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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "GPL 7"
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.TH GPL 7 "2010-07-31" "gcc-4.5.1" "GNU"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.SH "NAME"
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gpl \- GNU General Public License
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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.Sh "\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License"
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.IX Subsection "GNU General Public License"
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.Sh "Version 3, 29 June 2007"
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.IX Subsection "Version 3, 29 June 2007"
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\&        Copyright (c) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
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\&
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\&        Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.Ve
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.IX Subsection "Preamble"
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The \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
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applies also to any other work released this way by its authors.  You
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
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To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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.IX Subsection "TERMS AND CONDITIONS"
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.IP "0. Definitions." 4
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.IX Item "0. Definitions."
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\&\*(L"This License\*(R" refers to version 3 of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License.
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A \*(L"covered work\*(R" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
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.IP "2. Basic Permissions." 4
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.IX Item "2. Basic Permissions."
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All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
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You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
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by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
483
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
484
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
485
been installed in \s-1ROM\s0).
486
.Sp
487
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
488
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or
489
updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the
490
recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or
491
installed.  Access to a network may be denied when the modification
492
itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network
493
or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
494
network.
495
.Sp
496
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
497
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
498
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
499
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
500
unpacking, reading or copying.
501
.RE
502
.IP "7. Additional Terms." 4
503
.IX Item "7. Additional Terms."
504
\&\*(L"Additional permissions\*(R" are terms that supplement the terms of this
505
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
506
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
507
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
508
that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
509
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
510
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
511
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
512
.Sp
513
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
514
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
515
it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
516
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
517
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
518
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
519
.Sp
520
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
521
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
522
of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
523
.RS 4
524
.IP "a." 4
525
.IX Item "a."
526
Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
527
of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
528
.IP "b." 4
529
.IX Item "b."
530
Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
531
attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
532
displayed by works containing it; or
533
.IP "c." 4
534
.IX Item "c."
535
Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
536
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
537
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
538
.IP "d." 4
539
.IX Item "d."
540
Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
541
authors of the material; or
542
.IP "e." 4
543
.IX Item "e."
544
Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
545
names, trademarks, or service marks; or
546
.IP "f." 4
547
.IX Item "f."
548
Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
549
anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
550
contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
551
liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
552
licensors and authors.
553
.RE
554
.RS 4
555
.Sp
556
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered \*(L"further
557
restrictions\*(R" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
558
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
559
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
560
restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
561
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
562
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
563
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
564
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
565
.Sp
566
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
567
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
568
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
569
where to find the applicable terms.
570
.Sp
571
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
572
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the
573
above requirements apply either way.
574
.RE
575
.IP "8. Termination." 4
576
.IX Item "8. Termination."
577
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
578
provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
579
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
580
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
581
paragraph of section 11).
582
.Sp
583
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
584
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
585
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
586
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
587
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
588
60 days after the cessation.
589
.Sp
590
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
591
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
592
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
593
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
594
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
595
your receipt of the notice.
596
.Sp
597
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
598
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
599
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
600
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
601
material under section 10.
602
.IP "9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies." 4
603
.IX Item "9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies."
604
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
605
a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
606
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
607
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
608
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
609
modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
610
not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
611
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
612
.IP "10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients." 4
613
.IX Item "10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients."
614
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
615
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
616
propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
617
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
618
.Sp
619
An \*(L"entity transaction\*(R" is a transaction transferring control of an
620
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
621
organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
622
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
623
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
624
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
625
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
626
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
627
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
628
.Sp
629
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
630
rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
631
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
632
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
633
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
634
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
635
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
636
.IP "11. Patents." 4
637
.IX Item "11. Patents."
638
A \*(L"contributor\*(R" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
639
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
640
work thus licensed is called the contributor's \*(L"contributor version\*(R".
641
.Sp
642
A contributor's \*(L"essential patent claims\*(R" are all patent claims owned
643
or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
644
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
645
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
646
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
647
consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
648
purposes of this definition, \*(L"control\*(R" includes the right to grant
649
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
650
this License.
651
.Sp
652
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
653
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
654
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
655
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
656
.Sp
657
In the following three paragraphs, a \*(L"patent license\*(R" is any express
658
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
659
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
660
sue for patent infringement).  To \*(L"grant\*(R" such a patent license to a
661
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
662
patent against the party.
