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@c Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

@c This is part of the GCC manual.

@c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi.

@c Contributed by Aldy Hernandez <aldy@quesejoda.com>

@node Libgcc

@chapter The GCC low-level runtime library

GCC provides a low-level runtime library, @file{libgcc.a} or

@file{libgcc_s.so.1} on some platforms.  GCC generates calls to

routines in this library automatically, whenever it needs to perform

some operation that is too complicated to emit inline code for.

Most of the routines in @code{libgcc} handle arithmetic operations

that the target processor cannot perform directly.  This includes

integer multiply and divide on some machines, and all floating-point

operations on other machines.  @code{libgcc} also includes routines

for exception handling, and a handful of miscellaneous operations.

Some of these routines can be defined in mostly machine-independent C@.

Others must be hand-written in assembly language for each processor

that needs them.

GCC will also generate calls to C library routines, such as

@code{memcpy} and @code{memset}, in some cases.  The set of routines

that GCC may possibly use is documented in @ref{Other

Builtins,,,gcc, Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)}.

These routines take arguments and return values of a specific machine

mode, not a specific C type.  @xref{Machine Modes}, for an explanation

of this concept.  For illustrative purposes, in this chapter the

floating point type @code{float} is assumed to correspond to @code{SFmode};

@code{double} to @code{DFmode}; and @code{@w{long double}} to both

@code{TFmode} and @code{XFmode}.  Similarly, the integer types @code{int}

and @code{@w{unsigned int}} correspond to @code{SImode}; @code{long} and

@code{@w{unsigned long}} to @code{DImode}; and @code{@w{long long}} and

@code{@w{unsigned long long}} to @code{TImode}.

@menu

* Integer library routines::

* Soft float library routines::

* Decimal float library routines::

* Exception handling routines::

* Miscellaneous routines::

@end menu

@node Integer library routines

@section Routines for integer arithmetic

The integer arithmetic routines are used on platforms that don't provide

hardware support for arithmetic operations on some modes.

@subsection Arithmetic functions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __ashlsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __ashldi3 (long @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __ashlti3 (long long @var{a}, int @var{b})

These functions return the result of shifting @var{a} left by @var{b} bits.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __ashrsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __ashrdi3 (long @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __ashrti3 (long long @var{a}, int @var{b})

These functions return the result of arithmetically shifting @var{a} right

by @var{b} bits.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __divsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __divdi3 (long @var{a}, long @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __divti3 (long long @var{a}, long long @var{b})

These functions return the quotient of the signed division of @var{a} and

@var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __lshrsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __lshrdi3 (long @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __lshrti3 (long long @var{a}, int @var{b})

These functions return the result of logically shifting @var{a} right by

@var{b} bits.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __modsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __moddi3 (long @var{a}, long @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __modti3 (long long @var{a}, long long @var{b})

These functions return the remainder of the signed division of @var{a}

and @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __mulsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __muldi3 (long @var{a}, long @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __multi3 (long long @var{a}, long long @var{b})

These functions return the product of @var{a} and @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} long __negdi2 (long @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __negti2 (long long @var{a})

These functions return the negation of @var{a}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __udivsi3 (unsigned int @var{a}, unsigned int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __udivdi3 (unsigned long @var{a}, unsigned long @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long long} __udivti3 (unsigned long long @var{a}, unsigned long long @var{b})

These functions return the quotient of the unsigned division of @var{a}

and @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __udivmoddi3 (unsigned long @var{a}, unsigned long @var{b}, unsigned long *@var{c})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long long} __udivti3 (unsigned long long @var{a}, unsigned long long @var{b}, unsigned long long *@var{c})

These functions calculate both the quotient and remainder of the unsigned

division of @var{a} and @var{b}.  The return value is the quotient, and

the remainder is placed in variable pointed to by @var{c}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __umodsi3 (unsigned int @var{a}, unsigned int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __umoddi3 (unsigned long @var{a}, unsigned long @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long long} __umodti3 (unsigned long long @var{a}, unsigned long long @var{b})

These functions return the remainder of the unsigned division of @var{a}

and @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@subsection Comparison functions

The following functions implement integral comparisons.  These functions

implement a low-level compare, upon which the higher level comparison

operators (such as less than and greater than or equal to) can be

constructed.  The returned values lie in the range zero to two, to allow

the high-level operators to be implemented by testing the returned

result using either signed or unsigned comparison.

