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/* Linear Loop transforms

   Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010

   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Contributed by Daniel Berlin <dberlin@dberlin.org>.

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under

the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free

Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later

version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY

WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see

<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#include "config.h"

#include "system.h"

#include "coretypes.h"

#include "tm.h"

#include "ggc.h"

#include "tree.h"

#include "target.h"

#include "rtl.h"

#include "basic-block.h"

#include "diagnostic.h"

#include "obstack.h"

#include "tree-flow.h"

#include "tree-dump.h"

#include "timevar.h"

#include "cfgloop.h"

#include "expr.h"

#include "optabs.h"

#include "tree-chrec.h"

#include "tree-data-ref.h"

#include "tree-scalar-evolution.h"

#include "tree-pass.h"

#include "lambda.h"

/* Linear loop transforms include any composition of interchange,

   scaling, skewing, and reversal.  They are used to change the

   iteration order of loop nests in order to optimize data locality of

   traversals, or remove dependences that prevent

   parallelization/vectorization/etc.

   TODO: Determine reuse vectors/matrix and use it to determine optimal

   transform matrix for locality purposes.

   TODO: Completion of partial transforms.  */

/* Gather statistics for loop interchange.  LOOP is the loop being

   considered. The first loop in the considered loop nest is

   FIRST_LOOP, and consequently, the index of the considered loop is

   obtained by LOOP->DEPTH - FIRST_LOOP->DEPTH

   Initializes:

   - DEPENDENCE_STEPS the sum of all the data dependence distances

   carried by loop LOOP,

   - NB_DEPS_NOT_CARRIED_BY_LOOP the number of dependence relations

   for which the loop LOOP is not carrying any dependence,

   - ACCESS_STRIDES the sum of all the strides in LOOP.

   Example: for the following loop,

   | loop_1 runs 1335 times

   |   loop_2 runs 1335 times

   |     A[{{0, +, 1}_1, +, 1335}_2]

   |     B[{{0, +, 1}_1, +, 1335}_2]

   |   endloop_2

   |   A[{0, +, 1336}_1]

   | endloop_1

   gather_interchange_stats (in loop_1) will return

   DEPENDENCE_STEPS = 3002

   NB_DEPS_NOT_CARRIED_BY_LOOP = 5

   ACCESS_STRIDES = 10694

   gather_interchange_stats (in loop_2) will return

   DEPENDENCE_STEPS = 3000

   NB_DEPS_NOT_CARRIED_BY_LOOP = 7

   ACCESS_STRIDES = 8010

*/

static void

gather_interchange_stats (VEC (ddr_p, heap) *dependence_relations ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,

                          VEC (data_reference_p, heap) *datarefs ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,

                          struct loop *loop ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,

                          struct loop *first_loop ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,

                          unsigned int *dependence_steps ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,

                          unsigned int *nb_deps_not_carried_by_loop ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,

                          double_int *access_strides ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)

{

  unsigned int i, j;

  struct data_dependence_relation *ddr;

  struct data_reference *dr;

  *dependence_steps = 0;

  *nb_deps_not_carried_by_loop = 0;

  *access_strides = double_int_zero;

  for (i = 0; VEC_iterate (ddr_p, dependence_relations, i, ddr); i++)

    {

      /* If we don't know anything about this dependence, or the distance

         vector is NULL, or there is no dependence, then there is no reuse of

         data.  */

      if (DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (ddr) == chrec_dont_know

          || DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (ddr) == chrec_known

          || DDR_NUM_DIST_VECTS (ddr) == 0)

        continue;

      for (j = 0; j < DDR_NUM_DIST_VECTS (ddr); j++)

        {

          int dist = DDR_DIST_VECT (ddr, j)[loop_depth (loop) - loop_depth (first_loop)];

          if (dist == 0)

            (*nb_deps_not_carried_by_loop) += 1;

          else if (dist < 0)

            (*dependence_steps) += -dist;

          else

            (*dependence_steps) += dist;

        }

    }

  /* Compute the access strides.  */

  for (i = 0; VEC_iterate (data_reference_p, datarefs, i, dr); i++)

    {

      unsigned int it;

      tree ref = DR_REF (dr);

      gimple stmt = DR_STMT (dr);

      struct loop *stmt_loop = loop_containing_stmt (stmt);

      struct loop *inner_loop = first_loop->inner;

      if (inner_loop != stmt_loop

          && !flow_loop_nested_p (inner_loop, stmt_loop))

        continue;

      for (it = 0; it < DR_NUM_DIMENSIONS (dr);

           it++, ref = TREE_OPERAND (ref, 0))

        {

          int num = am_vector_index_for_loop (DR_ACCESS_MATRIX (dr), loop->num);

          int istride = AM_GET_ACCESS_MATRIX_ELEMENT (DR_ACCESS_MATRIX (dr), it, num);

          tree array_size = TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (ref));

          double_int dstride;

          if (array_size == NULL_TREE

              || TREE_CODE (array_size) != INTEGER_CST)

            continue;

          dstride = double_int_mul (tree_to_double_int (array_size),

                                    shwi_to_double_int (istride));

          (*access_strides) = double_int_add (*access_strides, dstride);

        }

    }

}

/* Attempt to apply interchange transformations to TRANS to maximize the

   spatial and temporal locality of the loop.

