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* Gdb-Internals: (gdbint).      The GNU debugger's internals.

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   Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000,

2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software

Foundation, Inc.  Contributed by Cygnus Solutions.  Written by John

Gilmore.  Second Edition by Stan Shebs.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or

any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no

Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover

Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU

Free Documentation License".

   This file documents the internals of the GNU debugger GDB.

   Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000,

2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software

Foundation, Inc.  Contributed by Cygnus Solutions.  Written by John

Gilmore.  Second Edition by Stan Shebs.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or

any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no

Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover

Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU

Free Documentation License".

File: gdbint.info,  Node: GDB Observers,  Next: GNU Free Documentation License,  Prev: Hints,  Up: Top

Appendix A GDB Currently available observers

********************************************

A.1 Implementation rationale

============================

An "observer" is an entity which is interested in being notified when

GDB reaches certain states, or certain events occur in GDB.  The entity

being observed is called the "subject".  To receive notifications, the

observer attaches a callback to the subject.  One subject can have

several observers.

   `observer.c' implements an internal generic low-level event

notification mechanism.  This generic event notification mechanism is

then re-used to implement the exported high-level notification

management routines for all possible notifications.

   The current implementation of the generic observer provides support

for contextual data.  This contextual data is given to the subject when

attaching the callback.  In return, the subject will provide this

contextual data back to the observer as a parameter of the callback.

   Note that the current support for the contextual data is only

partial, as it lacks a mechanism that would deallocate this data when

the callback is detached.  This is not a problem so far, as this

contextual data is only used internally to hold a function pointer.

Later on, if a certain observer needs to provide support for user-level

contextual data, then the generic notification mechanism will need to be

enhanced to allow the observer to provide a routine to deallocate the

data when attaching the callback.

   The observer implementation is also currently not reentrant.  In

particular, it is therefore not possible to call the attach or detach

routines during a notification.

A.2 Debugging

=============

Observer notifications can be traced using the command `set debug

observer 1' (*note Optional messages about internal happenings:

(gdb)Debugging Output.).

A.3 `normal_stop' Notifications

===============================

GDB notifies all `normal_stop' observers when the inferior execution

has just stopped, the associated messages and annotations have been

printed, and the control is about to be returned to the user.

   Note that the `normal_stop' notification is not emitted when the

execution stops due to a breakpoint, and this breakpoint has a

condition that is not met.  If the breakpoint has any associated

commands list, the commands are executed after the notification is

emitted.

   The following interfaces are available to manage observers:

 -- Function: extern struct observer *observer_attach_EVENT

          (observer_EVENT_ftype *F)

     Using the function F, create an observer that is notified when

     ever EVENT occurs, return the observer.

 -- Function: extern void observer_detach_EVENT (struct observer

          *OBSERVER);

     Remove OBSERVER from the list of observers to be notified when

     EVENT occurs.

 -- Function: extern void observer_notify_EVENT (void);

     Send a notification to all EVENT observers.

   The following observable events are defined:

 -- Function: void normal_stop (struct bpstats *BS, int PRINT_FRAME)

     The inferior has stopped for real.  The  BS argument describes the

     breakpoints were are stopped at, if any.  Second argument

     PRINT_FRAME non-zero means display the location where the inferior

     has stopped.

 -- Function: void target_changed (struct target_ops *TARGET)

     The target's register contents have changed.

 -- Function: void executable_changed (void)

     The executable being debugged by GDB has changed: The user decided

     to debug a different program, or the program he was debugging has

     been modified since being loaded by the debugger (by being

     recompiled, for instance).

 -- Function: void inferior_created (struct target_ops *OBJFILE, int

          FROM_TTY)

     GDB has just connected to an inferior.  For `run', GDB calls this

     observer while the inferior is still stopped at the entry-point

     instruction.  For `attach' and `core', GDB calls this observer

     immediately after connecting to the inferior, and before any

     information on the inferior has been printed.

 -- Function: void solib_loaded (struct so_list *SOLIB)

     The shared library specified by SOLIB has been loaded.  Note that

     when GDB calls this observer, the library's symbols probably

     haven't been loaded yet.