663
.Sp
664
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
665
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
666
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
667
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
668
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
669
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
670
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
671
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
672
license to downstream recipients.  \*(L"Knowingly relying\*(R" means you have
673
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
674
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
675
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
676
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
677
.Sp
678
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
679
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
680
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
681
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
682
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
683
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
684
work and works based on it.
685
.Sp
686
A patent license is \*(L"discriminatory\*(R" if it does not include within the
687
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
688
the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
689
granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered work if you
690
are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
691
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
692
third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
693
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
694
who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
695
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
696
you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
697
connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
698
covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
699
license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
700
.Sp
701
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
702
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
703
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
704
.IP "12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom." 4
705
.IX Item "12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom."
706
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
707
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
708
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey
709
a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
710
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
711
consequence you may not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree
712
to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
713
from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
714
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
715
from conveying the Program.
716
.IP "13. Use with the \s-1GNU\s0 Affero General Public License." 4
717
.IX Item "13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License."
718
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
719
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
720
under version 3 of the \s-1GNU\s0 Affero General Public License into a single
721
combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
722
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
723
but the special requirements of the \s-1GNU\s0 Affero General Public License,
724
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
725
combination as such.
726
.IP "14. Revised Versions of this License." 4
727
.IX Item "14. Revised Versions of this License."
728
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
729
of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License from time to time.  Such new
730
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
731
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
732
.Sp
733
Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
734
specifies that a certain numbered version of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public
735
License \*(L"or any later version\*(R" applies to it, you have the option of
736
following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
737
of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If
738
the Program does not specify a version number of the \s-1GNU\s0 General
739
Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
740
Software Foundation.
741
.Sp
742
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
743
of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License can be used, that proxy's public
744
statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
745
choose that version for the Program.
746
.Sp
747
Later license versions may give you additional or different
748
permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
749
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
750
later version.
751
.IP "15. Disclaimer of Warranty." 4
752
.IX Item "15. Disclaimer of Warranty."
753
\&\s-1THERE\s0 \s-1IS\s0 \s-1NO\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0, \s-1TO\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1EXTENT\s0 \s-1PERMITTED\s0 \s-1BY\s0
754
\&\s-1APPLICABLE\s0 \s-1LAW\s0.  \s-1EXCEPT\s0 \s-1WHEN\s0 \s-1OTHERWISE\s0 \s-1STATED\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1WRITING\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1COPYRIGHT\s0
755
\&\s-1HOLDERS\s0 \s-1AND/OR\s0 \s-1OTHER\s0 \s-1PARTIES\s0 \s-1PROVIDE\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0 \*(L"\s-1AS\s0 \s-1IS\s0\*(R" \s-1WITHOUT\s0
756
\&\s-1WARRANTY\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1KIND\s0, \s-1EITHER\s0 \s-1EXPRESSED\s0 \s-1OR\s0 \s-1IMPLIED\s0, \s-1INCLUDING\s0, \s-1BUT\s0 \s-1NOT\s0
757
\&\s-1LIMITED\s0 \s-1TO\s0, \s-1THE\s0 \s-1IMPLIED\s0 \s-1WARRANTIES\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0
758
A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0.  \s-1THE\s0 \s-1ENTIRE\s0 \s-1RISK\s0 \s-1AS\s0 \s-1TO\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1QUALITY\s0 \s-1AND\s0
759
\&\s-1PERFORMANCE\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0 \s-1IS\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 \s-1YOU\s0.  \s-1SHOULD\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0 \s-1PROVE\s0
760
\&\s-1DEFECTIVE\s0, \s-1YOU\s0 \s-1ASSUME\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1COST\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1ALL\s0 \s-1NECESSARY\s0 \s-1SERVICING\s0, \s-1REPAIR\s0 \s-1OR\s0
761
\&\s-1CORRECTION\s0.
762
.IP "16. Limitation of Liability." 4
763
.IX Item "16. Limitation of Liability."