   Returns the new transform matrix.  The smaller the reuse vector

   distances in the inner loops, the fewer the cache misses.

   FIRST_LOOP is the loop->num of the first loop in the analyzed loop

   nest.  */

static lambda_trans_matrix

try_interchange_loops (lambda_trans_matrix trans,

                       unsigned int depth,

                       VEC (ddr_p, heap) *dependence_relations,

                       VEC (data_reference_p, heap) *datarefs,

                       struct loop *first_loop)

{

  bool res;

  struct loop *loop_i;

  struct loop *loop_j;

  unsigned int dependence_steps_i, dependence_steps_j;

  double_int access_strides_i, access_strides_j;

  double_int small, large, nb_iter;

  double_int l1_cache_size, l2_cache_size;

  int cmp;

  unsigned int nb_deps_not_carried_by_i, nb_deps_not_carried_by_j;

  struct data_dependence_relation *ddr;

  if (VEC_length (ddr_p, dependence_relations) == 0)

    return trans;

  /* When there is an unknown relation in the dependence_relations, we

     know that it is no worth looking at this loop nest: give up.  */

  ddr = VEC_index (ddr_p, dependence_relations, 0);

  if (ddr == NULL || DDR_ARE_DEPENDENT (ddr) == chrec_dont_know)

    return trans;

  l1_cache_size = uhwi_to_double_int (L1_CACHE_SIZE * 1024);

  l2_cache_size = uhwi_to_double_int (L2_CACHE_SIZE * 1024);

  /* LOOP_I is always the outer loop.  */

  for (loop_j = first_loop->inner;

       loop_j;

       loop_j = loop_j->inner)

    for (loop_i = first_loop;

         loop_depth (loop_i) < loop_depth (loop_j);

         loop_i = loop_i->inner)

      {

        gather_interchange_stats (dependence_relations, datarefs,

                                  loop_i, first_loop,

                                  &dependence_steps_i,

                                  &nb_deps_not_carried_by_i,

                                  &access_strides_i);

        gather_interchange_stats (dependence_relations, datarefs,

                                  loop_j, first_loop,

                                  &dependence_steps_j,

                                  &nb_deps_not_carried_by_j,

                                  &access_strides_j);

        /* Heuristics for loop interchange profitability:

           0. Don't transform if the smallest stride is larger than

              the L2 cache, or if the largest stride multiplied by the

              number of iterations is smaller than the L1 cache.

           1. (spatial locality) Inner loops should have smallest

              dependence steps.

           2. (spatial locality) Inner loops should contain more

           dependence relations not carried by the loop.

           3. (temporal locality) Inner loops should have smallest

              array access strides.

        */

        cmp = double_int_ucmp (access_strides_i, access_strides_j);

        small = cmp < 0 ? access_strides_i : access_strides_j;

        large = cmp < 0 ? access_strides_j : access_strides_i;

        if (double_int_ucmp (small, l2_cache_size) > 0)

          continue;

        res = cmp < 0 ?

          estimated_loop_iterations (loop_j, false, &nb_iter):

          estimated_loop_iterations (loop_i, false, &nb_iter);

        if (res

            && double_int_ucmp (double_int_mul (large, nb_iter),

                                l1_cache_size) < 0)

          continue;

        if (dependence_steps_i < dependence_steps_j

            || nb_deps_not_carried_by_i > nb_deps_not_carried_by_j

            || cmp < 0)

          {

            lambda_matrix_row_exchange (LTM_MATRIX (trans),

                                        loop_depth (loop_i) - loop_depth (first_loop),

                                        loop_depth (loop_j) - loop_depth (first_loop));

            /* Validate the resulting matrix.  When the transformation

               is not valid, reverse to the previous transformation.  */

            if (!lambda_transform_legal_p (trans, depth, dependence_relations))

              lambda_matrix_row_exchange (LTM_MATRIX (trans),

                                          loop_depth (loop_i) - loop_depth (first_loop),

                                          loop_depth (loop_j) - loop_depth (first_loop));

          }

      }

  return trans;

}

/* Return the number of nested loops in LOOP_NEST, or 0 if the loops

   are not perfectly nested.  */

unsigned int

perfect_loop_nest_depth (struct loop *loop_nest)

{

  struct loop *temp;

  unsigned int depth = 1;

