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@ignore
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@c Set file name and title for man page.
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@setfilename gpl
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@settitle GNU General Public License
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@c man begin SEEALSO
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gfdl(7), fsf-funding(7).
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@c man end
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@c man begin COPYRIGHT
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Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
11
 
12
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
13
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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@c man end
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@end ignore
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@node Copying
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@c man begin DESCRIPTION
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@appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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@center Version 2, June 1991
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@display
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Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
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25
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
26
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
27
@end display
28
 
29
@unnumberedsec Preamble
30
 
31
  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
32
freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
33
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
34
software---to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
35
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
36
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
37
using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
38
the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
39
your programs, too.
40
 
41
  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
42
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
43
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
44
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
45
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
46
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
47
 
48
  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
49
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
50
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
51
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
52
 
53
  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
54
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
55
you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
56
source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
57
rights.
58
 
59
  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
60
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
61
distribute and/or modify the software.
62
 
63
  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
64
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
65
software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
66
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
67
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
68
authors' reputations.
69
 
70
  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
71
patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
72
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
73
program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
74
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
75
 
76
  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
77
modification follow.
78
 
79
@iftex
80
@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,@*DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
83
@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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@end ifnottex
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86
@enumerate 0
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@item
88
This License applies to any program or other work which contains
89
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
90
under the terms of this General Public License.  The ``Program'', below,
91
refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
92
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
93
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
94
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
95
language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
96
the term ``modification''.)  Each licensee is addressed as ``you''.
97
 
98
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
99
covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
100
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
101
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
102
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
103
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
104
 
105
@item
106
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
107
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
108
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
109
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
110
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
111
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
112
along with the Program.
113
 
114
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
115
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
116
 
117
@item
118
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
119
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
120
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
121
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
122
 
123
@enumerate a
124
@item
125
You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
126
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
127
 
128
@item
129
You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
130
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
131
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
132
parties under the terms of this License.
133
 
134
@item
135
If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
136
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
137
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
138
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
139
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
140
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
141
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
142
License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
143
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
144
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
145
@end enumerate
146
 
147
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
148
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
149
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
150
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
151
sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
152
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
153
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
154
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
155
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
156
 
157
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
158
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
159
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
160
collective works based on the Program.
161
 
162
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
163
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
164
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
165
the scope of this License.
166
 
167
@item
168
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
169
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
170
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
171
 
172
@enumerate a
173
@item
174
Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
175
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
176
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
177
 
178
@item
179
Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
180
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
181
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
182
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
183
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
184
customarily used for software interchange; or,
185
 
186
@item
187
Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
188
to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
189
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
190
received the program in object code or executable form with such
191
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
192
@end enumerate
193
 
194
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
195
making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
196
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
197
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
198
control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
199
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
200
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
201
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
202
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
203
itself accompanies the executable.
204
 
205
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
206
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
207
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
208
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
209
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
210
 
211
@item
212
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
213
except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
214
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
215
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
216
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
217
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
218
parties remain in full compliance.
219
 
220
@item
221
You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
222
signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
223
distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
224
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
225
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
226
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
227
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
228
the Program or works based on it.
229
 
230
@item
231
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
232
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
233
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
234
these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
235
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
236
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
237
this License.
238
 
239
@item
240
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
241
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
242
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
243
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
244
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
245
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
246
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
247
may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
248
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
249
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
250
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
251
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
252
 
253
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
254
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
255
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
256
circumstances.
257
 
258
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
259
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
260
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
261
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
262
implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
263
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
264
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
265
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
266
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
267
impose that choice.
268
 
269
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
270
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
271
 
272
@item
273
If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
274
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
275
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
276
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
277
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
278
countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
279
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
280
 
281
@item
282
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
283
of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
284
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
285
address new problems or concerns.
286
 
287
Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
288
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
289
later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
290
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
291
Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
292
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
293
Foundation.
294
 
295
@item
296
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
297
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
298
to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
299
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
300
make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
301
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
302
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
303
 
304
@iftex
305
@heading NO WARRANTY
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@end iftex
307
@ifnottex
308
@center NO WARRANTY
309
@end ifnottex
310
 
311
@item
312
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
313
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
314
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
315
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
316
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
317
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
318
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
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PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
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REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
321
 
322
@item
323
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
324
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
325
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
326
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
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OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
328
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
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YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
330
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
331
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
332
@end enumerate
333
 
334
@iftex
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@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
336
@end iftex
337
@ifnottex
338
@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
339
@end ifnottex
340
 
341
@page
342
@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
343
 
344
  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
345
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
346
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
347
 
348
  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
349
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
350
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
351
the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
352
 
353
@smallexample
354
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
355
Copyright (C) @var{year}  @var{name of author}
356
 
357
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
358
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
359
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
360
(at your option) any later version.
361
 
362
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
363
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
364
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
365
GNU General Public License for more details.
366
 
367
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
368
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
369
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
370
Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
371
@end smallexample
372
 
373
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
374
 
375
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
376
when it starts in an interactive mode:
377
 
378
@smallexample
379
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
380
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
381
type `show w'.
382
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
383
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
384
@end smallexample
385
 
386
The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
387
the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
388
commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
389
@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
390
suits your program.
391
 
392
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
393
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
394
necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
395
 
396
@smallexample
397
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
398
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
399
 
400
@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
401
Ty Coon, President of Vice
402
@end smallexample
403
 
404
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
405
proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
406
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
407
library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
408
Public License instead of this License.
409
@c man end

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