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __cmpdi2 (long @var{a}, long @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __cmpti2 (long long @var{a}, long long @var{b})

These functions perform a signed comparison of @var{a} and @var{b}.  If

@var{a} is less than @var{b}, they return 0; if @var{a} is greater than

@var{b}, they return 2; and if @var{a} and @var{b} are equal they return 1.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __ucmpdi2 (unsigned long @var{a}, unsigned long @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __ucmpti2 (unsigned long long @var{a}, unsigned long long @var{b})

These functions perform an unsigned comparison of @var{a} and @var{b}.

If @var{a} is less than @var{b}, they return 0; if @var{a} is greater than

@var{b}, they return 2; and if @var{a} and @var{b} are equal they return 1.

@end deftypefn

@subsection Trapping arithmetic functions

The following functions implement trapping arithmetic.  These functions

call the libc function @code{abort} upon signed arithmetic overflow.

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __absvsi2 (int @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __absvdi2 (long @var{a})

These functions return the absolute value of @var{a}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __addvsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __addvdi3 (long @var{a}, long @var{b})

These functions return the sum of @var{a} and @var{b}; that is

@code{@var{a} + @var{b}}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __mulvsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __mulvdi3 (long @var{a}, long @var{b})

The functions return the product of @var{a} and @var{b}; that is

@code{@var{a} * @var{b}}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __negvsi2 (int @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __negvdi2 (long @var{a})

These functions return the negation of @var{a}; that is @code{-@var{a}}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __subvsi3 (int @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __subvdi3 (long @var{a}, long @var{b})

These functions return the difference between @var{b} and @var{a};

that is @code{@var{a} - @var{b}}.

@end deftypefn

@subsection Bit operations

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __clzsi2 (int @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __clzdi2 (long @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __clzti2 (long long @var{a})

These functions return the number of leading 0-bits in @var{a}, starting

at the most significant bit position.  If @var{a} is zero, the result is

undefined.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __ctzsi2 (int @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __ctzdi2 (long @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __ctzti2 (long long @var{a})

These functions return the number of trailing 0-bits in @var{a}, starting

at the least significant bit position.  If @var{a} is zero, the result is

undefined.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __ffsdi2 (long @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __ffsti2 (long long @var{a})

These functions return the index of the least significant 1-bit in @var{a},

or the value zero if @var{a} is zero.  The least significant bit is index

one.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __paritysi2 (int @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __paritydi2 (long @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __parityti2 (long long @var{a})

These functions return the value zero if the number of bits set in

@var{a} is even, and the value one otherwise.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __popcountsi2 (int @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __popcountdi2 (long @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __popcountti2 (long long @var{a})

These functions return the number of bits set in @var{a}.

@end deftypefn

@node Soft float library routines

@section Routines for floating point emulation

@cindex soft float library

@cindex arithmetic library

@cindex math library

@opindex msoft-float

The software floating point library is used on machines which do not

have hardware support for floating point.  It is also used whenever

@option{-msoft-float} is used to disable generation of floating point

instructions.  (Not all targets support this switch.)

For compatibility with other compilers, the floating point emulation

routines can be renamed with the @code{DECLARE_LIBRARY_RENAMES} macro

(@pxref{Library Calls}).  In this section, the default names are used.

Presently the library does not support @code{XFmode}, which is used

for @code{long double} on some architectures.

@subsection Arithmetic functions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __addsf3 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __adddf3 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __addtf3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __addxf3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return the sum of @var{a} and @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __subsf3 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __subdf3 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __subtf3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __subxf3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return the difference between @var{b} and @var{a};

that is, @w{@math{@var{a} - @var{b}}}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __mulsf3 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __muldf3 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __multf3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __mulxf3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return the product of @var{a} and @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __divsf3 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __divdf3 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __divtf3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __divxf3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return the quotient of @var{a} and @var{b}; that is,

@w{@math{@var{a} / @var{b}}}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __negsf2 (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __negdf2 (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __negtf2 (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __negxf2 (long double @var{a})

These functions return the negation of @var{a}.  They simply flip the

sign bit, so they can produce negative zero and negative NaN@.

