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\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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@c %**start of header
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@setfilename libgomp.info
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@settitle GNU libgomp
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@c %**end of header
7
 
8
 
9
@copying
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Copyright @copyright{} 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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12
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
13
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
14
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
15
Invariant Sections being ``Funding Free Software'', the Front-Cover
16
texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
17
(see below).  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
18
``GNU Free Documentation License''.
19
 
20
(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
21
 
22
     A GNU Manual
23
 
24
(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
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26
     You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
27
     software.  Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
28
     funds for GNU development.
29
@end copying
30
 
31
@ifinfo
32
@dircategory GNU Libraries
33
@direntry
34
* libgomp: (libgomp).                    GNU OpenMP runtime library
35
@end direntry
36
 
37
This manual documents the GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for
38
multi-platform shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran.
39
 
40
Published by the Free Software Foundation
41
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
42
Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
43
 
44
@insertcopying
45
@end ifinfo
46
 
47
 
48
@setchapternewpage odd
49
 
50
@titlepage
51
@title The GNU OpenMP Implementation
52
@page
53
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
54
@comment For the @value{version-GCC} Version*
55
@sp 1
56
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
57
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor@*
58
Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA@*
59
@sp 1
60
@insertcopying
61
@end titlepage
62
 
63
@summarycontents
64
@contents
65
@page
66
 
67
 
68
@node Top
69
@top Introduction
70
@cindex Introduction
71
 
72
This manual documents the usage of libgomp, the GNU implementation of the
73
@uref{http://www.openmp.org, OpenMP} Application Programming Interface (API)
74
for multi-platform shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran.
75
 
76
 
77
 
78
@comment
79
@comment  When you add a new menu item, please keep the right hand
80
@comment  aligned to the same column.  Do not use tabs.  This provides
81
@comment  better formatting.
82
@comment
83
@menu
84
* Enabling OpenMP::            How to enable OpenMP for your applications.
85
* Runtime Library Routines::   The OpenMP runtime application programming
86
                               interface.
87
* Environment Variables::      Influencing runtime behavior with environment
88
                               variables.
89
* The libgomp ABI::            Notes on the external ABI presented by libgomp.
90
* Reporting Bugs::             How to report bugs in GNU OpenMP.
91
* Copying::                    GNU general public license says
92
                               how you can copy and share libgomp.
93
* GNU Free Documentation License::
94
                               How you can copy and share this manual.
95
* Funding::                    How to help assure continued work for free
96
                               software.
97
* Index::                      Index of this documentation.
98
@end menu
99
 
100
 
101
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
102
@c Enabling OpenMP
103
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
104
 
105
@node Enabling OpenMP
106
@chapter Enabling OpenMP
107
 
108
To activate the OpenMP extensions for C/C++ and Fortran, the compile-time
109
flag @command{-fopenmp} must be specified. This enables the OpenMP directive
110
@code{#pragma omp} in C/C++ and @code{!$omp} directives in free form,
111
@code{c$omp}, @code{*$omp} and @code{!$omp} directives in fixed form,
112
@code{!$} conditional compilation sentinels in free form and @code{c$},
113
@code{*$} and @code{!$} sentinels in fixed form, for Fortran. The flag also
114
arranges for automatic linking of the OpenMP runtime library
115
(@ref{Runtime Library Routines}).
116
 
117
A complete description of all OpenMP directives accepted may be found in
118
the @uref{http://www.openmp.org, OpenMP Application Program Interface} manual,
119
version 3.0.
120
 
121
 
122
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
123
@c Runtime Library Routines
124
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
125
 
126
@node Runtime Library Routines
127
@chapter Runtime Library Routines
128
 
129
The runtime routines described here are defined by section 3 of the OpenMP
130
specifications in version 3.0. The routines are structured in following
131
three parts:
132
 
133
Control threads, processors and the parallel environment.
134
 
135
@menu
136
* omp_get_active_level::        Number of active parallel regions
137
* omp_get_ancestor_thread_num:: Ancestor thread ID
138
* omp_get_dynamic::             Dynamic teams setting
139
* omp_get_level::               Number of parallel regions
140
* omp_get_max_active_levels::   Maximal number of active regions
141
* omp_get_max_threads::         Maximal number of threads of parallel region
142
* omp_get_nested::              Nested parallel regions
143
* omp_get_num_procs::           Number of processors online
144
* omp_get_num_threads::         Size of the active team
145
* omp_get_schedule::            Obtain the runtime scheduling method
146
* omp_get_team_size::           Number of threads in a team
147
* omp_get_thread_limit::        Maximal number of threads
148
* omp_get_thread_num::          Current thread ID
149
* omp_in_parallel::             Whether a parallel region is active
150
* omp_set_dynamic::             Enable/disable dynamic teams
151
* omp_set_max_active_levels::   Limits the number of active parallel regions
152
* omp_set_nested::              Enable/disable nested parallel regions
153
* omp_set_num_threads::         Set upper team size limit
154
* omp_set_schedule::            Set the runtime scheduling method
155
@end menu
156
 
157
Initialize, set, test, unset and destroy simple and nested locks.
158
 
159
@menu
160
* omp_init_lock::            Initialize simple lock
161
* omp_set_lock::             Wait for and set simple lock
162
* omp_test_lock::            Test and set simple lock if available
163
* omp_unset_lock::           Unset simple lock
164
* omp_destroy_lock::         Destroy simple lock
165
* omp_init_nest_lock::       Initialize nested lock
166
* omp_set_nest_lock::        Wait for and set simple lock
167
* omp_test_nest_lock::       Test and set nested lock if available
168
* omp_unset_nest_lock::      Unset nested lock
169
* omp_destroy_nest_lock::    Destroy nested lock
170
@end menu
171
 
172
Portable, thread-based, wall clock timer.
173
 
174
@menu
175
* omp_get_wtick::            Get timer precision.
176
* omp_get_wtime::            Elapsed wall clock time.
177
@end menu
178
 
179
 
180
 
181
@node omp_get_active_level
182
@section @code{omp_get_active_level} -- Number of parallel regions
183
@table @asis
184
@item @emph{Description}:
185
This function returns the nesting level for the active parallel blocks,
186
which enclose the calling call.
187
 
188
@item @emph{C/C++}
189
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
190
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_active_level();}
191
@end multitable
192
 
193
@item @emph{Fortran}:
194
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
195
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer omp_get_active_level()}
196
@end multitable
197
 
198
@item @emph{See also}:
199
@ref{omp_get_level}, @ref{omp_get_max_active_levels}, @ref{omp_set_max_active_levels}
200
 
201
@item @emph{Reference}:
202
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.19.
203
@end table
204
 
205
 
206
 
207
@node omp_get_ancestor_thread_num
208
@section @code{omp_get_ancestor_thread_num} -- Ancestor thread ID
209
@table @asis
210
@item @emph{Description}:
211
This function returns the thread identification number for the given
212
nesting level of the current thread. For values of @var{level} outside
213
zero to @code{omp_get_level} -1 is returned; if @var{level} is
214
@code{omp_get_level} the result is identical to @code{omp_get_thread_num}.
215
 