764
\&\s-1IN\s0 \s-1NO\s0 \s-1EVENT\s0 \s-1UNLESS\s0 \s-1REQUIRED\s0 \s-1BY\s0 \s-1APPLICABLE\s0 \s-1LAW\s0 \s-1OR\s0 \s-1AGREED\s0 \s-1TO\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1WRITING\s0
765
\&\s-1WILL\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1COPYRIGHT\s0 \s-1HOLDER\s0, \s-1OR\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1OTHER\s0 \s-1PARTY\s0 \s-1WHO\s0 \s-1MODIFIES\s0 \s-1AND/OR\s0
766
\&\s-1CONVEYS\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0 \s-1AS\s0 \s-1PERMITTED\s0 \s-1ABOVE\s0, \s-1BE\s0 \s-1LIABLE\s0 \s-1TO\s0 \s-1YOU\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1DAMAGES\s0,
767
\&\s-1INCLUDING\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1GENERAL\s0, \s-1SPECIAL\s0, \s-1INCIDENTAL\s0 \s-1OR\s0 \s-1CONSEQUENTIAL\s0 \s-1DAMAGES\s0
768
\&\s-1ARISING\s0 \s-1OUT\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1USE\s0 \s-1OR\s0 \s-1INABILITY\s0 \s-1TO\s0 \s-1USE\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0 (\s-1INCLUDING\s0 \s-1BUT\s0
769
\&\s-1NOT\s0 \s-1LIMITED\s0 \s-1TO\s0 \s-1LOSS\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1DATA\s0 \s-1OR\s0 \s-1DATA\s0 \s-1BEING\s0 \s-1RENDERED\s0 \s-1INACCURATE\s0 \s-1OR\s0
770
\&\s-1LOSSES\s0 \s-1SUSTAINED\s0 \s-1BY\s0 \s-1YOU\s0 \s-1OR\s0 \s-1THIRD\s0 \s-1PARTIES\s0 \s-1OR\s0 A \s-1FAILURE\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0
771
\&\s-1TO\s0 \s-1OPERATE\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1OTHER\s0 \s-1PROGRAMS\s0), \s-1EVEN\s0 \s-1IF\s0 \s-1SUCH\s0 \s-1HOLDER\s0 \s-1OR\s0 \s-1OTHER\s0
772
\&\s-1PARTY\s0 \s-1HAS\s0 \s-1BEEN\s0 \s-1ADVISED\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1THE\s0 \s-1POSSIBILITY\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1SUCH\s0 \s-1DAMAGES\s0.
773
.IP "17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16." 4
774
.IX Item "17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16."
775
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
776
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
777
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
778
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
779
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
780
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
781
.Sh "\s-1END\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1TERMS\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1CONDITIONS\s0"
782
.IX Subsection "END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS"
783
.Sh "How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs"
784
.IX Subsection "How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs"
785
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
786
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
787
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
788
terms.
789
.PP
790
To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
791
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
792
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
793
the \*(L"copyright\*(R" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
794
.PP
795
.Vb 2
796
\&        
797
\&        Copyright (C)  
798
\&
799
\&        This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
800
\&        it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
801
\&        the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
802
\&        your option) any later version.
803
\&
804
\&        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
805
\&        WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
806
\&        MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
807
\&        General Public License for more details.
808
\&
809
\&        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
810
\&        along with this program.  If not, see .
811
.Ve
812
.PP
813
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
814
.PP
815
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
816
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
817
.PP
818
.Vb 4
819
\&         Copyright (C)  
820
\&        This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type "show w".
821
\&        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
822
\&        under certain conditions; type "show c" for details.
823
.Ve
824
.PP
825
The hypothetical commands \fBshow w\fR and \fBshow c\fR should show
826
the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your
827
program's commands might be different; for a \s-1GUI\s0 interface, you would
828
use an \*(L"about box\*(R".
829
.PP
830
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
831
if any, to sign a \*(L"copyright disclaimer\*(R" for the program, if necessary.
832
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1GPL\s0, see
833
<\fBhttp://www.gnu.org/licenses/\fR>.
834
.PP
835
The \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License does not permit incorporating your
836
program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
837
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
838
applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use
839
the \s-1GNU\s0 Lesser General Public License instead of this License.  But
840
first, please read <\fBhttp://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why\-not\-lgpl.html\fR>.
841
.SH "SEE ALSO"
842
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
843
\&\fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7).
844
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
845
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
846
Copyright (c) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
847
.PP
848
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
849
license document, but changing it is not allowed.

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