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@node Stdio

@chapter Input and Output (@file{stdio.h})

This chapter comprises functions to manage files

or other input/output streams. Among these functions are subroutines

to generate or scan strings according to specifications from a format string.

The underlying facilities for input and output depend on the host

system, but these functions provide a uniform interface.

The corresponding declarations are in @file{stdio.h}.

The reentrant versions of these functions use macros

@example

_stdin_r(@var{reent})

_stdout_r(@var{reent})

_stderr_r(@var{reent})

@end example

@noindent

instead of the globals @code{stdin}, @code{stdout}, and

@code{stderr}.  The argument <[reent]> is a pointer to a reentrancy

structure.

@menu

* clearerr::    Clear file or stream error indicator

* diprintf::    Print to a file descriptor (integer only)

* dprintf::     Print to a file descriptor

* fclose::      Close a file

* fcloseall::   Close all files

* fdopen::      Turn an open file into a stream

* feof::        Test for end of file

* ferror::      Test whether read/write error has occurred

* fflush::      Flush buffered file output

* fgetc::       Get a character from a file or stream

* fgetpos::     Record position in a stream or file

* fgets::       Get character string from a file or stream

* fgetwc::      Get a wide character from a file or stream

* fgetws::      Get a wide character string from a file or stream

* fileno::      Get file descriptor associated with stream

* fmemopen::    Open a stream around a fixed-length buffer

* fopen::       Open a file

* fopencookie:: Open a stream with custom callbacks

* fpurge::      Discard all pending I/O on a stream

* fputc::       Write a character on a stream or file

* fputs::       Write a character string in a file or stream

* fputwc::      Write a wide character to a file or stream

* fputws::      Write a wide character string to a file or stream

* fread::       Read array elements from a file

* freopen::     Open a file using an existing file descriptor

* fseek::       Set file position

* fsetpos::     Restore position of a stream or file

* ftell::       Return position in a stream or file

* funopen::     Open a stream with custom callbacks

* fwide::       Set and determine the orientation of a FILE stream

* fwrite::      Write array elements from memory to a file or stream

* getc::        Get a character from a file or stream (macro)

* getc_unlocked::       Get a character from a file or stream (macro)

* getchar::     Get a character from standard input (macro)

* getchar_unlocked::    Get a character from standard input (macro)

* getdelim::    Get character string from a file or stream

* getline::     Get character string from a file or stream

* gets::        Get character string from standard input (obsolete)

* getw::        Get a word (int) from a file or stream

* getwchar::    Get a wide character from standard input

* mktemp::      Generate unused file name

* open_memstream::      Open a write stream around an arbitrary-length buffer

* perror::      Print an error message on standard error

* putc::        Write a character on a stream or file (macro)

* putc_unlocked::       Write a character on a stream or file (macro)

* putchar::     Write a character on standard output (macro)

* putchar_unlocked::    Write a character on standard output (macro)

* puts::        Write a character string on standard output

* putw::        Write a word (int) to a file or stream

* putwchar::    Write a wide character to standard output

* remove::      Delete a file's name

* rename::      Rename a file

* rewind::      Reinitialize a file or stream

* setbuf::      Specify full buffering for a file or stream

* setbuffer::   Specify full buffering for a file or stream with size

* setlinebuf::  Specify line buffering for a file or stream

* setvbuf::     Specify buffering for a file or stream

* siprintf::    Write formatted output (integer only)

* siscanf::     Scan and format input (integer only)

* sprintf::     Write formatted output

* sscanf::      Scan and format input

* swprintf::    Write formatted wide character output

* swscanf::     Scan and format wide character input

* tmpfile::     Create a temporary file

* tmpnam::      Generate name for a temporary file

* ungetc::      Push data back into a stream

* ungetwc::     Push wide character data back into a stream

* vfprintf::    Format variable argument list

* vfscanf::     Scan variable argument list

* vfwprintf::   Format variable wide character argument list

* vfwscanf::    Scan and format argument list from wide character input

* viprintf::    Format variable argument list (integer only)

* viscanf::     Scan variable format list (integer only)

@end menu

@page

@include stdio/clearerr.def

@page

@include stdio/diprintf.def

@page

@include stdio/dprintf.def

@page

@include stdio/fclose.def

@page

@include stdio/fcloseall.def

@page

@include stdio/fdopen.def

@page

@include stdio/feof.def

@page

@include stdio/ferror.def

@page

@include stdio/fflush.def

@page

@include stdio/fgetc.def

@page

@include stdio/fgetpos.def

@page

@include stdio/fgets.def

@page

@include stdio/fgetwc.def

@page

@include stdio/fgetws.def

@page

@include stdio/fileno.def

@page

@include stdio/fmemopen.def

@page

@include stdio/fopen.def

@page

@include stdio/fopencookie.def

@page

@include stdio/fpurge.def

@page

@include stdio/fputc.def

@page

@include stdio/fputs.def

@page

@include stdio/fputwc.def

@page

@include stdio/fputws.def

@page

@include stdio/fread.def

@page

@include stdio/freopen.def

@page

@include stdio/fseek.def

@page

@include stdio/fsetpos.def

@page

@include stdio/ftell.def

@page

@include stdio/funopen.def

@page

@include stdio/fwide.def

@page

@include stdio/fwrite.def

@page

@include stdio/getc.def

@page

@include stdio/getc_u.def

@page

@include stdio/getchar.def

@page

@include stdio/getchar_u.def

@page

@include stdio/getdelim.def

@page

@include stdio/getline.def

@page

@include stdio/gets.def

@page

@include stdio/getw.def

@page

@include stdio/getwchar.def

@page

@include stdio/mktemp.def

@page

@include stdio/open_memstream.def

@page

@include stdio/perror.def

@page

@include stdio/putc.def

@page

@include stdio/putc_u.def

@page

@include stdio/putchar.def

@page

@include stdio/putchar_u.def

@page

@include stdio/puts.def

@page

@include stdio/putw.def

@page

@include stdio/putwchar.def

@page

@include stdio/remove.def

@page

@include stdio/rename.def

@page

@include stdio/rewind.def

@page

@include stdio/setbuf.def

@page

@include stdio/setbuffer.def

@page

@include stdio/setlinebuf.def

@page

@include stdio/setvbuf.def

@page

@include stdio/siprintf.def

@page

@include stdio/siscanf.def

@page

@include stdio/sprintf.def

@page

@include stdio/sscanf.def

@page

@include stdio/swprintf.def

@page

@include stdio/swscanf.def

@page

@include stdio/tmpfile.def

@page

@include stdio/tmpnam.def

@page

@include stdio/ungetc.def

@page

@include stdio/ungetwc.def

@page

@include stdio/vfprintf.def

@page

@include stdio/vfscanf.def

@page

@include stdio/vfwprintf.def

@page

@include stdio/vfwscanf.def

@page

@include stdio/viprintf.def

@page

@include stdio/viscanf.def