216
@item @emph{C/C++}
217
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
218
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_ancestor_thread_num(int level);}
219
@end multitable
220
 
221
@item @emph{Fortran}:
222
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
223
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer omp_ancestor_thread_num(level)}
224
@item                   @tab @code{integer level}
225
@end multitable
226
 
227
@item @emph{See also}:
228
@ref{omp_get_level}, @ref{omp_get_thread_num}, @ref{omp_get_team_size}
229
 
230
@item @emph{Reference}:
231
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.17.
232
@end table
233
 
234
 
235
 
236
@node omp_get_dynamic
237
@section @code{omp_get_dynamic} -- Dynamic teams setting
238
@table @asis
239
@item @emph{Description}:
240
This function returns @code{true} if enabled, @code{false} otherwise.
241
Here, @code{true} and @code{false} represent their language-specific
242
counterparts.
243
 
244
The dynamic team setting may be initialized at startup by the
245
@code{OMP_DYNAMIC} environment variable or at runtime using
246
@code{omp_set_dynamic}. If undefined, dynamic adjustment is
247
disabled by default.
248
 
249
@item @emph{C/C++}:
250
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
251
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_dynamic();}
252
@end multitable
253
 
254
@item @emph{Fortran}:
255
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
256
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{logical function omp_get_dynamic()}
257
@end multitable
258
 
259
@item @emph{See also}:
260
@ref{omp_set_dynamic}, @ref{OMP_DYNAMIC}
261
 
262
@item @emph{Reference}:
263
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.8.
264
@end table
265
 
266
 
267
 
268
@node omp_get_level
269
@section @code{omp_get_level} -- Obtain the current nesting level
270
@table @asis
271
@item @emph{Description}:
272
This function returns the nesting level for the parallel blocks,
273
which enclose the calling call.
274
 
275
@item @emph{C/C++}
276
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
277
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get level();}
278
@end multitable
279
 
280
@item @emph{Fortran}:
281
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
282
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer omp_level()}
283
@end multitable
284
 
285
@item @emph{See also}:
286
@ref{omp_get_active_level}
287
 
288
@item @emph{Reference}:
289
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.16.
290
@end table
291
 
292
 
293
 
294
@node omp_get_max_active_levels
295
@section @code{omp_set_max_active_levels} -- Maximal number of active regions
296
@table @asis
297
@item @emph{Description}:
298
This function obtains the maximally allowed number of nested, active parallel regions.
299
 
300
@item @emph{C/C++}
301
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
302
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_max_active_levels();}
303
@end multitable
304
 
305
@item @emph{Fortran}:
306
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
307
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{int omp_get_max_active_levels()}
308
@end multitable
309
 
310
@item @emph{See also}:
311
@ref{omp_set_max_active_levels}, @ref{omp_get_active_level}
312
 
313
@item @emph{Reference}:
314
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.14.
315
@end table
316
 
317
 
318
 
319
@node omp_get_max_threads
320
@section @code{omp_get_max_threads} -- Maximal number of threads of parallel region
321
@table @asis
322
@item @emph{Description}:
323
Return the maximal number of threads used for the current parallel region
324
that does not use the clause @code{num_threads}.
325
 
326
@item @emph{C/C++}:
327
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
328
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_max_threads();}
329
@end multitable
330
 
331
@item @emph{Fortran}:
332
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
333
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer function omp_get_max_threads()}
334
@end multitable
335
 
336
@item @emph{See also}:
337
@ref{omp_set_num_threads}, @ref{omp_set_dynamic}, @ref{omp_get_thread_limit}
338
 
339
@item @emph{Reference}:
340
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.3.
341
@end table
342
 
343
 
344
 
345
@node omp_get_nested
346
@section @code{omp_get_nested} -- Nested parallel regions
347
@table @asis
348
@item @emph{Description}:
349
This function returns @code{true} if nested parallel regions are
350
enabled, @code{false} otherwise. Here, @code{true} and @code{false}
351
represent their language-specific counterparts.
352
 
353
Nested parallel regions may be initialized at startup by the
354
@code{OMP_NESTED} environment variable or at runtime using
355
@code{omp_set_nested}. If undefined, nested parallel regions are
356
disabled by default.
357
 
358
@item @emph{C/C++}:
359
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
360
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_nested();}
361
@end multitable
362
 
363
@item @emph{Fortran}:
364
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
365
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer function omp_get_nested()}
366
@end multitable
367
 
368
@item @emph{See also}:
369
@ref{omp_set_nested}, @ref{OMP_NESTED}
370
 
371
@item @emph{Reference}:
372
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.10.
373
@end table
374
 
375
 
376
 
377
@node omp_get_num_procs
378
@section @code{omp_get_num_procs} -- Number of processors online
379
@table @asis
380
@item @emph{Description}:
381
Returns the number of processors online.
382
 
383
@item @emph{C/C++}:
384
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
385
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_num_procs();}
386
@end multitable
387
 
388
@item @emph{Fortran}:
389
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
390
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer function omp_get_num_procs()}
391
@end multitable
392
 
393
@item @emph{Reference}:
394
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.5.
395
@end table
396
 
397
 
398
 
399
@node omp_get_num_threads
400
@section @code{omp_get_num_threads} -- Size of the active team
401
@table @asis
402
@item @emph{Description}:
403
The number of threads in the current team. In a sequential section of
404
the program @code{omp_get_num_threads} returns 1.
405
 
406
The default team size may be initialized at startup by the
407
@code{OMP_NUM_THREADS} environment variable. At runtime, the size
408
of the current team may be set either by the @code{NUM_THREADS}
409
clause or by @code{omp_set_num_threads}. If none of the above were
410
used to define a specific value and @code{OMP_DYNAMIC} is disabled,
411
one thread per CPU online is used.
412
 
413
@item @emph{C/C++}:
414
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
415
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_num_threads();}
416
@end multitable
417
 
418
@item @emph{Fortran}:
419
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
420
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer function omp_get_num_threads()}
421
@end multitable
422
 
423
@item @emph{See also}:
424
@ref{omp_get_max_threads}, @ref{omp_set_num_threads}, @ref{OMP_NUM_THREADS}
425
 
426
@item @emph{Reference}:
427
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.2.
428
@end table
429
 
430
 
431
 
432
@node omp_get_schedule
433
@section @code{omp_get_schedule} -- Obtain the runtime scheduling method
434
@table @asis
435
@item @emph{Description}:
436
Obtain runtime the scheduling method. The @var{kind} argument will be
437
set to the value @code{omp_sched_static}, @code{omp_sched_dynamic},
438
@code{opm_sched_guided} or @code{auto}. The second argument, @var{modifier},
439
is set to the chunk size.
440
 
441
@item @emph{C/C++}
442
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
443
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{omp_schedule(omp_sched_t * kind, int *modifier);}
444
@end multitable
445
 
