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\input texinfo      @c -*-texinfo-*-

@c Copyright (C) 2008 Embecosm Limited

@c

@c %**start of header

@c makeinfo ignores cmds prev to setfilename, so its arg cannot make use

@c of @set vars.  However, you can override filename with makeinfo -o.

@setfilename or1k.info

@c

@include gdb-cfg.texi

@c

@settitle Debugging the OpenRISC 1000 with @value{GDBN}

@setchapternewpage odd

@c %**end of header

@iftex

@c @smallbook

@c @cropmarks

@end iftex

@finalout

@syncodeindex ky cp

@c readline appendices use @vindex, @findex and @ftable,

@c annotate.texi and gdbmi use @findex.

@syncodeindex vr cp

@syncodeindex fn cp

@c !!set manual's edition!

@set EDITION Second

@c !!set GDB edit command default editor

@set EDITOR /bin/ex

@c THIS MANUAL REQUIRES TEXINFO 4.0 OR LATER.

@c This is a dir.info fragment to support semi-automated addition of

@c manuals to an info tree.

@dircategory Software development

@direntry

* Gdb for OpenRISC 1000: (gdb for Or1K).   The GNU debugger for OpenRISC 1000.

@end direntry

@ifinfo

This file documents the @sc{gnu} debugger @value{GDBN} when used with

OpenRISC 1000 processors.

This is the @value{EDITION} Edition, of @cite{Debugging the OpenRISC 1000

@value{GDBN}} for @value{GDBN}

Version @value{GDBVN}.

Copyright (C) 2008 Embecosm Limited

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 3 or

any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the

Front-Cover Texts being ``Debugging the OpenRISC 1000 with GDB by

Jeremy Bennett'' and with the Back-Cover Texts being ``You are free to

copy and modify this Manual.''

@end ifinfo

@titlepage

@title Debugging the OpenRISC 1000 with @value{GDBN}

@subtitle Target Processor Manual

@sp 1

@subtitle @value{EDITION} Edition, for @value{GDBN} version @value{GDBVN}

@author Jeremy Bennett, Embecosm Limited

@page

@tex

{\parskip=0pt

\hfill Please report bugs using the OpenCores tracker:\par

\hfill @uref{www.opencores.org/ptracker.cgi/list/or1k}.\par

\hfill {\it Debugging the OpenRISC 1000 with @value{GDBN}}\par

\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par

}

@end tex

@vskip 0pt plus 1filll

Copyright @copyright{} 2008

Embecosm Limited.

@sp 2

Published by Embecosm Limited@*

68 Hambledon Road

Bournemouth BH7 6PJ, UK@*

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 3 or

any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the

Front-Cover Texts being ``Debugging the OpenRISC 1000 with GDB by

Jeremy Bennett'' and with the Back-Cover Texts being ``You are free to

copy and modify this Manual.''

@end titlepage

@page

@ifnottex

@node Top, Summary, (dir), (dir)

@top Debugging the OpenRISC 1000 with @value{GDBN}

This file describes @value{GDBN}, the @sc{gnu} symbolic debugger for

use with the OpenRISC 1000 processor architecture.

This is the @value{EDITION} Edition, for @value{GDBN} Version

@value{GDBVN}.

Copyright (C) 2008 Embecosm Limited

@menu

* Summary::                         Summary of @value{GDBN} with OpenRISC 1000

* Connecting to the Target::        Connecting to an OpenRISC 1000 Target

* OpenRISC 1000 Specific Commands:: Commands just for the OpenRISC 1000

* OpenRISC 1000 Example::           A small example

* OpenRISC 1000 Limitations::       Known problems

* Copying::                         GNU General Public License says

                                    how you can copy and share GDB

* GNU Free Documentation License::  The license for this documentation

* Index::                           Index

@end menu

@end ifnottex

@contents

@node Summary

@unnumbered Summary of @value{GDBN} with OpenRISC 1000

@cindex Overview

@cindex Summary

@value{GDBN} is described well in its user manual, ``Debugging with GDB: The

GNU Source-Level Debugger''.

@cindex RSP

@cindex Remote Serial Protocol

This manual describes how to use @value{GDBN} to debug C programs cross

compiled for and running on processors using the OpenRISC 1000

architecture. In general @value{GDBN} does not run on the actual target, but

on a separate host processor. It communicates with the target via the

@value{GDBN} @dfn{Remote Serial Protocol} (@acronym{RSP}).