@end deftypefn

@subsection Conversion functions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} double __extendsfdf2 (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __extendsftf2 (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __extendsfxf2 (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __extenddftf2 (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __extenddfxf2 (double @var{a})

These functions extend @var{a} to the wider mode of their return

type.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} double __truncxfdf2 (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __trunctfdf2 (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} float __truncxfsf2 (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} float __trunctfsf2 (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} float __truncdfsf2 (double @var{a})

These functions truncate @var{a} to the narrower mode of their return

type, rounding toward zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __fixsfsi (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __fixdfsi (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __fixtfsi (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __fixxfsi (long double @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to a signed integer, rounding toward zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} long __fixsfdi (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __fixdfdi (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __fixtfdi (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __fixxfdi (long double @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to a signed long, rounding toward zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {long long} __fixsfti (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __fixdfti (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __fixtfti (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long long} __fixxfti (long double @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to a signed long long, rounding toward zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __fixunssfsi (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __fixunsdfsi (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __fixunstfsi (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __fixunsxfsi (long double @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to an unsigned integer, rounding

toward zero.  Negative values all become zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __fixunssfdi (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __fixunsdfdi (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __fixunstfdi (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __fixunsxfdi (long double @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to an unsigned long, rounding

toward zero.  Negative values all become zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {unsigned long long} __fixunssfti (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long long} __fixunsdfti (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long long} __fixunstfti (long double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long long} __fixunsxfti (long double @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to an unsigned long long, rounding

toward zero.  Negative values all become zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __floatsisf (int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __floatsidf (int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatsitf (int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatsixf (int @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, a signed integer, to floating point.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __floatdisf (long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __floatdidf (long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatditf (long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatdixf (long @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, a signed long, to floating point.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __floattisf (long long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __floattidf (long long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floattitf (long long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floattixf (long long @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, a signed long long, to floating point.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __floatunsisf (unsigned int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __floatunsidf (unsigned int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatunsitf (unsigned int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatunsixf (unsigned int @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, an unsigned integer, to floating point.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __floatundisf (unsigned long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __floatundidf (unsigned long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatunditf (unsigned long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatundixf (unsigned long @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, an unsigned long, to floating point.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __floatuntisf (unsigned long long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __floatuntidf (unsigned long long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatuntitf (unsigned long long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __floatuntixf (unsigned long long @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, an unsigned long long, to floating point.

@end deftypefn

@subsection Comparison functions

There are two sets of basic comparison functions.

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __cmpsf2 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __cmpdf2 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __cmptf2 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions calculate @math{a <=> b}.  That is, if @var{a} is less

than @var{b}, they return @minus{}1; if @var{a} is greater than @var{b}, they

return 1; and if @var{a} and @var{b} are equal they return 0.  If

either argument is NaN they return 1, but you should not rely on this;

if NaN is a possibility, use one of the higher-level comparison

functions.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __unordsf2 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __unorddf2 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __unordtf2 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return a nonzero value if either argument is NaN, otherwise 0.

@end deftypefn

There is also a complete group of higher level functions which

correspond directly to comparison operators.  They implement the ISO C

semantics for floating-point comparisons, taking NaN into account.

Pay careful attention to the return values defined for each set.

Under the hood, all of these routines are implemented as

@smallexample

  if (__unord@var{X}f2 (a, b))

    return @var{E};

  return __cmp@var{X}f2 (a, b);

@end smallexample

@noindent

where @var{E} is a constant chosen to give the proper behavior for

NaN@.  Thus, the meaning of the return value is different for each set.

Do not rely on this implementation; only the semantics documented

below are guaranteed.

