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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
--                                                                          --
3
--                  GNAT RUN-TIME LIBRARY (GNARL) COMPONENTS                --
4
--                                                                          --
5
--                        S Y S T E M . T A S K I N G                       --
6
--                                                                          --
7
--                                  S p e c                                 --
8
--                                                                          --
9
--          Copyright (C) 1992-2009, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
10
--                                                                          --
11
-- GNARL is free software; you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
12
-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
13
-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
14
-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
15
-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
16
-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                                     --
17
--                                                                          --
18
-- As a special exception under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted --
19
-- additional permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception,   --
20
-- version 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.               --
21
--                                                                          --
22
-- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and    --
23
-- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;     --
24
-- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see    --
25
-- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          --
26
--                                                                          --
27
-- GNARL was developed by the GNARL team at Florida State University.       --
28
-- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies, Inc.     --
29
--                                                                          --
30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31
 
32
--  This package provides necessary type definitions for compiler interface
33
 
34
--  Note: the compiler generates direct calls to this interface, via Rtsfind.
35
--  Any changes to this interface may require corresponding compiler changes.
36
 
37
with Ada.Exceptions;
38
with Ada.Unchecked_Conversion;
39
 
40
with System.Parameters;
41
with System.Task_Info;
42
with System.Soft_Links;
43
with System.Task_Primitives;
44
with System.Stack_Usage;
45
 
46
package System.Tasking is
47
   pragma Preelaborate;
48
 
49
   -------------------
50
   -- Locking Rules --
51
   -------------------
52
 
53
   --  The following rules must be followed at all times, to prevent
54
   --  deadlock and generally ensure correct operation of locking.
55
 
56
   --  Never lock a lock unless abort is deferred
57
 
58
   --  Never undefer abort while holding a lock
59
 
60
   --  Overlapping critical sections must be properly nested, and locks must
61
   --  be released in LIFO order. E.g., the following is not allowed:
62
 
63
   --         Lock (X);
64
   --         ...
65
   --         Lock (Y);
66
   --         ...
67
   --         Unlock (X);
68
   --         ...
69
   --         Unlock (Y);
70
 
71
   --  Locks with lower (smaller) level number cannot be locked
72
   --  while holding a lock with a higher level number. (The level
73
 
74
   --  1. System.Tasking.PO_Simple.Protection.L (any PO lock)
75
   --  2. System.Tasking.Initialization.Global_Task_Lock (in body)
76
   --  3. System.Task_Primitives.Operations.Single_RTS_Lock
77
   --  4. System.Tasking.Ada_Task_Control_Block.LL.L (any TCB lock)
78
 
79
   --  Clearly, there can be no circular chain of hold-and-wait
80
   --  relationships involving locks in different ordering levels.
81
 
82
   --  We used to have Global_Task_Lock before Protection.L but this was
83
   --  clearly wrong since there can be calls to "new" inside protected
84
   --  operations. The new ordering prevents these failures.
85
 
86
   --  Sometimes we need to hold two ATCB locks at the same time. To allow us
87
   --  to order the locking, each ATCB is given a unique serial number. If one
88
   --  needs to hold locks on several ATCBs at once, the locks with lower
89
   --  serial numbers must be locked first.
90
 
91
   --  We don't always need to check the serial numbers, since the serial
92
   --  numbers are assigned sequentially, and so:
93
 
94
   --  . The parent of a task always has a lower serial number.
95
   --  . The activator of a task always has a lower serial number.
96
   --  . The environment task has a lower serial number than any other task.
97
   --  . If the activator of a task is different from the task's parent,
98
   --    the parent always has a lower serial number than the activator.
99
 
100
   ---------------------------------
101
   -- Task_Id related definitions --
102
   ---------------------------------
103
 
104
   type Ada_Task_Control_Block;
105
 
106
   type Task_Id is access all Ada_Task_Control_Block;
107
   for Task_Id'Size use System.Task_Primitives.Task_Address_Size;
108
 
109
   Null_Task : constant Task_Id;
110
 
111
   type Task_List is array (Positive range <>) of Task_Id;
112
 
113
   function Self return Task_Id;
114
   pragma Inline (Self);
115
   --  This is the compiler interface version of this function. Do not call
116
   --  from the run-time system.
117
 
118
   function To_Task_Id is
119
     new Ada.Unchecked_Conversion
120
       (System.Task_Primitives.Task_Address, Task_Id);
121
   function To_Address is
122
     new Ada.Unchecked_Conversion
123
       (Task_Id, System.Task_Primitives.Task_Address);
124
 
125
   -----------------------
126
   -- Enumeration types --
127
   -----------------------
128
 