@cindex JTAG

@cindex jtag, target

@cindex target jtag

For backwards compatibility, @value{GDBN} for OpenRISC also supports the

legacy custom remote protocol, which drives the JTAG interface on the OpenRISC

1000.  This is provided by adding a special target, ``jtag'' to @value{GDBN},

allowing the debugger to connect via the JTAG interface. @xref{Connecting to

the Target,,Connecting to the Target}.

@cindex SPR

@cindex Special Purpose Registers

@cindex @command{spr} command

@cindex commands, @command{spr}

@cindex @command{info spr} command

@cindex commands, @command{info spr}

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 specific commands

@cindex commands, OpenRISC 1000 specific

In addition the info command is extended to allow inspection of

OpenRISC 1000 Special Purpose registers, and a new command ``spr'' is

added to set the value of a Special Purpose Register. @xref{OpenRISC 1000

Specific Commands,,OpenRISC 1000 Specific Commands}.

@cindex @command{info registers} command  for OpenRISC 1000

@cindex commands, @command{info registers} for OpenRISC 1000

All the normal GDB commands should work, although hardware watchpoints are not

tested at present. The @command{info registers} command will show the 32 general

purpose registers, while the @command{info registers all} command will add the

program counter, supervision register and exception program counter register.

@iftex

Throughout this document, user input is emphasised like this: @command{input},

program output is show like this: @code{Hello World!}.

@end iftex

@cindex graphical debugging

@cindex graphical debugging, @command{gdbtui}

@cindex graphical debugging, @command{ddd}

@cindex @command{gdbtui}

@cindex @command{ddd}

For those who like their debugging graphical, the @command{gdbtui} command is

available (typically as @command{or32-uclinux-gdbtui}). @value{GDBN} for

OpenRISC 1000 can also be run under @command{ddd} as follows:

@example

@command{ddd --debugger=or32-uclinux-gdb --gdb}

@end example

@menu

* Contributors::                Contributors to GDB for the OpenRISC 1000

@end menu

@node Contributors

@unnumberedsec Contributors to @value{GDBN} for the OpenRISC 1000

The pantheon of contributors to GDB over the years is recorded in the main

user manual, `Debugging with GDB: The GNU Source-Level Debugger''.

@cindex contributors, OpenRISC 1000

There is no official history of contributors to the OpenRISC 1000

version. However the current author believes the original GDB 5.0 and 5.3

ports were the work of:

@itemize @bullet

@item

@cindex Ivan Guzvinex

@cindex Guzvinex, Ivan

@cindex Johan Rydverg

@cindex Rydverg, Johan

@cindex Binary File Description library

@cindex BFD

Ivan Guzvinec and Johan Rydverg at OpenCores, who wrote the Binary File

Descriptor library;

@item

@cindex Alessandro Forin

@cindex Forin, Alessandro

@cindex Per Bothner

@cindex Bothner, Per

@cindex GDB interface, OpenRISC 1000

Alessandro Forin at Carnegie-Mellon University and Per Bothner at the University

of Wisconsin who wrote the main GDB interface; and

@item

@cindex Mark Mlinar

@cindex Mlinar, Mark

@cindex Chris Ziomkowski

@cindex Ziomkowski, Chris

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 JTAG interface

@cindex JTAG, OpenRISC 1000 interface

Mark Mlinar at Cygnus Support and Chris Ziomkowski at ASICS.ws,who wrote the

OpenRISC JTAG interface.

@end itemize

@cindex Jeremy Bennett

@cindex Bennett, Jeremy

@cindex Embecosm

The port to @value{GDBN} @value{GDBVN} is the work of Jeremy Bennett

of Embecosm Limited (jeremy.bennett@@embecosm.com).

@quotation Plea

@cindex contributors, unknown

If you know of anyone who has been omitted from this list, please email the

current author, so the omission can be corrected, and credit given where it is

due.

@end quotation

@node Connecting to the Target

@chapter Connecting to an OpenRISC 1000 Target

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting

@cindex target, OpenRISC 1000, connecting

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target

There are two ways to connect to an OpenRISC 1000 target with GDB.