446
@item @emph{Fortran}:
447
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
448
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_schedule(kind, modifier)}
449
@item                   @tab @code{integer(kind=omp_sched_kind) kind}
450
@item                   @tab @code{integer modifier}
451
@end multitable
452
 
453
@item @emph{See also}:
454
@ref{omp_set_schedule}, @ref{OMP_SCHEDULE}
455
 
456
@item @emph{Reference}:
457
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.12.
458
@end table
459
 
460
 
461
 
462
@node omp_get_team_size
463
@section @code{omp_get_team_size} -- Number of threads in a team
464
@table @asis
465
@item @emph{Description}:
466
This function returns the number of threads in a thread team to which
467
either the current thread or its ancestor belongs. For values of @var{level}
468
outside zero to @code{omp_get_level} -1 is returned; if @var{level} is zero
469
1 is returned and for @code{omp_get_level} the result is identical
470
to @code{omp_get_num_threads}.
471
 
472
@item @emph{C/C++}:
473
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
474
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_time_size(int level);}
475
@end multitable
476
 
477
@item @emph{Fortran}:
478
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
479
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer function omp_get_team_size(level)}
480
@item                   @tab @code{integer level}
481
@end multitable
482
 
483
@item @emph{See also}:
484
@ref{omp_get_num_threads}, @ref{omp_get_level}, @ref{omp_get_ancestor_thread_num}
485
 
486
@item @emph{Reference}:
487
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.18.
488
@end table
489
 
490
 
491
 
492
@node omp_get_thread_limit
493
@section @code{omp_get_thread_limit} -- Maximal number of threads
494
@table @asis
495
@item @emph{Description}:
496
Return the maximal number of threads of the program.
497
 
498
@item @emph{C/C++}:
499
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
500
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_thread_limit();}
501
@end multitable
502
 
503
@item @emph{Fortran}:
504
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
505
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer function omp_get_thread_limit()}
506
@end multitable
507
 
508
@item @emph{See also}:
509
@ref{omp_get_max_threads}, @ref{OMP_THREAD_LIMIT}
510
 
511
@item @emph{Reference}:
512
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.13.
513
@end table
514
 
515
 
516
 
517
@node omp_get_thread_num
518
@section @code{omp_get_thread_num} -- Current thread ID
519
@table @asis
520
@item @emph{Description}:
521
Unique thread identification number within the current team.
522
In a sequential parts of the program, @code{omp_get_thread_num}
523
always returns 0. In parallel regions the return value varies
524
from 0 to @code{omp_get_num_threads}-1 inclusive. The return
525
value of the master thread of a team is always 0.
526
 
527
@item @emph{C/C++}:
528
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
529
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_get_thread_num();}
530
@end multitable
531
 
532
@item @emph{Fortran}:
533
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
534
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer function omp_get_thread_num()}
535
@end multitable
536
 
537
@item @emph{See also}:
538
@ref{omp_get_num_threads}, @ref{omp_get_ancestor_thread_num}
539
 
540
@item @emph{Reference}:
541
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.4.
542
@end table
543
 
544
 
545
 
546
@node omp_in_parallel
547
@section @code{omp_in_parallel} -- Whether a parallel region is active
548
@table @asis
549
@item @emph{Description}:
550
This function returns @code{true} if currently running in parallel,
551
@code{false} otherwise. Here, @code{true} and @code{false} represent
552
their language-specific counterparts.
553
 
554
@item @emph{C/C++}:
555
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
556
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_in_parallel();}
557
@end multitable
558
 
559
@item @emph{Fortran}:
560
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
561
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{logical function omp_in_parallel()}
562
@end multitable
563
 
564
@item @emph{Reference}:
565
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.6.
566
@end table
567
 
568
 
569
@node omp_set_dynamic
570
@section @code{omp_set_dynamic} -- Enable/disable dynamic teams
571
@table @asis
572
@item @emph{Description}:
573
Enable or disable the dynamic adjustment of the number of threads
574
within a team. The function takes the language-specific equivalent
575
of @code{true} and @code{false}, where @code{true} enables dynamic
576
adjustment of team sizes and @code{false} disables it.
577
 
578
@item @emph{C/C++}:
579
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
580
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_set_dynamic(int);}
581
@end multitable
582
 
583
@item @emph{Fortran}:
584
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
585
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_set_dynamic(set)}
586
@item                   @tab @code{integer, intent(in) :: set}
587
@end multitable
588
 
589
@item @emph{See also}:
590
@ref{OMP_DYNAMIC}, @ref{omp_get_dynamic}
591
 
592
@item @emph{Reference}:
593
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.7.
594
@end table
595
 
596
 
597
 
598
@node omp_set_max_active_levels
599
@section @code{omp_set_max_active_levels} -- Limits the number of active parallel regions
600
@table @asis
601
@item @emph{Description}:
602
This function limits the maximally allowed number of nested, active parallel regions.
603
 
604
@item @emph{C/C++}
605
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
606
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{omp_set_max_active_levels(int max_levels);}
607
@end multitable
608
 
609
@item @emph{Fortran}:
610
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
611
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{omp_max_active_levels(max_levels)}
612
@item                   @tab @code{integer max_levels}
613
@end multitable
614
 
615
@item @emph{See also}:
616
@ref{omp_get_max_active_levels}, @ref{omp_get_active_level}
617
 
618
@item @emph{Reference}:
619
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.14.
620
@end table
621
 
622
 
623
 
624
@node omp_set_nested
625
@section @code{omp_set_nested} -- Enable/disable nested parallel regions
626
@table @asis
627
@item @emph{Description}:
628
Enable or disable nested parallel regions, i.e., whether team members
629
are allowed to create new teams. The function takes the language-specific
630
equivalent of @code{true} and @code{false}, where @code{true} enables
631
dynamic adjustment of team sizes and @code{false} disables it.
632
 
633
@item @emph{C/C++}:
634
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
635
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_set_dynamic(int);}
636
@end multitable
637
 
638
@item @emph{Fortran}:
639
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
640
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_set_dynamic(set)}
641
@item                   @tab @code{integer, intent(in) :: set}
642
@end multitable
643
 
644
@item @emph{See also}:
645
@ref{OMP_NESTED}, @ref{omp_get_nested}
646
 
647
@item @emph{Reference}:
648
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.9.
649
@end table
650
 
651
 
652
 
653
@node omp_set_num_threads
654
@section @code{omp_set_num_threads} -- Set upper team size limit
655
@table @asis
656
@item @emph{Description}:
657
Specifies the number of threads used by default in subsequent parallel
658
sections, if those do not specify a @code{num_threads} clause. The
659
argument of @code{omp_set_num_threads} shall be a positive integer.
660
 
661
@item @emph{C/C++}:
662
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
663
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_set_num_threads(int);}
664
@end multitable
665
 
666
@item @emph{Fortran}:
667
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
668
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_set_num_threads(set)}
669
@item                   @tab @code{integer, intent(in) :: set}
670
@end multitable
671
 