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __eqsf2 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __eqdf2 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __eqtf2 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return zero if neither argument is NaN, and @var{a} and

@var{b} are equal.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __nesf2 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __nedf2 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __netf2 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return a nonzero value if either argument is NaN, or

if @var{a} and @var{b} are unequal.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __gesf2 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __gedf2 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __getf2 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return a value greater than or equal to zero if

neither argument is NaN, and @var{a} is greater than or equal to

@var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __ltsf2 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __ltdf2 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __lttf2 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return a value less than zero if neither argument is

NaN, and @var{a} is strictly less than @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __lesf2 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __ledf2 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __letf2 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return a value less than or equal to zero if neither

argument is NaN, and @var{a} is less than or equal to @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __gtsf2 (float @var{a}, float @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __gtdf2 (double @var{a}, double @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __gttf2 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b})

These functions return a value greater than zero if neither argument

is NaN, and @var{a} is strictly greater than @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@subsection Other floating-point functions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} float __powisf2 (float @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __powidf2 (double @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __powitf2 (long double @var{a}, int @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __powixf2 (long double @var{a}, int @var{b})

These functions convert raise @var{a} to the power @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {complex float} __mulsc3 (float @var{a}, float @var{b}, float @var{c}, float @var{d})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {complex double} __muldc3 (double @var{a}, double @var{b}, double @var{c}, double @var{d})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {complex long double} __multc3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b}, long double @var{c}, long double @var{d})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {complex long double} __mulxc3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b}, long double @var{c}, long double @var{d})

These functions return the product of @math{@var{a} + i@var{b}} and

@math{@var{c} + i@var{d}}, following the rules of C99 Annex G@.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {complex float} __divsc3 (float @var{a}, float @var{b}, float @var{c}, float @var{d})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {complex double} __divdc3 (double @var{a}, double @var{b}, double @var{c}, double @var{d})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {complex long double} __divtc3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b}, long double @var{c}, long double @var{d})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {complex long double} __divxc3 (long double @var{a}, long double @var{b}, long double @var{c}, long double @var{d})

These functions return the quotient of @math{@var{a} + i@var{b}} and

@math{@var{c} + i@var{d}} (i.e., @math{(@var{a} + i@var{b}) / (@var{c}

+ i@var{d})}), following the rules of C99 Annex G@.

@end deftypefn

@node Decimal float library routines

@section Routines for decimal floating point emulation

@cindex decimal float library

@cindex IEEE-754R

The software decimal floating point library implements IEEE 754R

decimal floating point arithmetic and is only activated on selected

targets.

@subsection Arithmetic functions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __addsd3 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __adddd3 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __addtd3 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return the sum of @var{a} and @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __subsd3 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __subdd3 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __subtd3 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return the difference between @var{b} and @var{a};

that is, @w{@math{@var{a} - @var{b}}}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __mulsd3 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __muldd3 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __multd3 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return the product of @var{a} and @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __divsd3 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __divdd3 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __divtd3 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return the quotient of @var{a} and @var{b}; that is,

@w{@math{@var{a} / @var{b}}}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __negsd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __negdd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __negtd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a})

These functions return the negation of @var{a}.  They simply flip the

sign bit, so they can produce negative zero and negative NaN@.

@end deftypefn

@subsection Conversion functions

@c DFP/DFP conversions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __extendsddd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __extendsdtd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __extendddtd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@c DFP/binary FP conversions

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __extendsfsd (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __extendsddf (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __extendsdxf (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __extendsfdd (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __extenddfdd (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __extendddxf (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __extendsftd (float @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __extenddftd (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __extendxftd ({long double} @var{a})

These functions extend @var{a} to the wider mode of their return type.

@end deftypefn

@c DFP/DFP conversions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __truncddsd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __trunctdsd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __trunctddd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a})

@c DFP/binary FP conversions

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} float __truncsdsf (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __truncdfsd (double @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __truncxfsd ({long double} @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} float __truncddsf (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __truncdddf (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __truncxfdd ({long double} @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} float __trunctdsf (_Decimal128 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} double __trunctddf (_Decimal128 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {long double} __trunctdxf (_Decimal128 @var{a})

These functions truncate @var{a} to the narrower mode of their return

type.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __fixsdsi (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __fixddsi (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __fixtdsi (_Decimal128 @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to a signed integer.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} long __fixsddi (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __fixdddi (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} long __fixtddi (_Decimal128 @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to a signed long.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __fixunssdsi (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __fixunsddsi (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned int} __fixunstdsi (_Decimal128 @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to an unsigned integer.  Negative values all become zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __fixunssddi (_Decimal32 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __fixunsdddi (_Decimal64 @var{a})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} {unsigned long} __fixunstddi (_Decimal128 @var{a})

