}\cr
497
end&end of {\it command-list}\cr
498
document {\it cmd}\par
499
\qquad {\it help-text}&create online documentation
500
for new GDB command {\it cmd}\cr
501
end&end of {\it help-text}\cr
502
\endsec
503
 
504
\sec Signals;
505
handle {\it signal} {\it act}&specify GDB actions for {\it signal}:\cr
506
\quad print&announce signal\cr
507
\quad noprint&be silent for signal\cr
508
\quad stop&halt execution on signal\cr
509
\quad nostop&do not halt execution\cr
510
\quad pass&allow your program to handle signal\cr
511
\quad nopass&do not allow your program to see signal\cr
512
info signals&show table of signals, GDB action for each\cr
513
\endsec
514
 
515
\sec Debugging Targets;
516
target {\it type} {\it param}&connect to target machine, process, or file\cr
517
help target&display available targets\cr
518
attach {\it param}&connect to another process\cr
519
detach&release target from GDB control\cr
520
\endsec
521
 
522
\vfill\eject
523
\sec Controlling GDB;
524
set {\it param} {\it value}&set one of GDB's internal parameters\cr
525
show {\it param}&display current setting of parameter\cr
526
\xtra{\rm Parameters understood by {\tt set} and {\tt show}:}
527
\quad complaint {\it limit}&number of messages on unusual symbols\cr
528
\quad confirm {\it on/off}&enable or disable cautionary queries\cr
529
\quad editing {\it on/off}&control {\tt readline} command-line editing\cr
530
\quad height {\it lpp}&number of lines before pause in display\cr
531
\quad language {\it lang}&Language for GDB expressions ({\tt auto}, {\tt c} or
532
{\tt modula-2})\cr
533
\quad listsize {\it n}&number of lines shown by {\tt list}\cr
534
\quad prompt {\it str}&use {\it str} as GDB prompt\cr
535
\quad radix {\it base}&octal, decimal, or hex number representation\cr
536
\quad verbose {\it on/off}&control messages when loading
537
symbols\cr
538
\quad width {\it cpl}&number of characters before line folded\cr
539
\quad write {\it on/off}&Allow or forbid patching binary, core files
540
(when reopened with {\tt exec} or {\tt core})
541
\cr
542
\quad history $\ldots$\par
543
\quad h $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr
544
\quad h exp {\it off/on}&disable/enable {\tt readline} history expansion\cr
545
\quad h file {\it filename}&file for recording GDB command history\cr
546
\quad h size {\it size}&number of commands kept in history list\cr
547
\quad h save {\it off/on}&control use of external file for
548
command history\cr
549
\cr
550
\quad print $\ldots$\par
551
\quad p $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr
552
\quad p address {\it on/off}&print memory addresses in stacks,
553
values\cr
554
\quad p  array {\it off/on}&compact or attractive format for
555
arrays\cr
556
\quad p demangl {\it on/off}&source (demangled) or internal form for C++
557
symbols\cr
558
\quad p asm-dem {\it on/off}&demangle C++ symbols in
559
machine-instruction output\cr
560
\quad p elements {\it limit}&number of array elements to display\cr
561
\quad p object {\it on/off}&print C++ derived types for objects\cr
562
\quad p pretty {\it off/on}&struct display: compact or indented\cr
563
\quad p union {\it on/off}&display of union members\cr
564
\quad p vtbl {\it off/on}&display of C++ virtual function
565
tables\cr
566
\cr
567
show commands&show last 10 commands\cr
568
show commands {\it n}&show 10 commands around number {\it n}\cr
569
show commands +&show next 10 commands\cr
570
\endsec
571
 
572
\sec Working Files;
573
file \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} for both symbols and executable;
574
with no arg, discard both\cr
575
core \opt{\it file}&read {\it file} as coredump; or discard\cr
576
exec \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} as executable only; or discard\cr
577
symbol \opt{\it file}&use symbol table from {\it file}; or discard\cr
578
load {\it file}&dynamically link {\it file\/} and add its symbols\cr
579
add-sym {\it file} {\it addr}&read additional symbols from {\it file},
580
dynamically loaded at {\it addr}\cr
581
info files&display working files and targets in use\cr
582
path {\it dirs}&add {\it dirs} to front of path searched for
583
executable and symbol files\cr
584
show path&display executable and symbol file path\cr
585
info share&list names of shared libraries currently loaded\cr
586
\endsec
587
 
588
\vfill\eject
589
\sec Source Files;
590
dir {\it names}&add directory {\it names} to front of source path\cr
591
dir&clear source path\cr
592
show dir&show current source path\cr
593
\cr
594
list&show next ten lines of source\cr
595
list -&show previous ten lines\cr
596
list {\it lines}&display source surrounding {\it lines},
597
specified as:\cr
598
\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it num}&line number \opt{in named file}\cr
599
\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it function}&beginning of function \opt{in
600
named file}\cr
601
\quad{\tt +\it off}&{\it off} lines after last printed\cr
602
\quad{\tt -\it off}&{\it off} lines previous to last printed\cr
603
\quad{\tt*\it address}&line containing {\it address}\cr
604
list {\it f},{\it l}&from line {\it f} to line {\it l}\cr
605
info line {\it num}&show starting, ending addresses of compiled code for
606
source line {\it num}\cr
607
info source&show name of current source file\cr
608
info sources&list all source files in use\cr
609
forw {\it regex}&search following source lines for {\it regex}\cr
610
rev {\it regex}&search preceding source lines for {\it regex}\cr
611
\endsec
612
 
613
\sec GDB under GNU Emacs;
614
M-x gdb&run GDB under Emacs\cr
615
\ctl{h} m&describe GDB mode\cr
616
M-s&step one line ({\tt step})\cr
617
M-n&next line ({\tt next})\cr
618
M-i&step one instruction ({\tt stepi})\cr
619
\ctl{c} \ctl{f}&finish current stack frame ({\tt finish})\cr
620
M-c&continue ({\tt cont})\cr
621
M-u&up {\it arg} frames ({\tt up})\cr
622
M-d&down {\it arg} frames ({\tt down})\cr
623
\ctl{x} \&&copy number from point, insert at end\cr
624
\ctl{x} SPC&(in source file) set break at point\cr
625
\endsec
626
 
627
\sec GDB License;
628
show copying&Display GNU General Public License\cr
629
show warranty&There is NO WARRANTY for GDB.  Display full no-warranty
630
statement.\cr
631
\endsec
632
 
633
 
634
\vfill
635
{\smrm\parskip=6pt
636
Copyright \copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
637
Author: Roland H. Pesch
638
 
639
The author assumes no responsibility for any errors on this card.
640
 
641
This card may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU
642
General Public License.
643
 
644
Please contribute to development of this card by
645
annotating it.  Improvements can be sent to bug-gdb@gnu.org.
646
 
647
GDB itself is free software; you are welcome to distribute copies of
648
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.  There is
649
absolutely no warranty for GDB.
650
}
651
\end

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