@enumerate

@item

@cindex @command{target jtag} command

@cindex commands, @command{target jtag}

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, local connecting

@cindex target, local, OpenRISC 1000, connecting

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target, local

@cindex local OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, direct connecting

@cindex target, direct, OpenRISC 1000, connecting

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target, direct

@cindex direct OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting

To hardware directly connected via a JP1 header linked to the parallel

port. This uses the @value{GDBN} command @command{target jtag}.

@item

@cindex @command{target remote} command

@cindex commands, @command{target remote}

@cindex @command{target extended-remote} command

@cindex commands, @command{target extended-remote}

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, remote connecting via RSP

@cindex target, remote, OpenRISC 1000, connecting via RSP

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target, remote via RSP

@cindex remote OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting via RSP

Via a TCP/IP socket to a machine which has the hardware connected, or

is running the architectural simulator using the standard @value{GDBN}

@dfn{Remote Serial Protocol}. This uses the @value{GDBN} commands

@command{target remote} or @command{target extended-remote}.

@item

@cindex @command{target jtag} command

@cindex commands, @command{target jtag}

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, remote connecting via JTAG

@cindex target, remote, OpenRISC 1000, connecting via JTAG

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target, remote via JTAG

@cindex remote OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting via JTAG

Via a TCP/IP socket to a machine which has the hardware connected, or

is running the architectural simulator using the custom OpenRISC 1000 Remote

JTAG protocol. This uses the @value{GDBN} command @command{target jtag}.

@quotation Note

This connection mechanism is deprecated. It remains for backward compatibility

only.

@end quotation

@end enumerate

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 Architectural Simulator

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 Architectural Simulator, patch

@cindex patch, OpenRISC 1000 Architectural Simulator

@cindex Or1ksim

@cindex Or1ksim, patch

@cindex patch, Or1ksim

@quotation Caution

If used with version 0.2.0 of the architectural simulator, Or1ksim,

@value{GDBN} version @value{GDBVN} requires a patch to be applied to the

architectural simulator. This should be available on the OpenCores website, or

contact the author directly. Only the legacy OpenRISC 1000 Remote JTAG

Protocol interface is available for this version of the architectural

simualtor.

The user is strongly recommended to use Or1ksim 0.3.0 or later, since this

interfaces directly to @value{GDBN} using the @dfn{Remote Serial Protocol}.

@end quotation

@menu

* Direct JTAG Connection::            Direct connection via a JTAG JP1

                                      interface

* Remote Serial Protocol Connection:: Connection via the @value{GDBN} Remote

                                      Serial Protocol Interface

* Remote JTAG Connection::            Connection via the OpenRISC 1000 Remote

                                      JTAG Interface

@end menu

@node Direct JTAG Connection

@section Direct connection via a JTAG JP1 Interface

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, local connecting

@cindex target, local, OpenRISC 1000, connecting

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target, local

@cindex local OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, direct connecting

@cindex target, direct, OpenRISC 1000, connecting

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target, direct

@cindex direct OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting

In this case the the device to which the JP1 header is connected must be

specifed to the @command{target jtag} command. Typically that will be the

parallel printer port, so the command would be:

@cindex local @command{target jtag} command

@cindex direct @command{target jtag} command

@cindex @command{target jtag} command, local

@cindex @command{target jtag} command, direct

@cindex commands, @command{target jtag}, local

@cindex commands, @command{target jtag}, direct

@cindex local target specification

@cindex direct target specification

@cindex target specification, local

@cindex target specification, direct

@example

@command{target jtag /dev/lp}

@end example

@cindex @command{target jtag} command, local, testing

@cindex @command{target jtag} command, direct, testing

@cindex commands, @command{target jtag}, local, testing

@cindex commands, @command{target jtag}, direct, testing

@quotation Caution

The current author is not aware of anyone using the JP1

interface. As a result this code has not been tested in the port to

@value{GDBN} version @value{GDBVN}. Modern hardware connections are usually via

interfaces such as USB, for which the OpenRISC Remote Interface can be used

(@pxref{Remote JTAG Connection,,Remote JTAG Connection}).

@end quotation

@node Remote Serial Protocol Connection

@section Connection via the @value{GDBN} Remote Serial Protocol

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, remote connecting via RSP

@cindex target, remote, OpenRISC 1000, connecting via RSP

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target, remote via RSP

@cindex remote OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting via RSP

The usual mode of operation is through the @value{GDBN} @dfn{Remote Serial

Protocol} (@acronym{RSP}). This communicates to the target through a TCP/IP

socket. The target must then implement the server side of the interface to

drive either physical hardware (for example through a USB/JTAG connector) or a

simulation of the hardware (such as the OpenRISC Architectural Simulator).