These functions convert @var{a} to an unsigned long.  Negative values

all become zero.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __floatsisd (int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __floatsidd (int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __floatsitd (int @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, a signed integer, to decimal floating point.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __floatdisd (long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __floatdidd (long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __floatditd (long @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, a signed long, to decimal floating point.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __floatunssisd (unsigned int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __floatunssidd (unsigned int @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __floatunssitd (unsigned int @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, an unsigned integer, to decimal floating point.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} _Decimal32 __floatunsdisd (unsigned long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal64 __floatunsdidd (unsigned long @var{i})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} _Decimal128 __floatunsditd (unsigned long @var{i})

These functions convert @var{i}, an unsigned long, to decimal floating point.

@end deftypefn

@subsection Comparison functions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __unordsd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __unorddd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __unordtd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return a nonzero value if either argument is NaN, otherwise 0.

@end deftypefn

There is also a complete group of higher level functions which

correspond directly to comparison operators.  They implement the ISO C

semantics for floating-point comparisons, taking NaN into account.

Pay careful attention to the return values defined for each set.

Under the hood, all of these routines are implemented as

@smallexample

  if (__unord@var{X}d2 (a, b))

    return @var{E};

  return __cmp@var{X}d2 (a, b);

@end smallexample

@noindent

where @var{E} is a constant chosen to give the proper behavior for

NaN@.  Thus, the meaning of the return value is different for each set.

Do not rely on this implementation; only the semantics documented

below are guaranteed.

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __eqsd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __eqdd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __eqtd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return zero if neither argument is NaN, and @var{a} and

@var{b} are equal.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __nesd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __nedd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __netd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return a nonzero value if either argument is NaN, or

if @var{a} and @var{b} are unequal.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __gesd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __gedd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __getd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return a value greater than or equal to zero if

neither argument is NaN, and @var{a} is greater than or equal to

@var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __ltsd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __ltdd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __lttd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return a value less than zero if neither argument is

NaN, and @var{a} is strictly less than @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __lesd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __ledd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __letd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return a value less than or equal to zero if neither

argument is NaN, and @var{a} is less than or equal to @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} int __gtsd2 (_Decimal32 @var{a}, _Decimal32 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __gtdd2 (_Decimal64 @var{a}, _Decimal64 @var{b})

@deftypefnx {Runtime Function} int __gttd2 (_Decimal128 @var{a}, _Decimal128 @var{b})

These functions return a value greater than zero if neither argument

is NaN, and @var{a} is strictly greater than @var{b}.

@end deftypefn

@node Exception handling routines

@section Language-independent routines for exception handling

document me!

@smallexample

  _Unwind_DeleteException

  _Unwind_Find_FDE

  _Unwind_ForcedUnwind

  _Unwind_GetGR

  _Unwind_GetIP

  _Unwind_GetLanguageSpecificData

  _Unwind_GetRegionStart

  _Unwind_GetTextRelBase

  _Unwind_GetDataRelBase

  _Unwind_RaiseException

  _Unwind_Resume

  _Unwind_SetGR

  _Unwind_SetIP

  _Unwind_FindEnclosingFunction

  _Unwind_SjLj_Register

  _Unwind_SjLj_Unregister

  _Unwind_SjLj_RaiseException

  _Unwind_SjLj_ForcedUnwind

  _Unwind_SjLj_Resume

  __deregister_frame

  __deregister_frame_info

  __deregister_frame_info_bases

  __register_frame

  __register_frame_info

  __register_frame_info_bases

  __register_frame_info_table

  __register_frame_info_table_bases

  __register_frame_table

@end smallexample

@node Miscellaneous routines

@section Miscellaneous runtime library routines

@subsection Cache control functions

@deftypefn {Runtime Function} void __clear_cache (char *@var{beg}, char *@var{end})

This function clears the instruction cache between @var{beg} and @var{end}.

@end deftypefn