672
@item @emph{See also}:
673
@ref{OMP_NUM_THREADS}, @ref{omp_get_num_threads}, @ref{omp_get_max_threads}
674
 
675
@item @emph{Reference}:
676
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.1.
677
@end table
678
 
679
 
680
 
681
@node omp_set_schedule
682
@section @code{omp_set_schedule} -- Set the runtime scheduling method
683
@table @asis
684
@item @emph{Description}:
685
Sets the runtime scheduling method. The @var{kind} argument can have the
686
value @code{omp_sched_static}, @code{omp_sched_dynamic},
687
@code{opm_sched_guided} or @code{omp_sched_auto}. Except for
688
@code{omp_sched_auto}, the chunk size is set to the value of
689
@var{modifier} if positive or to the default value if zero or negative.
690
For @code{omp_sched_auto} the @var{modifier} argument is ignored.
691
 
692
@item @emph{C/C++}
693
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
694
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_schedule(omp_sched_t * kind, int *modifier);}
695
@end multitable
696
 
697
@item @emph{Fortran}:
698
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
699
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_schedule(kind, modifier)}
700
@item                   @tab @code{integer(kind=omp_sched_kind) kind}
701
@item                   @tab @code{integer modifier}
702
@end multitable
703
 
704
@item @emph{See also}:
705
@ref{omp_get_schedule}
706
@ref{OMP_SCHEDULE}
707
 
708
@item @emph{Reference}:
709
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.2.11.
710
@end table
711
 
712
 
713
 
714
@node omp_init_lock
715
@section @code{omp_init_lock} -- Initialize simple lock
716
@table @asis
717
@item @emph{Description}:
718
Initialize a simple lock. After initialization, the lock is in
719
an unlocked state.
720
 
721
@item @emph{C/C++}:
722
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
723
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_init_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);}
724
@end multitable
725
 
726
@item @emph{Fortran}:
727
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
728
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_init_lock(lock)}
729
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(out) :: lock}
730
@end multitable
731
 
732
@item @emph{See also}:
733
@ref{omp_destroy_lock}
734
 
735
@item @emph{Reference}:
736
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.1.
737
@end table
738
 
739
 
740
 
741
@node omp_set_lock
742
@section @code{omp_set_lock} -- Wait for and set simple lock
743
@table @asis
744
@item @emph{Description}:
745
Before setting a simple lock, the lock variable must be initialized by
746
@code{omp_init_lock}. The calling thread is blocked until the lock
747
is available. If the lock is already held by the current thread,
748
a deadlock occurs.
749
 
750
@item @emph{C/C++}:
751
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
752
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_set_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);}
753
@end multitable
754
 
755
@item @emph{Fortran}:
756
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
757
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_set_lock(lock)}
758
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(out) :: lock}
759
@end multitable
760
 
761
@item @emph{See also}:
762
@ref{omp_init_lock}, @ref{omp_test_lock}, @ref{omp_unset_lock}
763
 
764
@item @emph{Reference}:
765
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.3.
766
@end table
767
 
768
 
769
 
770
@node omp_test_lock
771
@section @code{omp_test_lock} -- Test and set simple lock if available
772
@table @asis
773
@item @emph{Description}:
774
Before setting a simple lock, the lock variable must be initialized by
775
@code{omp_init_lock}. Contrary to @code{omp_set_lock}, @code{omp_test_lock}
776
does not block if the lock is not available. This function returns
777
@code{true} upon success, @code{false} otherwise. Here, @code{true} and
778
@code{false} represent their language-specific counterparts.
779
 
780
@item @emph{C/C++}:
781
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
782
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_test_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);}
783
@end multitable
784
 
785
@item @emph{Fortran}:
786
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
787
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_test_lock(lock)}
788
@item                   @tab @code{logical(omp_logical_kind) :: omp_test_lock}
789
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(out) :: lock}
790
@end multitable
791
 
792
@item @emph{See also}:
793
@ref{omp_init_lock}, @ref{omp_set_lock}, @ref{omp_set_lock}
794
 
795
@item @emph{Reference}:
796
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.5.
797
@end table
798
 
799
 
800
 
801
@node omp_unset_lock
802
@section @code{omp_unset_lock} -- Unset simple lock
803
@table @asis
804
@item @emph{Description}:
805
A simple lock about to be unset must have been locked by @code{omp_set_lock}
806
or @code{omp_test_lock} before. In addition, the lock must be held by the
807
thread calling @code{omp_unset_lock}. Then, the lock becomes unlocked. If one
808
ore more threads attempted to set the lock before, one of them is chosen to,
809
again, set the lock for itself.
810
 
811
@item @emph{C/C++}:
812
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
813
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_unset_lock(omp_lock_t *lock);}
814
@end multitable
815
 
816
@item @emph{Fortran}:
817
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
818
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_unset_lock(lock)}
819
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(out) :: lock}
820
@end multitable
821
 
822
@item @emph{See also}:
823
@ref{omp_set_lock}, @ref{omp_test_lock}
824
 
825
@item @emph{Reference}:
826
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.4.
827
@end table
828
 
829
 
830
 
831
@node omp_destroy_lock
832
@section @code{omp_destroy_lock} -- Destroy simple lock
833
@table @asis
834
@item @emph{Description}:
835
Destroy a simple lock. In order to be destroyed, a simple lock must be
836
in the unlocked state.
837
 
838
@item @emph{C/C++}:
839
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
840
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_destroy_lock(omp_lock_t *);}
841
@end multitable
842
 
843
@item @emph{Fortran}:
844
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
845
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_destroy_lock(lock)}
846
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: lock}
847
@end multitable
848
 
849
@item @emph{See also}:
850
@ref{omp_init_lock}
851
 
852
@item @emph{Reference}:
853
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.2.
854
@end table
855
 
856
 
857
 
858
@node omp_init_nest_lock
859
@section @code{omp_init_nest_lock} -- Initialize nested lock
860
@table @asis
861
@item @emph{Description}:
862
Initialize a nested lock. After initialization, the lock is in
863
an unlocked state and the nesting count is set to zero.
864
 
865
@item @emph{C/C++}:
866
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
867
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_init_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *lock);}
868
@end multitable
869
 
870
@item @emph{Fortran}:
871
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
872
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_init_nest_lock(lock)}
873
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(out) :: lock}
874
@end multitable
875
 
876
@item @emph{See also}:
877
@ref{omp_destroy_nest_lock}
878
 
879
@item @emph{Reference}:
880
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.1.
881
@end table
882
 
883
 
884
@node omp_set_nest_lock
885
@section @code{omp_set_nest_lock} -- Wait for and set simple lock
886
@table @asis
887
@item @emph{Description}:
888
Before setting a nested lock, the lock variable must be initialized by
889
@code{omp_init_nest_lock}. The calling thread is blocked until the lock
890
is available. If the lock is already held by the current thread, the
891
nesting count for the lock in incremented.
892
 