 -- Function: void solib_unloaded (struct so_list *SOLIB)

     The shared library specified by SOLIB has been unloaded.  Note

     that when GDB calls this observer, the library's symbols have not

     been unloaded yet, and thus are still available.

 -- Function: void new_objfile (struct objfile *OBJFILE)

     The symbol file specified by OBJFILE has been loaded.  Called with

     OBJFILE equal to `NULL' to indicate previously loaded symbol table

     data has now been invalidated.

 -- Function: void new_thread (struct thread_info *T)

     The thread specified by T has been created.

 -- Function: void thread_exit (struct thread_info *T, int SILENT)

     The thread specified by T has exited.  The SILENT argument

     indicates that GDB is removing the thread from its tables without

     wanting to notify the user about it.

 -- Function: void thread_stop_requested (ptid_t PTID)

     An explicit stop request was issued to PTID.  If PTID equals

     MINUS_ONE_PTID, the request applied to all threads.  If

     `ptid_is_pid(ptid)' returns true, the request applied to all

     threads of the process pointed at by PTID.  Otherwise, the request

     applied to the single thread pointed at by PTID.

 -- Function: void target_resumed (ptid_t PTID)

     The target was resumed.  The PTID parameter specifies which thread

     was resume, and may be RESUME_ALL if all threads are resumed.

 -- Function: void about_to_proceed (void)

     The target is about to be proceeded.

 -- Function: void breakpoint_created (int BPNUM)

     A new breakpoint has been created.  The argument BPNUM is the

     number of the newly-created breakpoint.

 -- Function: void breakpoint_deleted (int BPNUM)

     A breakpoint has been destroyed.  The argument BPNUM is the number

     of the newly-destroyed breakpoint.

 -- Function: void breakpoint_modified (int BPNUM)

     A breakpoint has been modified in some way.  The argument BPNUM is

     the number of the modified breakpoint.

 -- Function: void tracepoint_created (int TPNUM)

     A new tracepoint has been created.  The argument TPNUM is the

     number of the newly-created tracepoint.

 -- Function: void tracepoint_deleted (int TPNUM)

     A tracepoint has been destroyed.  The argument TPNUM is the number

     of the newly-destroyed tracepoint.

 -- Function: void tracepoint_modified (int TPNUM)

     A tracepoint has been modified in some way.  The argument TPNUM is

     the number of the modified tracepoint.

 -- Function: void architecture_changed (struct gdbarch *NEWARCH)

     The current architecture has changed.  The argument NEWARCH is a

     pointer to the new architecture.

 -- Function: void thread_ptid_changed (ptid_t OLD_PTID, ptid_t

          NEW_PTID)

     The thread's ptid has changed.  The OLD_PTID parameter specifies

     the old value, and NEW_PTID specifies the new value.

 -- Function: void inferior_appeared (int PID)

     GDB has attached to a new inferior identified by PID.

 -- Function: void inferior_exit (int PID)

     Either GDB detached from the inferior, or the inferior exited.

     The argument PID identifies the inferior.

 -- Function: void memory_changed (CORE_ADDR ADDR, int LEN, const

          bfd_byte *DATA)

     Bytes from DATA to DATA + LEN have been written to the current

     inferior at ADDR.

 -- Function: void test_notification (int SOMEARG)

     This observer is used for internal testing.  Do not use.  See

     testsuite/gdb.gdb/observer.exp.

File: gdbint.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Next: Index,  Prev: GDB Observers,  Up: Top

Appendix B GNU Free Documentation License

*****************************************

                      Version 1.2, November 2002

     Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies

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  0. PREAMBLE

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     This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative

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     We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for

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       J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document

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 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

     The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of

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B.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

========================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of

the License in the document and put the following copyright and license

notices just after the title page:

       Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.

       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2

       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;

       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover

       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU

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   If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover

Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

         with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with

         the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts

         being LIST.

   If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other

combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the

situation.

   If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we

recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of

free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to

permit their use in free software.

File: gdbint.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Top

Index

*****

* Menu:

* $fp:                                   Register Information Functions.

                                                              (line 126)

* $pc:                                   Register Architecture Functions & Variables.

                                                              (line  58)

* $ps:                                   Register Architecture Functions & Variables.