  /* If it's not a loop nest, we don't want it.  We also don't handle

     sibling loops properly, which are loops of the following form:

     | for (i = 0; i < 50; i++)

     |   {

     |     for (j = 0; j < 50; j++)

     |       {

     |        ...

     |       }

     |     for (j = 0; j < 50; j++)

     |       {

     |        ...

     |       }

     |   }

  */

  if (!loop_nest->inner || !single_exit (loop_nest))

    return 0;

  for (temp = loop_nest->inner; temp; temp = temp->inner)

    {

      /* If we have a sibling loop or multiple exit edges, jump ship.  */

      if (temp->next || !single_exit (temp))

        return 0;

      depth++;

    }

  return depth;

}

/* Perform a set of linear transforms on loops.  */

void

linear_transform_loops (void)

{

  bool modified = false;

  loop_iterator li;

  VEC(tree,heap) *oldivs = NULL;

  VEC(tree,heap) *invariants = NULL;

  VEC(tree,heap) *lambda_parameters = NULL;

  VEC(gimple,heap) *remove_ivs = VEC_alloc (gimple, heap, 3);

  struct loop *loop_nest;

  gimple oldiv_stmt;

  unsigned i;

  FOR_EACH_LOOP (li, loop_nest, 0)

    {

      unsigned int depth = 0;

      VEC (ddr_p, heap) *dependence_relations;

      VEC (data_reference_p, heap) *datarefs;

      lambda_loopnest before, after;

      lambda_trans_matrix trans;

      struct obstack lambda_obstack;

      struct loop *loop;

      VEC(loop_p,heap) *nest;

      depth = perfect_loop_nest_depth (loop_nest);

      if (depth == 0)

        continue;

      nest = VEC_alloc (loop_p, heap, 3);

      for (loop = loop_nest; loop; loop = loop->inner)

        VEC_safe_push (loop_p, heap, nest, loop);

      gcc_obstack_init (&lambda_obstack);

      VEC_truncate (tree, oldivs, 0);

      VEC_truncate (tree, invariants, 0);

      VEC_truncate (tree, lambda_parameters, 0);

      datarefs = VEC_alloc (data_reference_p, heap, 10);

      dependence_relations = VEC_alloc (ddr_p, heap, 10 * 10);

      if (!compute_data_dependences_for_loop (loop_nest, true, &datarefs,

                                              &dependence_relations))

        goto free_and_continue;

      lambda_collect_parameters (datarefs, &lambda_parameters);

      if (!lambda_compute_access_matrices (datarefs, lambda_parameters, nest))

        goto free_and_continue;

      if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))

        dump_ddrs (dump_file, dependence_relations);

      /* Build the transformation matrix.  */

      trans = lambda_trans_matrix_new (depth, depth);

      lambda_matrix_id (LTM_MATRIX (trans), depth);

      trans = try_interchange_loops (trans, depth, dependence_relations,

                                     datarefs, loop_nest);

      if (lambda_trans_matrix_id_p (trans))

        {

          if (dump_file)

           fprintf (dump_file, "Won't transform loop. Optimal transform is the identity transform\n");

          goto free_and_continue;

        }

      /* Check whether the transformation is legal.  */

      if (!lambda_transform_legal_p (trans, depth, dependence_relations))

        {

          if (dump_file)

            fprintf (dump_file, "Can't transform loop, transform is illegal:\n");

          goto free_and_continue;

        }

      before = gcc_loopnest_to_lambda_loopnest (loop_nest, &oldivs,

                                                &invariants, &lambda_obstack);

      if (!before)

        goto free_and_continue;

      if (dump_file)

        {

          fprintf (dump_file, "Before:\n");

          print_lambda_loopnest (dump_file, before, 'i');

        }

      after = lambda_loopnest_transform (before, trans, &lambda_obstack);

      if (dump_file)

        {

          fprintf (dump_file, "After:\n");

          print_lambda_loopnest (dump_file, after, 'u');

        }

      lambda_loopnest_to_gcc_loopnest (loop_nest, oldivs, invariants,

                                       &remove_ivs,

                                       after, trans, &lambda_obstack);

      modified = true;

      if (dump_file)

        fprintf (dump_file, "Successfully transformed loop.\n");

    free_and_continue:

      obstack_free (&lambda_obstack, NULL);

      free_dependence_relations (dependence_relations);

      free_data_refs (datarefs);

      VEC_free (loop_p, heap, nest);

    }

  for (i = 0; VEC_iterate (gimple, remove_ivs, i, oldiv_stmt); i++)

    remove_iv (oldiv_stmt);

  VEC_free (tree, heap, oldivs);

  VEC_free (tree, heap, invariants);

  VEC_free (gimple, heap, remove_ivs);

  scev_reset ();

  if (modified)

    rewrite_into_loop_closed_ssa (NULL, TODO_update_ssa_full_phi);

}