129
   type Task_States is
130
     (Unactivated,
131
      --  TCB initialized but not task has not been created.
132
      --  It cannot be executing.
133
 
134
--    Activating,
135
--    --  ??? Temporarily at end of list for GDB compatibility
136
--    --  Task has been created and is being made Runnable.
137
 
138
      --  Active states
139
      --  For all states from here down, the task has been activated.
140
      --  For all states from here down, except for Terminated, the task
141
      --  may be executing.
142
      --  Activator = null iff it has not yet completed activating.
143
 
144
      Runnable,
145
      --  Task is not blocked for any reason known to Ada.
146
      --  (It may be waiting for a mutex, though.)
147
      --  It is conceptually "executing" in normal mode.
148
 
149
      Terminated,
150
      --  The task is terminated, in the sense of ARM 9.3 (5).
151
      --  Any dependents that were waiting on terminate
152
      --  alternatives have been awakened and have terminated themselves.
153
 
154
      Activator_Sleep,
155
      --  Task is waiting for created tasks to complete activation
156
 
157
      Acceptor_Sleep,
158
      --  Task is waiting on an accept or select with terminate
159
 
160
--    Acceptor_Delay_Sleep,
161
--    --  ??? Temporarily at end of list for GDB compatibility
162
--    --  Task is waiting on an selective wait statement
163
 
164
      Entry_Caller_Sleep,
165
      --  Task is waiting on an entry call
166
 
167
      Async_Select_Sleep,
168
      --  Task is waiting to start the abortable part of an
169
      --  asynchronous select statement.
170
 
171
      Delay_Sleep,
172
      --  Task is waiting on a select statement with only a delay
173
      --  alternative open.
174
 
175
      Master_Completion_Sleep,
176
      --  Master completion has two phases.
177
      --  In Phase 1 the task is sleeping in Complete_Master
178
      --  having completed a master within itself,
179
      --  and is waiting for the tasks dependent on that master to become
180
      --  terminated or waiting on a terminate Phase.
181
 
182
      Master_Phase_2_Sleep,
183
      --  In Phase 2 the task is sleeping in Complete_Master
184
      --  waiting for tasks on terminate alternatives to finish
185
      --  terminating.
186
 
187
      --  The following are special uses of sleep, for server tasks
188
      --  within the run-time system.
189
 
190
      Interrupt_Server_Idle_Sleep,
191
      Interrupt_Server_Blocked_Interrupt_Sleep,
192
      Timer_Server_Sleep,
193
      AST_Server_Sleep,
194
 
195
      Asynchronous_Hold,
196
      --  The task has been held by Asynchronous_Task_Control.Hold_Task
197
 
198
      Interrupt_Server_Blocked_On_Event_Flag,
199
      --  The task has been blocked on a system call waiting for a
200
      --  completion event/signal to occur.
201
 
202
      Activating,
203
      --  Task has been created and is being made Runnable
204
 
205
      Acceptor_Delay_Sleep
206
      --  Task is waiting on an selective wait statement
207
     );
208
 
209
   type Call_Modes is
210
     (Simple_Call, Conditional_Call, Asynchronous_Call, Timed_Call);
211
 
212
   type Select_Modes is (Simple_Mode, Else_Mode, Terminate_Mode, Delay_Mode);
213
 
214
   subtype Delay_Modes is Integer;
215
 
216
   -------------------------------
217
   -- Entry related definitions --
218
   -------------------------------
219
 
220
   Null_Entry : constant := 0;
221
 
222
   Max_Entry : constant := Integer'Last;
223
 
224
   Interrupt_Entry : constant := -2;
225
 
226
   Cancelled_Entry : constant := -1;
227
 
228
   type Entry_Index is range Interrupt_Entry .. Max_Entry;
229
 
230
   Null_Task_Entry : constant := Null_Entry;
231
 
232
   Max_Task_Entry : constant := Max_Entry;
233
 
234
   type Task_Entry_Index is new Entry_Index
235
     range Null_Task_Entry .. Max_Task_Entry;
236
 
237
   type Entry_Call_Record;
238
 
239
   type Entry_Call_Link is access all Entry_Call_Record;
240
 
241
   type Entry_Queue is record
242
      Head : Entry_Call_Link;
243
      Tail : Entry_Call_Link;
244
   end record;
245
 
246
   type Task_Entry_Queue_Array is
247
     array (Task_Entry_Index range <>) of Entry_Queue;
248
 
249
   --  A data structure which contains the string names of entries and entry
250
   --  family members.
251
 
252
   type String_Access is access all String;
253
 
254
   type Entry_Names_Array is
255
     array (Entry_Index range <>) of String_Access;
256
 