Although referred to as a @emph{remote} interface, the target may actually

be on the same machine, just running in a separate process, with its own

terminal window.

For example, to connect to the OpenRISC 1000 Architectural simulator, which is

running on machine ``thomas'' and has been configured to talk to @value{GDBN}

on port 51000, the following command would be used:

@cindex remote @command{target jtag} command

@cindex @command{target jtag} command, remote

@cindex commands, @command{target jtag}, remote

@cindex remote target specification for RSP

@cindex target specification for RSP

@example

@command{target remote thomas:51000}

@end example

The target machine is specified as the machine name and port number. If the

architectural simulator was running on the same machine, its name may be

omitted, thus:

@cindex remote target specification, same machine for RSP

@cindex target specification for RSP, same machine

@example

@command{target remote :51000}

@end example

@node Remote JTAG Connection

@section Connection via the OpenRISC 1000 Remote JTAG Interface

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 target, remote connecting

@cindex target, remote, OpenRISC 1000, connecting

@cindex connecting, OpenRISC 1000 target, remote

@cindex remote OpenRISC 1000 target, connecting

Historically, @value{GDBN} communicated with remote OpenRISC 1000 targets

using a customer protocol, the @dfn{OpenRISC 1000 Remote JTAG

Interface}.

This protocol is maintained for backwards compatibility, but is now

deprecated. It communicates to the target through a TCP/IP socket. The target

must then implement the client side of the interface to drive either physical

hardware (for example through a USB/JTAG connector) or a simulation of the

hardware (such as the OpenRISC Architectural Simulator).

Although referred to as the @emph{remote} interface, the target may actually

be on the same machine, just running in a separate process, with its own

terminal window.

For example, to connect to the OpenRISC 1000 Architectural simulator, which is

running on machine ``thomas'' and has been configured to talk to @value{GDBN}

on port 50000, I could use the command:

@cindex remote @command{target jtag} command

@cindex @command{target jtag} command, remote

@cindex commands, @command{target jtag}, remote

@cindex remote target specification

@cindex target specification, remote

@example

@command{target jtag jtag://thomas:50000}

@end example

The target machine is specified after the @b{jtag://} and separated from the

target port by a colon. If the architectural simulator was running on the same

machine, just @b{locahost} would suffice as the machine name, thus:

@cindex remote target specification, same machine

@cindex target specification, same machine

@example

@command{target jtag jtag://localhost:50000}

@end example

@cindex Igor Mohor

@cindex Mohor, Igor

@cindex Debug interface types

Unfortunately there are now two different flavours of the JTAG

interface used with OpenRISC 1000. The original version was created

for use with the OpenRISC 1000 System-on-Chip, @b{ORPSoC}. A new

(smaller and simpler) JTAG interface was developed by Igor Mohor in

2004, which is used on some designs.

The default behavior of @value{GDBN} is to use the original ORPSoC

version of the interface for backwards compatibility. @value{GDBN} can

use the Igor Mohor version by specifying for example:

@example

@command{target jtag jtag_mohor://localhost:50000}

@end example

This interface is only available with remote connections using the legacy

OpenRISC 1000 Remote JTAG Protocol (deprecated). The direct JP1 interface can

support only the ORPSoC version of JTAG.

The recommended approach is to use the @value{GDBN} @dfn{Remote Serial

Protocol} which interfaces directly to the simulator, and is independent of

the JTAG implementation used.

For completeness

@example

@command{target jtag jtag_orpsoc://localhost:50000}

@end example

is provided as a synonym for:

@example

@command{target jtag jtag://localhost:50000}

@end example

@cindex reset

@cindex resetting the target

@cindex target reset

By default, establishing a connection @emph{does not} reset the target. This

allows debugging to resume a partially complete program on connection. If a

reset is required, the keyworkd @command{RESET} (case insensitive) may be

added at the end of the @command{target} command. For example:

@example

@command{target jtag jtag://localhost:50000 reset}

@end example

@cindex robustness, OpenRISC remote JTAG interface

@cindex JTAG, robustness or remote interface

@cindex Remote Serial Protocol

@cindex RSP

@quotation Warning

The OpenRISC remote JTAG interface is not particularly robust. In particular

dropping and reconnecting sessions does not seem to work well. This was a key

factor in its replacement by the generic @value{GDBN} Remote Serial Interface.