                                                              (line  69)

* $sp:                                   Register Architecture Functions & Variables.

                                                              (line  49)

* _initialize_ARCH_tdep <1>:             Adding a New Target. (line  22)

* _initialize_ARCH_tdep:                 How an Architecture is Represented.

                                                              (line  13)

* _initialize_language:                  Language Support.    (line  79)

* a.out format:                          Symbol Handling.     (line 213)

* about_to_proceed:                      GDB Observers.       (line 133)

* abstract interpretation of function prologues: Algorithms.  (line  48)

* add_cmd:                               User Interface.      (line  21)

* add_com:                               User Interface.      (line  21)

* add_setshow_cmd:                       User Interface.      (line  26)

* add_setshow_cmd_full:                  User Interface.      (line  26)

* add_symtab_fns:                        Symbol Handling.     (line  37)

* adding a new host:                     Host Definition.     (line  13)

* adding a symbol-reading module:        Symbol Handling.     (line  37)

* adding a target:                       Adding a New Target. (line   6)

* adding debugging info reader:          Symbol Handling.     (line 360)

* adding source language:                Language Support.    (line  17)

* address classes:                       Address Classes.     (line   6)

* address representation:                Pointers and Addresses.

                                                              (line   6)

* address spaces, separate data and code: Pointers and Addresses.

                                                              (line   6)

* address_class_name_to_type_flags:      Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  28)

* address_class_name_to_type_flags_p:    Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  39)

* algorithms:                            Algorithms.          (line   6)

* align_down:                            Functions and Variable to Analyze Frames.

                                                              (line  46)

* align_up:                              Functions and Variable to Analyze Frames.

                                                              (line  46)

* allocate_symtab:                       Language Support.    (line  83)

* ARCH-tdep.c:                           How an Architecture is Represented.

                                                              (line  13)

* architecture representation:           How an Architecture is Represented.

                                                              (line   6)

* architecture_changed:                  GDB Observers.       (line 160)

* Array Containers:                      Support Libraries.   (line 131)

* assumptions about targets:             Coding.              (line 514)

* ATTR_NORETURN:                         Host Definition.     (line 126)

* base of a frame:                       Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line  28)

* BFD library:                           Support Libraries.   (line   9)

* bfd_arch_info:                         Looking Up an Existing Architecture.

                                                              (line  41)

* BIG_BREAKPOINT:                        Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line 100)

* BPT_VECTOR:                            Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line 536)

* BREAKPOINT:                            Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  88)

* breakpoint address adjusted:           Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line 145)

* breakpoint_created:                    GDB Observers.       (line 136)

* breakpoint_deleted:                    GDB Observers.       (line 140)

* breakpoint_modified:                   GDB Observers.       (line 144)

* breakpoints:                           Algorithms.          (line 151)

* bug-gdb mailing list:                  Getting Started.     (line  72)

* build script:                          Debugging GDB.       (line  94)

* C data types:                          Coding.              (line 389)

* call frame information:                Algorithms.          (line  14)

* call stack frame:                      Stack Frames.        (line   6)

* calls to the inferior:                 Inferior Call Setup. (line   6)

* CANNOT_STEP_HW_WATCHPOINTS:            Algorithms.          (line 408)

* CC_HAS_LONG_LONG:                      Host Definition.     (line 105)

* CFI (call frame information):          Algorithms.          (line  14)

* checkpoints:                           Algorithms.          (line 604)

* cleanups:                              Coding.              (line  12)

* CLI:                                   User Interface.      (line  12)

* code pointers, word-addressed:         Pointers and Addresses.

                                                              (line   6)

* coding standards:                      Coding.              (line 215)

* COFF debugging info:                   Symbol Handling.     (line 310)

* COFF format:                           Symbol Handling.     (line 228)

* command implementation:                Getting Started.     (line  60)

* command interpreter:                   User Interface.      (line  12)

* comment formatting:                    Coding.              (line 363)

* compiler warnings:                     Coding.              (line 271)

* Compressed DWARF 2 debugging info:     Symbol Handling.     (line 330)

* computed values:                       Values.              (line  35)

* configure.tgt:                         How an Architecture is Represented.