893
@item @emph{C/C++}:
894
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
895
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_set_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *lock);}
896
@end multitable
897
 
898
@item @emph{Fortran}:
899
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
900
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_set_nest_lock(lock)}
901
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(out) :: lock}
902
@end multitable
903
 
904
@item @emph{See also}:
905
@ref{omp_init_nest_lock}, @ref{omp_unset_nest_lock}
906
 
907
@item @emph{Reference}:
908
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.3.
909
@end table
910
 
911
 
912
 
913
@node omp_test_nest_lock
914
@section @code{omp_test_nest_lock} -- Test and set nested lock if available
915
@table @asis
916
@item @emph{Description}:
917
Before setting a nested lock, the lock variable must be initialized by
918
@code{omp_init_nest_lock}. Contrary to @code{omp_set_nest_lock},
919
@code{omp_test_nest_lock} does not block if the lock is not available.
920
If the lock is already held by the current thread, the new nesting count
921
is returned. Otherwise, the return value equals zero.
922
 
923
@item @emph{C/C++}:
924
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
925
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{int omp_test_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *lock);}
926
@end multitable
927
 
928
@item @emph{Fortran}:
929
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
930
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{integer function omp_test_nest_lock(lock)}
931
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_integer_kind) :: omp_test_nest_lock}
932
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: lock}
933
@end multitable
934
 
935
 
936
@item @emph{See also}:
937
@ref{omp_init_lock}, @ref{omp_set_lock}, @ref{omp_set_lock}
938
 
939
@item @emph{Reference}:
940
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.5.
941
@end table
942
 
943
 
944
 
945
@node omp_unset_nest_lock
946
@section @code{omp_unset_nest_lock} -- Unset nested lock
947
@table @asis
948
@item @emph{Description}:
949
A nested lock about to be unset must have been locked by @code{omp_set_nested_lock}
950
or @code{omp_test_nested_lock} before. In addition, the lock must be held by the
951
thread calling @code{omp_unset_nested_lock}. If the nesting count drops to zero, the
952
lock becomes unlocked. If one ore more threads attempted to set the lock before,
953
one of them is chosen to, again, set the lock for itself.
954
 
955
@item @emph{C/C++}:
956
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
957
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_unset_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *lock);}
958
@end multitable
959
 
960
@item @emph{Fortran}:
961
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
962
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_unset_nest_lock(lock)}
963
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(out) :: lock}
964
@end multitable
965
 
966
@item @emph{See also}:
967
@ref{omp_set_nest_lock}
968
 
969
@item @emph{Reference}:
970
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.4.
971
@end table
972
 
973
 
974
 
975
@node omp_destroy_nest_lock
976
@section @code{omp_destroy_nest_lock} -- Destroy nested lock
977
@table @asis
978
@item @emph{Description}:
979
Destroy a nested lock. In order to be destroyed, a nested lock must be
980
in the unlocked state and its nesting count must equal zero.
981
 
982
@item @emph{C/C++}:
983
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
984
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{void omp_destroy_nest_lock(omp_nest_lock_t *);}
985
@end multitable
986
 
987
@item @emph{Fortran}:
988
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
989
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{subroutine omp_destroy_nest_lock(lock)}
990
@item                   @tab @code{integer(omp_nest_lock_kind), intent(inout) :: lock}
991
@end multitable
992
 
993
@item @emph{See also}:
994
@ref{omp_init_lock}
995
 
996
@item @emph{Reference}:
997
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.3.2.
998
@end table
999
 
1000
 
1001
 
1002
@node omp_get_wtick
1003
@section @code{omp_get_wtick} -- Get timer precision
1004
@table @asis
1005
@item @emph{Description}:
1006
Gets the timer precision, i.e., the number of seconds between two
1007
successive clock ticks.
1008
 
1009
@item @emph{C/C++}:
1010
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
1011
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{double omp_get_wtick();}
1012
@end multitable
1013
 
1014
@item @emph{Fortran}:
1015
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
1016
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{double precision function omp_get_wtick()}
1017
@end multitable
1018
 
1019
@item @emph{See also}:
1020
@ref{omp_get_wtime}
1021
 
1022
@item @emph{Reference}:
1023
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.4.2.
1024
@end table
1025
 
1026
 
1027
 
1028
@node omp_get_wtime
1029
@section @code{omp_get_wtime} -- Elapsed wall clock time
1030
@table @asis
1031
@item @emph{Description}:
1032
Elapsed wall clock time in seconds. The time is measured per thread, no
1033
guarantee can bee made that two distinct threads measure the same time.
1034
Time is measured from some "time in the past". On POSIX compliant systems
1035
the seconds since the Epoch (00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970) are returned.
1036
 
1037
@item @emph{C/C++}:
1038
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
1039
@item @emph{Prototype}: @tab @code{double omp_get_wtime();}
1040
@end multitable
1041
 
1042
@item @emph{Fortran}:
1043
@multitable @columnfractions .20 .80
1044
@item @emph{Interface}: @tab @code{double precision function omp_get_wtime()}
1045
@end multitable
1046
 
1047
@item @emph{See also}:
1048
@ref{omp_get_wtick}
1049
 
1050
@item @emph{Reference}:
1051
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 3.4.1.
1052
@end table
1053
 
1054
 
1055
 
1056
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1057
@c Environment Variables
1058
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1059
 
1060
@node Environment Variables
1061
@chapter Environment Variables
1062
 
1063
The variables @env{OMP_DYNAMIC}, @env{OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS},
1064
@env{OMP_NESTED}, @env{OMP_NUM_THREADS}, @env{OMP_SCHEDULE},
1065
@env{OMP_STACKSIZE},@env{OMP_THREAD_LIMIT} and @env{OMP_WAIT_POLICY}
1066
are defined by section 4 of the OpenMP specifications in version 3.0,
1067
while @env{GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY} and @env{GOMP_STACKSIZE} are GNU
1068
extensions.
1069
 
1070
@menu
1071
* OMP_DYNAMIC::           Dynamic adjustment of threads
1072
* OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS:: Set the maximal number of nested parallel regions
1073
* OMP_NESTED::            Nested parallel regions
1074
* OMP_NUM_THREADS::       Specifies the number of threads to use
1075
* OMP_STACKSIZE::         Set default thread stack size
1076
* OMP_SCHEDULE::          How threads are scheduled
1077
* OMP_THREAD_LIMIT::      Set the maximal number of threads
1078
* OMP_WAIT_POLICY::       How waiting threads are handled
1079
* GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY::     Bind threads to specific CPUs
1080
* GOMP_STACKSIZE::        Set default thread stack size
1081
@end menu
1082
 
1083
 
1084
@node OMP_DYNAMIC
1085
@section @env{OMP_DYNAMIC} -- Dynamic adjustment of threads
1086
@cindex Environment Variable
1087
@table @asis
1088
@item @emph{Description}:
1089
Enable or disable the dynamic adjustment of the number of threads
1090
within a team. The value of this environment variable shall be
1091
@code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. If undefined, dynamic adjustment is
1092
disabled by default.
1093
 