@end quotation

@node OpenRISC 1000 Specific Commands

@chapter Commands just for the OpenRISC 1000

@cindex @command{info spr} command

@cindex @command{spr} command

@cindex commands, @command{info spr}

@cindex commands, @command{spr} command

@cindex custom commands, OpenRISC 1000

@cindex OpenRISC 1000, custom commands

The OpenRISC 1000 has one particular feature that is difficult for

@value{GDBN}. @value{GDBN} models target processors with a register

bank and a block of memory. The internals of @value{GDBN} assume that

there are not a huge number of registers in total.

The OpenRISC 1000 Special Purpose Registers (SPR) do not really fit well into

this structure. There are too many of them (12 groups each with 2000+ entries

so far, with up to 32 groups permitted) to be implemented as ordinary

registers in @value{GDBN}. Think what this would mean for the command

@command{info registers all}. However they cannot be considered memory, since

they do not reside in the main memory map.

The solution is to add two new commands to @value{GDBN} to see the value of a

particular SPR and to set the value of a particular SPR.

@enumerate

@item

@command{info spr} is used to show the value of a SPR or group of SPRs.

@item

@command{spr} is used to set the value of an individual SPR.

@end enumerate

@menu

* Reading SPRs::            Using the ``info spr'' command

* Writing SPRs::            Using the spr command

@end menu

@node Reading SPRs

@section Using the @command{info spr} Command

@cindex @command{info spr} command

@cindex commands, @command{info spr}

@cindex @command{info spr} command, argument specification

@cindex @command{info spr} command, single register

The value of an SPR is read by specifying either the unique name of the SPR,

or the its group and index in that group. For example the Debug Reason

Register (@code{DRR}, register 21 in group 6 (Debug)) can be read using any of

the following commands:

@example

@command{info spr DRR}

@command{info spr debug DRR}

@command{info spr debug 21}

@command{info spr 6 DRR}

@command{info spr 6 21}

@end example

In each case the output will be:

@example

@code{DEBUG.DRR = SPR6_21 = 0 (0x0)}

@end example

@cindex @command{info spr} command, argument specification

@cindex @command{info spr} command, complete group

It is also possible to inspect all the registers in a group. For example to

look at all the Programmable Interrupt Controller registers (group 9), either

of the following commands could be used:

@example

@command{info spr PIC}

@command{info spr 9}

@end example

And the output would be:

@example

@code{PIC.PICMR = SPR9_0 = 0 (0x9)}

@code{PIC.PICSR = SPR9_2 = 0 (0x8)}

@end example

Indicating that interrupts 0 and 4 are enabled and interrupt 4 is pending.

@node Writing SPRs

@section Using the @command{spr} Command

@cindex @command{spr} command

@cindex commands, @command{spr} command

@cindex @command{spr} command, argument specification

The value of an SPR is written by specifying the unique name of the SPR or its

group and index in the same manner as for the @command{info spr} command. An

additional argument specifies the value to be written. So for example the

Programmable Interrupt Controller mask register could be changed to enable

interrupts 5 and 3 only by any of the following commands.

@example

@command{spr PICMR 0x24}

@command{spr PIC PICMR 0x24}

@command{spr PIC 0 0x24}

@command{spr 9 PICMR 0x24}

@command{spr 9 2 0x24}

@end example

@node OpenRISC 1000 Example

@chapter A Small Example

@cindex examples

@cindex examples, Hello World

@cindex Hello World example

A simple ``Hello World'' program (what else) is used to show the basics

@cindex examples

@cindex examples, Hello World

@cindex Hello World example

This is the cannonical small program. Here is the main program and its two

subprograms (added to demonstrate a meaningful backtrace).

@example

void level2() @{

  simexit( 0 );

@}

void level1() @{

  level2();

@}

main()

@{

  int  i;

  int  j;

  simputs( "Hello World!\n" );

  level1();

@}

@end example

It is linked with a program providing the utility functions @code{simexit},

@code{simputc} and @code{simprints}.