257
   type Entry_Names_Array_Access is access all Entry_Names_Array;
258
 
259
   procedure Free_Entry_Names_Array (Obj : in out Entry_Names_Array);
260
   --  Deallocate all string names contained in an entry names array
261
 
262
   ----------------------------------
263
   -- Entry_Call_Record definition --
264
   ----------------------------------
265
 
266
   type Entry_Call_State is
267
     (Never_Abortable,
268
      --  the call is not abortable, and never can be
269
 
270
      Not_Yet_Abortable,
271
      --  the call is not abortable, but may become so
272
 
273
      Was_Abortable,
274
      --  the call is not abortable, but once was
275
 
276
      Now_Abortable,
277
      --  the call is abortable
278
 
279
      Done,
280
      --  the call has been completed
281
 
282
      Cancelled
283
      --  the call was asynchronous, and was cancelled
284
     );
285
 
286
   --  Never_Abortable is used for calls that are made in a abort
287
   --  deferred region (see ARM 9.8(5-11), 9.8 (20)).
288
   --  Such a call is never abortable.
289
 
290
   --  The Was_ vs. Not_Yet_ distinction is needed to decide whether it
291
   --  is OK to advance into the abortable part of an async. select stmt.
292
   --  That is allowed iff the mode is Now_ or Was_.
293
 
294
   --  Done indicates the call has been completed, without cancellation,
295
   --  or no call has been made yet at this ATC nesting level,
296
   --  and so aborting the call is no longer an issue.
297
   --  Completion of the call does not necessarily indicate "success";
298
   --  the call may be returning an exception if Exception_To_Raise is
299
   --  non-null.
300
 
301
   --  Cancelled indicates the call was cancelled,
302
   --  and so aborting the call is no longer an issue.
303
 
304
   --  The call is on an entry queue unless
305
   --  State >= Done, in which case it may or may not be still Onqueue.
306
 
307
   --  Please do not modify the order of the values, without checking
308
   --  all uses of this type. We rely on partial "monotonicity" of
309
   --  Entry_Call_Record.State to avoid locking when we access this
310
   --  value for certain tests. In particular:
311
 
312
   --  1)  Once State >= Done, we can rely that the call has been
313
   --      completed. If State >= Done, it will not
314
   --      change until the task does another entry call at this level.
315
 
316
   --  2)  Once State >= Was_Abortable, we can rely that the call has
317
   --      been queued abortably at least once, and so the check for
318
   --      whether it is OK to advance to the abortable part of an
319
   --      async. select statement does not need to lock anything.
320
 
321
   type Restricted_Entry_Call_Record is record
322
      Self : Task_Id;
323
      --  ID of the caller
324
 
325
      Mode : Call_Modes;
326
 
327
      State : Entry_Call_State;
328
      pragma Atomic (State);
329
      --  Indicates part of the state of the call.
330
      --
331
      --  Protection: If the call is not on a queue, it should only be
332
      --  accessed by Self, and Self does not need any lock to modify this
333
      --  field.
334
      --
335
      --  Once the call is on a queue, the value should be something other
336
      --  than Done unless it is cancelled, and access is controller by the
337
      --  "server" of the queue -- i.e., the lock of Checked_To_Protection
338
      --  (Call_Target) if the call record is on the queue of a PO, or the
339
      --  lock of Called_Target if the call is on the queue of a task. See
340
      --  comments on type declaration for more details.
341
 
342
      Uninterpreted_Data : System.Address;
343
      --  Data passed by the compiler
344
 
345
      Exception_To_Raise : Ada.Exceptions.Exception_Id;
346
      --  The exception to raise once this call has been completed without
347
      --  being aborted.
348
   end record;
349
   pragma Suppress_Initialization (Restricted_Entry_Call_Record);
350
 
351
   -------------------------------------------
352
   -- Task termination procedure definition --
353
   -------------------------------------------
354
 
355
   --  We need to redefine here these types (already defined in
356
   --  Ada.Task_Termination) for avoiding circular dependencies.
357
 
358
   type Cause_Of_Termination is (Normal, Abnormal, Unhandled_Exception);
359
   --  Possible causes for task termination:
360
   --
361
   --    Normal means that the task terminates due to completing the
362
   --    last sentence of its body, or as a result of waiting on a
363
   --    terminate alternative.
364
 
365
   --    Abnormal means that the task terminates because it is being aborted
366
 
367
   --    handled_Exception means that the task terminates because of exception
368
   --    raised by the execution of its task_body.
369
 
370
   type Termination_Handler is access protected procedure
371
     (Cause : Cause_Of_Termination;
372
      T     : Task_Id;
373
      X     : Ada.Exceptions.Exception_Occurrence);
374
   --  Used to represent protected procedures to be executed when task
375
   --  terminates.
376
 