                                                              (line  19)

* converting between pointers and addresses: Pointers and Addresses.

                                                              (line   6)

* converting integers to addresses:      Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line 274)

* cooked register representation:        Raw and Cooked Registers.

                                                              (line   6)

* core files:                            Adding support for debugging core files.

                                                              (line   6)

* core_addr_greaterthan:                 Functions and Variable to Analyze Frames.

                                                              (line  30)

* core_addr_lessthan:                    Functions and Variable to Analyze Frames.

                                                              (line  30)

* CRLF_SOURCE_FILES:                     Host Definition.     (line  86)

* current_language:                      Language Support.    (line  75)

* D10V addresses:                        Pointers and Addresses.

                                                              (line   6)

* data output:                           User Interface.      (line 254)

* data-pointer, per-architecture/per-module: Coding.          (line 100)

* debugging GDB:                         Debugging GDB.       (line   6)

* DEFAULT_PROMPT:                        Host Definition.     (line  93)

* deprecate_cmd:                         User Interface.      (line  32)

* DEPRECATED_IBM6000_TARGET:             Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line 242)

* deprecating commands:                  User Interface.      (line  32)

* design:                                Coding.              (line 509)

* DEV_TTY:                               Host Definition.     (line  96)

* DIRNAME_SEPARATOR:                     Coding.              (line 579)

* DISABLE_UNSETTABLE_BREAK:              Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line 211)

* discard_cleanups:                      Coding.              (line  39)

* do_cleanups:                           Coding.              (line  35)

* DOS text files:                        Host Definition.     (line  87)

* dummy frames:                          About Dummy Frames.  (line   6)

* DW_AT_address_class:                   Address Classes.     (line   6)

* DW_AT_byte_size:                       Address Classes.     (line   6)

* DWARF 2 debugging info:                Symbol Handling.     (line 323)

* DWARF 3 debugging info:                Symbol Handling.     (line 350)

* ECOFF debugging info:                  Symbol Handling.     (line 316)

* ECOFF format:                          Symbol Handling.     (line 243)

* ELF format:                            Symbol Handling.     (line 276)

* evaluate_subexp:                       Language Support.    (line  58)

* executable_changed:                    GDB Observers.       (line  85)

* execution state:                       Managing Execution State.

                                                              (line   6)

* experimental branches:                 Versions and Branches.

                                                              (line 116)

* expression evaluation routines:        Language Support.    (line  58)

* expression parser:                     Language Support.    (line  21)

* extract_typed_address:                 Pointers and Addresses.

                                                              (line  52)

* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License:   GNU Free Documentation License.

                                                              (line   6)

* field output functions:                User Interface.      (line 254)

* file names, portability:               Coding.              (line 547)

* FILENAME_CMP:                          Coding.              (line 573)

* find_pc_function:                      Symbol Handling.     (line 136)

* find_pc_line:                          Symbol Handling.     (line 136)

* find_sym_fns:                          Symbol Handling.     (line  32)

* finding a symbol:                      Symbol Handling.     (line 133)

* fine-tuning gdbarch structure:         OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  23)

* first floating point register:         Register Architecture Functions & Variables.

                                                              (line  78)

* FOPEN_RB:                              Host Definition.     (line 102)

* fp0_regnum:                            Register Architecture Functions & Variables.

                                                              (line  78)

* frame:                                 Stack Frames.        (line   6)

* frame ID:                              Stack Frames.        (line  41)

* frame pointer:                         Register Information Functions.

                                                              (line 126)

* frame, definition of base of a frame:  Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line  28)

* frame, definition of innermost frame:  Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line  24)

* frame, definition of NEXT frame:       Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line  11)

* frame, definition of PREVIOUS frame:   Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line  14)

* frame, definition of sentinel frame:   Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line  52)

* frame, definition of sniffing:         Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line  46)

* frame, definition of THIS frame:       Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line   9)

* frame, definition of unwinding:        Frame Handling Terminology.

                                                              (line  41)

* frame_align:                           Functions and Variable to Analyze Frames.

                                                              (line  46)

* frame_base:                            Analyzing Stacks---Frame Sniffers.

                                                              (line  89)

* frame_base_append_sniffer:             Analyzing Stacks---Frame Sniffers.