@example

void  simexit( int  rc )

@{

  __asm__ __volatile__ ( "\tl.nop\t%0" : : "K"( NOP_EXIT ));

@}      /* simexit() */

void  simputc( int  c )

@{

  __asm__ __volatile__ ( "\tl.nop\t%0" : : "K"( NOP_PUTC ));

@}      /* simputc() */

void  simputs( char *str )

@{

  int  i;

  for( i = 0; str[i] != '\0' ; i++ ) @{

    simputc( (int)(str[i]) );

  @}

@}      /* simputs() */

@end example

Finally, a small bootloader is needed, which will be placed at the OpenRISC

reset vector location (0x100) to set up a stack and jump to the main program.

@example

        .org    0x100           # The reset routine goes at 0x100

        .global _start

_start:

        l.addi  r1,r0,0x7f00    # Set SP to value 0x7f00

        l.addi  r2,r1,0x0       # FP and SP are the same

        l.mfspr r3,r0,17        # Get SR value

        l.ori   r3,r3,0x10      # Set exception enable bit

        l.jal   _main           # Jump to main routine

        l.mtspr r0,r3,17        # Enable exceptions (DELAY SLOT)

        .org    0xFFC

        l.nop                   # Guarantee the exception vector space

                                # does not have general purpose code

@end example

This is compiled and linked with the OpenRISC 1000 @sc{gnu} toolchain. Note

that the linking must specify the bootloader first and use the @code{-Ttext

0x0} argument.

@cindex OpenRISC 1000 Architectural Simulator, configuration

@cindex configuration, OpenRISC 1000 Architectural Simulator

@cindex Or1ksim, configuration

@cindex configuration, Or1ksim

The Or1ksim architectural simulator is configured with memory starting at

location 0x0. The debugging interface is enabled by using a debug section.

@example

section debug

  enabled         =          1

  gdb_enabled     =          1

  server_port     =      50000

end

@end example

The architectural simulator is started in its own terminal window. If the

configuration is in @code{rsp.cfg}, then the command might be:

@example

@command{or32-uclinux-sim -f rsp.cfg}

Reading script file from 'rsp.cfg'...

Building automata... done, num uncovered: 0/213.

Parsing operands data... done.

Resetting memory controller.

Resetting PIC.

@end example

Note that no program is specified - that will be loaded from @value{GDBN}.

In a separate window start up @value{GDBN}.

@example

@command{or32-uclinux-gdb}

@end example

A local copy of the symbol table is needed, specified with the @command{file}

command.

@cindex examples, symbol file loading

@cindex symbol file loading

@cindex symbols when remote debugging

@example

Building automata... done, num uncovered: 0/216.

Parsing operands data... done.

GNU gdb 6.8

Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"

and "show warranty" for details.

This GDB was configured as "--host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=or32-uclinux".

(gdb) @command{file hello}

Reading symbols from /home/jeremy/svntrunk/GNU/gdb-6.8/progs_or32/hello...done.

(gdb)

@end example

@cindex examples, remote @command{target remote} command

@cindex remote @command{target remote} command, example

@cindex @command{target remote} command, remote, example

@cindex commands, @command{target remote}, remote, example

@cindex examples, remote target specification via RSP

@cindex remote target specification via RSP, example

@cindex target specification, remote via RSP, example

The connection to the target (the architectural simulator) is then

established, using the port number given in the configuration file.

@example

(gdb) @command{target remote :51000}

Remote debugging using :51000

0x00000100 in _start ()

(gdb)

@end example

@cindex examples, program loading

@cindex program loading

@cindex program loading, example

@cindex program loading, remote

@cindex remote program loading, example

The program of interest can now be loaded:

@example

(gdb) @command{load hello}

Loading section .text, size 0x1290 lma 0x0

Loading section .rodata, size 0xe lma 0x1290

Start address 0x100, load size 4766

Transfer rate: 5 KB/sec, 238 bytes/write.

(gdb)

@end example

The program does not immediately start running, since on opening the

connection to the target, Or1ksim stalls.

@cindex examples, @command{bt} command

@cindex @command{bt} command example

@cindex commands, @command{bt}, example

@cindex examples, @command{info spr} command

@cindex @command{info spr} command example

@cindex commands, @command{info spr}, example

All the GDB commands (including the SPR commands are available). For example

@example

(gdb) @command{bt}

#0  0x00000100 in _start ()

(gdb) @command{info spr 0 17}

SYS.SR = SPR0_17 = 32769 (0x8001)

(gdb)

@end example

The Supervision Register shows the target is in Supervisor Mode and that SPRs

have User Mode read access.