1094
@item @emph{See also}:
1095
@ref{omp_set_dynamic}
1096
 
1097
@item @emph{Reference}:
1098
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 4.3
1099
@end table
1100
 
1101
 
1102
 
1103
@node OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS
1104
@section @env{OMP_MAX_ACTIVE_LEVELS} -- Set the maximal number of nested parallel regions
1105
@cindex Environment Variable
1106
@table @asis
1107
@item @emph{Description}:
1108
Specifies the initial value for the maximal number of nested parallel
1109
regions. The value of this variable shall be positive integer.
1110
If undefined, the number of active levels is unlimited.
1111
 
1112
@item @emph{See also}:
1113
@ref{omp_set_max_active_levels}
1114
 
1115
@item @emph{Reference}:
1116
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 4.7
1117
@end table
1118
 
1119
 
1120
 
1121
@node OMP_NESTED
1122
@section @env{OMP_NESTED} -- Nested parallel regions
1123
@cindex Environment Variable
1124
@cindex Implementation specific setting
1125
@table @asis
1126
@item @emph{Description}:
1127
Enable or disable nested parallel regions, i.e., whether team members
1128
are allowed to create new teams. The value of this environment variable
1129
shall be @code{TRUE} or @code{FALSE}. If undefined, nested parallel
1130
regions are disabled by default.
1131
 
1132
@item @emph{See also}:
1133
@ref{omp_set_nested}
1134
 
1135
@item @emph{Reference}:
1136
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 4.4
1137
@end table
1138
 
1139
 
1140
 
1141
@node OMP_NUM_THREADS
1142
@section @env{OMP_NUM_THREADS} -- Specifies the number of threads to use
1143
@cindex Environment Variable
1144
@cindex Implementation specific setting
1145
@table @asis
1146
@item @emph{Description}:
1147
Specifies the default number of threads to use in parallel regions. The
1148
value of this variable shall be positive integer. If undefined one thread
1149
per CPU online is used.
1150
 
1151
@item @emph{See also}:
1152
@ref{omp_set_num_threads}
1153
 
1154
@item @emph{Reference}:
1155
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 4.2
1156
@end table
1157
 
1158
 
1159
 
1160
@node OMP_SCHEDULE
1161
@section @env{OMP_SCHEDULE} -- How threads are scheduled
1162
@cindex Environment Variable
1163
@cindex Implementation specific setting
1164
@table @asis
1165
@item @emph{Description}:
1166
Allows to specify @code{schedule type} and @code{chunk size}.
1167
The value of the variable shall have the form: @code{type[,chunk]} where
1168
@code{type} is one of @code{static}, @code{dynamic}, @code{guided} or @code{auto}
1169
The optional @code{chunk} size shall be a positive integer. If undefined,
1170
dynamic scheduling and a chunk size of 1 is used.
1171
 
1172
@item @emph{See also}:
1173
@ref{omp_set_schedule}
1174
 
1175
@item @emph{Reference}:
1176
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, sections 2.5.1 and 4.1
1177
@end table
1178
 
1179
 
1180
 
1181
@node OMP_STACKSIZE
1182
@section @env{OMP_STACKSIZE} -- Set default thread stack size
1183
@cindex Environment Variable
1184
@table @asis
1185
@item @emph{Description}:
1186
Set the default thread stack size in kilobytes, unless the number
1187
is suffixed by @code{B}, @code{K}, @code{M} or @code{G}, in which
1188
case the size is, respectively, in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes
1189
or gigabytes. This is different from @code{pthread_attr_setstacksize}
1190
which gets the number of bytes as an argument. If the stacksize can not
1191
be set due to system constraints, an error is reported and the initial
1192
stacksize is left unchanged. If undefined, the stack size is system
1193
dependent.
1194
 
1195
@item @emph{Reference}:
1196
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, sections 4.5
1197
@end table
1198
 
1199
 
1200
 
1201
@node OMP_THREAD_LIMIT
1202
@section @env{OMP_THREAD_LIMIT} -- Set the maximal number of threads
1203
@cindex Environment Variable
1204
@table @asis
1205
@item @emph{Description}:
1206
Specifies the number of threads to use for the whole program. The
1207
value of this variable shall be positive integer. If undefined,
1208
the number of threads is not limited.
1209
 
1210
@item @emph{See also}:
1211
@ref{OMP_NUM_THREADS}
1212
@ref{omp_get_thread_limit}
1213
 
1214
@item @emph{Reference}:
1215
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, section 4.8
1216
@end table
1217
 
1218
 
1219
 
1220
@node OMP_WAIT_POLICY
1221
@section @env{OMP_WAIT_POLICY} -- How waiting threads are handled
1222
@cindex Environment Variable
1223
@table @asis
1224
@item @emph{Description}:
1225
Specifies whether waiting threads should be active or passive. If
1226
the value is @code{PASSIVE}, waiting threads should not consume CPU
1227
power while waiting; while the value is @code{ACTIVE} specifies that
1228
they should.
1229
 
1230
@item @emph{Reference}:
1231
@uref{http://www.openmp.org/, OpenMP specifications v3.0}, sections 4.6
1232
@end table
1233
 
1234
 
1235
 
1236
@node GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY
1237
@section @env{GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY} -- Bind threads to specific CPUs
1238
@cindex Environment Variable
1239
@table @asis
1240
@item @emph{Description}:
1241
Binds threads to specific CPUs. The variable should contain a space- or
1242
comma-separated list of CPUs. This list may contain different kind of
1243
entries: either single CPU numbers in any order, a range of CPUs (M-N)
1244
or a range with some stride (M-N:S). CPU numbers are zero based. For example,
1245
@code{GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY="0 3 1-2 4-15:2"} will bind the initial thread
1246
to CPU 0, the second to CPU 3, the third to CPU 1, the fourth to
1247
CPU 2, the fifth to CPU 4, the sixth through tenth to CPUs 6, 8, 10, 12,
1248
and 14 respectively and then start assigning back from the beginning of
1249
the list. @code{GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY=0} binds all threads to CPU 0.
1250
 
1251
There is no GNU OpenMP library routine to determine whether a CPU affinity
1252
specification is in effect. As a workaround, language-specific library
1253
functions, e.g., @code{getenv} in C or @code{GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE} in
1254
Fortran, may be used to query the setting of the @code{GOMP_CPU_AFFINITY}
1255
environment variable. A defined CPU affinity on startup cannot be changed
1256
or disabled during the runtime of the application.
1257
 
1258
If this environment variable is omitted, the host system will handle the
1259
assignment of threads to CPUs.
1260
@end table
1261
 