                                                              (line  19)

* frame_base_set_default:                Analyzing Stacks---Frame Sniffers.

                                                              (line  22)

* frame_num_args:                        Functions to Access Frame Data.

                                                              (line  43)

* frame_red_zone_size:                   Functions and Variable to Analyze Frames.

                                                              (line  63)

* frame_register_unwind:                 Stack Frames.        (line  15)

* frame_unwind:                          Analyzing Stacks---Frame Sniffers.

                                                              (line  36)

* frame_unwind_append_sniffer:           Analyzing Stacks---Frame Sniffers.

                                                              (line  16)

* frame_unwind_append_unwinder:          Stack Frames.        (line  30)

* frame_unwind_got_address:              Stack Frames.        (line 105)

* frame_unwind_got_constant:             Stack Frames.        (line 101)

* frame_unwind_got_memory:               Stack Frames.        (line  98)

* frame_unwind_got_optimized:            Stack Frames.        (line  90)

* frame_unwind_got_register:             Stack Frames.        (line  93)

* frame_unwind_prepend_unwinder:         Stack Frames.        (line  30)

* full symbol table:                     Symbol Handling.     (line 104)

* function prologue:                     Prologue Caches.     (line   6)

* function prototypes:                   Coding.              (line 411)

* function usage:                        Coding.              (line 393)

* fundamental types:                     Symbol Handling.     (line 178)

* GCC2_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL:             Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line 225)

* GCC_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL:              Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line 225)

* GDB source tree structure:             Overall Structure.   (line  83)

* gdb_byte:                              Register Caching.    (line  23)

* GDB_OSABI_AIX:                         OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  90)

* GDB_OSABI_CYGWIN:                      OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  87)

* GDB_OSABI_FREEBSD_AOUT:                OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  51)

* GDB_OSABI_FREEBSD_ELF:                 OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  54)

* GDB_OSABI_GO32:                        OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  69)

* GDB_OSABI_HPUX_ELF:                    OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  78)

* GDB_OSABI_HPUX_SOM:                    OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  81)

* GDB_OSABI_HURD:                        OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  39)

* GDB_OSABI_INTERIX:                     OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  75)

* GDB_OSABI_IRIX:                        OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  72)

* GDB_OSABI_LINUX:                       OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  48)

* GDB_OSABI_NETBSD_AOUT:                 OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  57)

* GDB_OSABI_NETBSD_ELF:                  OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  60)

* GDB_OSABI_OPENBSD_ELF:                 OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  63)

* GDB_OSABI_OSF1:                        OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  45)

* GDB_OSABI_QNXNTO:                      OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  84)

* GDB_OSABI_SOLARIS:                     OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  42)

* GDB_OSABI_SVR4:                        OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  36)

* GDB_OSABI_UNINITIALIZED:               OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  29)

* GDB_OSABI_UNKNOWN:                     OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  32)

* GDB_OSABI_WINCE:                       OS ABI Variant Handling.

                                                              (line  66)

* gdbarch:                               How an Architecture is Represented.

                                                              (line  19)

* gdbarch accessor functions:            Creating a New Architecture.

                                                              (line  14)

* gdbarch lookup:                        Looking Up an Existing Architecture.

                                                              (line   6)

* gdbarch register architecture functions: Register Architecture Functions & Variables.

                                                              (line   6)

* gdbarch register information functions: Register Information Functions.

                                                              (line   6)

* gdbarch_addr_bits_remove:              Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  11)

* gdbarch_address_class_name_to_type_flags: Address Classes.  (line  30)

* gdbarch_address_class_type_flags <1>:  Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  43)

* gdbarch_address_class_type_flags:      Address Classes.     (line  18)

* gdbarch_address_class_type_flags_p:    Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  52)

* gdbarch_address_class_type_flags_to_name <1>: Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  56)

* gdbarch_address_class_type_flags_to_name: Address Classes.  (line  25)

* gdbarch_address_class_type_flags_to_name_p: Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  60)

* gdbarch_address_to_pointer <1>:        Defining Other Architecture Features.

                                                              (line  65)

* gdbarch_address_to_pointer:            Pointers and Addresses.

                                                              (line 114)