@emph{Note.} The supervision register is used to provide the value for the

@value{GDBN} @code{$ps} processor status variable, so can also be accessed as:

@example

(gdb) @command{print $ps}

$1 = 32769

(gdb)

@end example

@cindex examples, @command{breakpoint} command

@cindex @command{breakpoint} command example

@cindex commands, @command{breakpoint}, example

@cindex examples, @command{continue} command

@cindex @command{continue} command example

@cindex commands, @command{continue}, example

@cindex continuening the remote program

@cindex examples, continuing a program

For this example set a breakpoint at the start of main and then continue the

program

@example

(gdb) @command{break main}

Breakpoint 1 at 0x1264: file hello.c, line 41.

(gdb) @command{continue}

Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, main () at hello.c:41

41        simputs( "Hello World!\n" );

(gdb)

@end example

@cindex examples, @command{step} command

@cindex @command{step} command example

@cindex commands, @command{step}, example

It is now possible to step through the code:

@example

(gdb) @command{step}

simputs (str=0x1290 "Hello World!\n") at utils.c:90

90        for( i = 0; str[i] != '\0' ; i++ ) @{

(gdb) @command{step}

91          simputc( (int)(str[i]) );

(gdb) @command{step}

simputc (c=72) at utils.c:58

58        __asm__ __volatile__ ( "\tl.nop\t%0" : : "K"( NOP_PUTC ));

(gdb)

@end example

@cindex examples, @command{bt} command

@cindex @command{bt} command example

@cindex commands, @command{bt}, example

At this point a backtrace will show where the code has reached:

@example

(gdb) @command{bt}

#0  simputc (c=72) at utils.c:58

#1  0x000011cc in simputs (str=0x1290 "Hello World!\n") at utils.c:91

#2  0x00001274 in main () at hello.c:41

#3  0x00000118 in _start ()

(gdb)

@end example

One more step completes the call to the character output routine. Inspecting

the terminal running the Or1ksim simulation, shows the output appearing:

@example

JTAG Proxy server started on port 50000

Resetting PIC.

H

@end example

@cindex examples, @command{continue} command

@cindex @command{continue} command example

@cindex commands, @command{continue}, example

Let the program run to completion by giving @value{GDBN} the continue command:

@example

(gdb) @command{continue}

Continuing.

Remote connection closed

(gdb)

@end example

@cindex remote program termination

With completion of the program, the terminal running Or1ksim shows its final

output:

@example

Resetting PIC.

Hello World!

exit(0)

@@reset : cycles 0, insn #0

@@exit  : cycles 215892308, insn #215891696

 diff  : cycles 215892308, insn #215891696

@end example

@cindex remote program restart

@cindex restart, remote program

@cindex examples, @command{set} command

@cindex @command{set} command example

@cindex commands, @command{set}, example

When execution exits (by execution of a @code{l.nop 1}), the connection to the

target is automatically broken as the simulator exits.

@node OpenRISC 1000 Limitations

@chapter Known Problems

@cindex known problems

@cindex OpenRISC 1000, known GDB problems

@cindex bugs

There are some known problems with the current implementation

@enumerate

@item

@cindex known problems, watchpoints

@cindex bugs, watchpoints

If the OpenRISC 1000 Architecture supports hardware watchpoints, @value{GDBN}

will use them to implement hardware breakpoints and watchpoints. @value{GDBN}

is not perfect in handling of watchpoints. It is possible to allocate hardware

watchpoints and not discover until running that sufficient watchpoints are not

available. It is also possible that GDB will report watchpoints being hit

spuriously. This can be down to the assembly code having additional memory

accesses that are not obviously reflected in the source code.

@item

@cindex known problems, remote JTAG connection robustness

@cindex bugs, remote JTAG connection robustness

@cindex JTAG, remote connection robustness

@cindex remote JTAG, connection robustness

The remote JTAG connection is not robust to being interrupted, or

reconnecting. If the connection is lost due to error, then you must restart

GDB and the target server (for example the Or1ksim architectural

simulator). Moving to the Remote Serial Protocol is intended to remedy this

problem in the future.