1262
 
1263
 
1264
@node GOMP_STACKSIZE
1265
@section @env{GOMP_STACKSIZE} -- Set default thread stack size
1266
@cindex Environment Variable
1267
@cindex Implementation specific setting
1268
@table @asis
1269
@item @emph{Description}:
1270
Set the default thread stack size in kilobytes. This is different from
1271
@code{pthread_attr_setstacksize} which gets the number of bytes as an
1272
argument. If the stacksize can not be set due to system constraints, an
1273
error is reported and the initial stacksize is left unchanged. If undefined,
1274
the stack size is system dependent.
1275
 
1276
@item @emph{See also}:
1277
@ref{GOMP_STACKSIZE}
1278
 
1279
@item @emph{Reference}:
1280
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2006-06/msg00493.html,
1281
GCC Patches Mailinglist},
1282
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2006-06/msg00496.html,
1283
GCC Patches Mailinglist}
1284
@end table
1285
 
1286
 
1287
 
1288
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1289
@c The libgomp ABI
1290
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1291
 
1292
@node The libgomp ABI
1293
@chapter The libgomp ABI
1294
 
1295
The following sections present notes on the external ABI as
1296
presented by libgomp. Only maintainers should need them.
1297
 
1298
@menu
1299
* Implementing MASTER construct::
1300
* Implementing CRITICAL construct::
1301
* Implementing ATOMIC construct::
1302
* Implementing FLUSH construct::
1303
* Implementing BARRIER construct::
1304
* Implementing THREADPRIVATE construct::
1305
* Implementing PRIVATE clause::
1306
* Implementing FIRSTPRIVATE LASTPRIVATE COPYIN and COPYPRIVATE clauses::
1307
* Implementing REDUCTION clause::
1308
* Implementing PARALLEL construct::
1309
* Implementing FOR construct::
1310
* Implementing ORDERED construct::
1311
* Implementing SECTIONS construct::
1312
* Implementing SINGLE construct::
1313
@end menu
1314
 
1315
 
1316
@node Implementing MASTER construct
1317
@section Implementing MASTER construct
1318
 
1319
@smallexample
1320
if (omp_get_thread_num () == 0)
1321
  block
1322
@end smallexample
1323
 
1324
Alternately, we generate two copies of the parallel subfunction
1325
and only include this in the version run by the master thread.
1326
Surely that's not worthwhile though...
1327
 
1328
 
1329
 
1330
@node Implementing CRITICAL construct
1331
@section Implementing CRITICAL construct
1332
 
1333
Without a specified name,
1334
 
1335
@smallexample
1336
  void GOMP_critical_start (void);
1337
  void GOMP_critical_end (void);
1338
@end smallexample
1339
 
1340
so that we don't get COPY relocations from libgomp to the main
1341
application.
1342
 
1343
With a specified name, use omp_set_lock and omp_unset_lock with
1344
name being transformed into a variable declared like
1345
 
1346
@smallexample
1347
  omp_lock_t gomp_critical_user_<name> __attribute__((common))
1348
@end smallexample
1349
 
1350
Ideally the ABI would specify that all zero is a valid unlocked
1351
state, and so we wouldn't actually need to initialize this at
1352
startup.
1353
 
1354
 
1355
 
1356
@node Implementing ATOMIC construct
1357
@section Implementing ATOMIC construct
1358
 
1359
The target should implement the @code{__sync} builtins.
1360
 
1361
Failing that we could add
1362
 
1363
@smallexample
1364
  void GOMP_atomic_enter (void)
1365
  void GOMP_atomic_exit (void)
1366
@end smallexample
1367
 
1368
which reuses the regular lock code, but with yet another lock
1369
object private to the library.
1370
 
1371
 
1372
 
1373
@node Implementing FLUSH construct
1374
@section Implementing FLUSH construct
1375
 
1376
Expands to the @code{__sync_synchronize} builtin.
1377
 
1378
 
1379
 
1380
@node Implementing BARRIER construct
1381
@section Implementing BARRIER construct
1382
 
1383
@smallexample
1384
  void GOMP_barrier (void)
1385
@end smallexample
1386
 
1387
 
1388
@node Implementing THREADPRIVATE construct
1389
@section Implementing THREADPRIVATE construct
1390
 
1391
In _most_ cases we can map this directly to @code{__thread}.  Except
1392
that OMP allows constructors for C++ objects.  We can either
1393
refuse to support this (how often is it used?) or we can
1394
implement something akin to .ctors.
1395
 
1396
Even more ideally, this ctor feature is handled by extensions
1397
to the main pthreads library.  Failing that, we can have a set
1398
of entry points to register ctor functions to be called.
1399
 
1400
 
1401
 
1402
@node Implementing PRIVATE clause
1403
@section Implementing PRIVATE clause
1404
 
1405
In association with a PARALLEL, or within the lexical extent
1406
of a PARALLEL block, the variable becomes a local variable in
1407
the parallel subfunction.
1408
 
1409
In association with FOR or SECTIONS blocks, create a new
1410
automatic variable within the current function.  This preserves
1411
the semantic of new variable creation.
1412
 
1413
 
1414
 
1415
@node Implementing FIRSTPRIVATE LASTPRIVATE COPYIN and COPYPRIVATE clauses
1416
@section Implementing FIRSTPRIVATE LASTPRIVATE COPYIN and COPYPRIVATE clauses
1417
 
1418
Seems simple enough for PARALLEL blocks.  Create a private
1419
struct for communicating between parent and subfunction.
1420
In the parent, copy in values for scalar and "small" structs;
1421
copy in addresses for others TREE_ADDRESSABLE types.  In the
1422
subfunction, copy the value into the local variable.
1423
 
1424
Not clear at all what to do with bare FOR or SECTION blocks.
1425
The only thing I can figure is that we do something like
1426
 
1427
@smallexample
1428
#pragma omp for firstprivate(x) lastprivate(y)
1429
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
1430
  body;
1431
@end smallexample
1432
 
1433
which becomes
1434
 
1435
@smallexample
1436
@{
1437
  int x = x, y;
1438
 
1439
  // for stuff
1440
 
1441
  if (i == n)
1442
    y = y;
1443
@}
1444
@end smallexample
1445
 
1446
where the "x=x" and "y=y" assignments actually have different
1447
uids for the two variables, i.e. not something you could write
1448
directly in C.  Presumably this only makes sense if the "outer"
1449
x and y are global variables.
1450
 
1451
COPYPRIVATE would work the same way, except the structure
1452
broadcast would have to happen via SINGLE machinery instead.
1453
 
1454
 
1455
 
1456
@node Implementing REDUCTION clause
1457
@section Implementing REDUCTION clause
1458
 
1459
The private struct mentioned in the previous section should have
1460
a pointer to an array of the type of the variable, indexed by the
1461
thread's @var{team_id}.  The thread stores its final value into the
1462
array, and after the barrier the master thread iterates over the
1463
array to collect the values.
1464
 
1465
 
1466
@node Implementing PARALLEL construct
1467
@section Implementing PARALLEL construct
1468
 
1469
@smallexample
1470
  #pragma omp parallel
1471
  @{
1472
    body;
1473
  @}
1474
@end smallexample
1475
 
1476
becomes
1477
 
1478
@smallexample
1479
  void subfunction (void *data)
1480
  @{
1481
    use data;
1482
    body;
1483
  @}
1484
 
1485
  setup data;
1486
  GOMP_parallel_start (subfunction, &data, num_threads);
1487
  subfunction (&data);
1488
  GOMP_parallel_end ();
1489
@end smallexample
1490
 
1491
@smallexample
1492
  void GOMP_parallel_start (void (*fn)(void *), void *data, unsigned num_threads)
1493
@end smallexample
1494
 
1495
The @var{FN} argument is the subfunction to be run in parallel.
1496
 
1497
The @var{DATA} argument is a pointer to a structure used to
1498
communicate data in and out of the subfunction, as discussed
1499
above with respect to FIRSTPRIVATE et al.
1500
 
1501
The @var{NUM_THREADS} argument is 1 if an IF clause is present
1502
and false, or the value of the NUM_THREADS clause, if
1503
present, or 0.
1504
 
1505
The function needs to create the appropriate number of
1506
threads and/or launch them from the dock.  It needs to
1507
create the team structure and assign team ids.
1508
 
1509
@smallexample
1510
  void GOMP_parallel_end (void)
1511
@end smallexample
1512
 
1513
Tears down the team and returns us to the previous @code{omp_in_parallel()} state.
1514
 
1515
 
1516
 
1517
@node Implementing FOR construct
1518
@section Implementing FOR construct
1519
 
1520
@smallexample
1521
  #pragma omp parallel for
1522
  for (i = lb; i <= ub; i++)
1523
    body;
1524
@end smallexample
1525
 
1526
becomes
1527
 
1528
@smallexample
1529
  void subfunction (void *data)
1530
  @{
1531
    long _s0, _e0;
1532
    while (GOMP_loop_static_next (&_s0, &_e0))
1533
    @{
1534
      long _e1 = _e0, i;
1535
      for (i = _s0; i < _e1; i++)
1536
        body;
1537
    @}
1538
    GOMP_loop_end_nowait ();
1539
  @}
1540
 
1541
  GOMP_parallel_loop_static (subfunction, NULL, 0, lb, ub+1, 1, 0);
1542
  subfunction (NULL);
1543
  GOMP_parallel_end ();
1544
@end smallexample
1545
 
1546
@smallexample
1547
  #pragma omp for schedule(runtime)
1548
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1549
    body;
1550
@end smallexample
1551
 
1552
becomes
1553
 
1554
@smallexample
1555
  @{
1556
    long i, _s0, _e0;
1557
    if (GOMP_loop_runtime_start (0, n, 1, &_s0, &_e0))
1558
      do @{
1559
        long _e1 = _e0;
1560
        for (i = _s0, i < _e0; i++)
1561
          body;
1562
      @} while (GOMP_loop_runtime_next (&_s0, _&e0));
1563
    GOMP_loop_end ();
1564
  @}
1565
@end smallexample
1566
 
1567
Note that while it looks like there is trickyness to propagating
1568
a non-constant STEP, there isn't really.  We're explicitly allowed
1569
to evaluate it as many times as we want, and any variables involved
1570
should automatically be handled as PRIVATE or SHARED like any other
1571
variables.  So the expression should remain evaluable in the
1572
subfunction.  We can also pull it into a local variable if we like,
1573
but since its supposed to remain unchanged, we can also not if we like.
1574
 
1575
If we have SCHEDULE(STATIC), and no ORDERED, then we ought to be
1576
able to get away with no work-sharing context at all, since we can
1577
simply perform the arithmetic directly in each thread to divide up
1578
the iterations.  Which would mean that we wouldn't need to call any
1579
of these routines.
1580
 
1581
There are separate routines for handling loops with an ORDERED
1582
clause.  Bookkeeping for that is non-trivial...
1583
 
1584
 
1585
 
1586
@node Implementing ORDERED construct
1587
@section Implementing ORDERED construct
1588
 
1589
@smallexample
1590
  void GOMP_ordered_start (void)
1591
  void GOMP_ordered_end (void)
1592
@end smallexample
1593
 
1594
 
1595
 
1596
@node Implementing SECTIONS construct
1597
@section Implementing SECTIONS construct
1598
 
1599
A block as
1600
 
1601
@smallexample
1602
  #pragma omp sections
1603
  @{
1604
    #pragma omp section
1605
    stmt1;
1606
    #pragma omp section
1607
    stmt2;
1608
    #pragma omp section
1609
    stmt3;
1610
  @}
1611
@end smallexample
1612
 
1613
becomes
1614
 
1615
@smallexample
1616
  for (i = GOMP_sections_start (3); i != 0; i = GOMP_sections_next ())
1617
    switch (i)
1618
      @{
1619
      case 1:
1620
        stmt1;
1621
        break;
1622
      case 2:
1623
        stmt2;
1624
        break;
1625
      case 3:
1626
        stmt3;
1627
        break;
1628
      @}
1629
  GOMP_barrier ();
1630
@end smallexample
1631
 
1632
 
1633
@node Implementing SINGLE construct
1634
@section Implementing SINGLE construct
1635
 
1636
A block like
1637
 
1638
@smallexample
1639
  #pragma omp single
1640
  @{
1641
    body;
1642
  @}
1643
@end smallexample
1644
 
1645
becomes
1646
 
1647
@smallexample
1648
  if (GOMP_single_start ())
1649
    body;
1650
  GOMP_barrier ();
1651
@end smallexample
1652
 
1653
while
1654
 
1655
@smallexample
1656
  #pragma omp single copyprivate(x)
1657
    body;
1658
@end smallexample
1659
 
1660
becomes
1661
 
1662
@smallexample
1663
  datap = GOMP_single_copy_start ();
1664
  if (datap == NULL)
1665
    @{
1666
      body;
1667
      data.x = x;
1668
      GOMP_single_copy_end (&data);
1669
    @}
1670
  else
1671
    x = datap->x;
1672
  GOMP_barrier ();
1673
@end smallexample
1674
 
1675
 
1676
 
1677
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1678
@c
1679
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1680
 
1681
@node Reporting Bugs
1682
@chapter Reporting Bugs
1683
 
1684
Bugs in the GNU OpenMP implementation should be reported via
1685
@uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/, bugzilla}. In all cases, please add
1686
"openmp" to the keywords field in the bug report.
1687
 
1688
 
1689
 
1690
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1691
@c GNU General Public License
1692
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1693
 
1694
@include gpl.texi
1695
 
1696
 
1697
 
1698
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1699
@c GNU Free Documentation License
1700
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1701
 
1702
@include fdl.texi
1703
 
1704
 
1705
 
1706
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1707
@c Funding Free Software
1708
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1709
 
1710
@include funding.texi
1711
 
1712
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1713
@c Index
1714
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
1715
 
1716
@node Index
1717
@unnumbered Index
1718
 
1719
@printindex cp
1720
 
1721
@bye

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