377
   ------------------------------------
378
   -- Task related other definitions --
379
   ------------------------------------
380
 
381
   type Activation_Chain is limited private;
382
   --  Linked list of to-be-activated tasks, linked through
383
   --  Activation_Link. The order of tasks on the list is irrelevant, because
384
   --  the priority rules will ensure that they actually start activating in
385
   --  priority order.
386
 
387
   type Activation_Chain_Access is access all Activation_Chain;
388
 
389
   type Task_Procedure_Access is access procedure (Arg : System.Address);
390
 
391
   type Access_Boolean is access all Boolean;
392
 
393
   function Detect_Blocking return Boolean;
394
   pragma Inline (Detect_Blocking);
395
   --  Return whether the Detect_Blocking pragma is enabled
396
 
397
   function Storage_Size (T : Task_Id) return System.Parameters.Size_Type;
398
   --  Retrieve from the TCB of the task the allocated size of its stack,
399
   --  either the system default or the size specified by a pragma. This
400
   --  is in general a non-static value that can depend on discriminants
401
   --  of the task.
402
 
403
   type Bit_Array is array (Integer range <>) of Boolean;
404
   pragma Pack (Bit_Array);
405
 
406
   subtype Debug_Event_Array is Bit_Array (1 .. 16);
407
 
408
   Global_Task_Debug_Event_Set : Boolean := False;
409
   --  Set True when running under debugger control and a task debug
410
   --  event signal has been requested.
411
 
412
   ----------------------------------------------
413
   -- Ada_Task_Control_Block (ATCB) definition --
414
   ----------------------------------------------
415
 
416
   --  Notes on protection (synchronization) of TRTS data structures
417
 
418
   --  Any field of the TCB can be written by the activator of a task when the
419
   --  task is created, since no other task can access the new task's
420
   --  state until creation is complete.
421
 
422
   --  The protection for each field is described in a comment starting with
423
   --  "Protection:".
424
 
425
   --  When a lock is used to protect an ATCB field, this lock is simply named
426
 
427
   --  Some protection is described in terms of tasks related to the
428
   --  ATCB being protected. These are:
429
 
430
   --    Self:      The task which is controlled by this ATCB
431
   --    Acceptor:  A task accepting a call from Self
432
   --    Caller:    A task calling an entry of Self
433
   --    Parent:    The task executing the master on which Self depends
434
   --    Dependent: A task dependent on Self
435
   --    Activator: The task that created Self and initiated its activation
436
   --    Created:   A task created and activated by Self
437
 
438
   --  Note: The order of the fields is important to implement efficiently
439
   --  tasking support under gdb.
440
   --  Currently gdb relies on the order of the State, Parent, Base_Priority,
441
   --  Task_Image, Task_Image_Len, Call and LL fields.
442
 
443
   -------------------------
444
   -- Common ATCB section --
445
   -------------------------
446
 
447
   --  Section used by all GNARL implementations (regular and restricted)
448
 
449
   type Common_ATCB is record
450
      State : Task_States;
451
      pragma Atomic (State);
452
      --  Encodes some basic information about the state of a task,
453
      --  including whether it has been activated, whether it is sleeping,
454
      --  and whether it is terminated.
455
      --
456
      --  Protection: Self.L
457
 
458
      Parent : Task_Id;
459
      --  The task on which this task depends.
460
      --  See also Master_Level and Master_Within.
461
 
462
      Base_Priority : System.Any_Priority;
463
      --  Base priority, not changed during entry calls, only changed
464
      --  via dynamic priorities package.
465
      --
466
      --  Protection: Only written by Self, accessed by anyone
467
 
468
      Current_Priority : System.Any_Priority;
469
      --  Active priority, except that the effects of protected object
470
      --  priority ceilings are not reflected. This only reflects explicit
471
      --  priority changes and priority inherited through task activation
472
      --  and rendezvous.
473
      --
474
      --  Ada 95 notes: In Ada 95, this field will be transferred to the
475
      --  Priority field of an Entry_Calls component when an entry call is
476
      --  initiated. The Priority of the Entry_Calls component will not change
477
      --  for the duration of the call. The accepting task can use it to boost
478
      --  its own priority without fear of its changing in the meantime.
479
      --
480
      --  This can safely be used in the priority ordering of entry queues.
481
      --  Once a call is queued, its priority does not change.
482
      --
483
      --  Since an entry call cannot be made while executing a protected
484
      --  action, the priority of a task will never reflect a priority ceiling
485
      --  change at the point of an entry call.
486
      --
487
      --  Protection: Only written by Self, and only accessed when Acceptor
488
      --  accepts an entry or when Created activates, at which points Self is
489
      --  suspended.
490
 
491
      Protected_Action_Nesting : Natural;
492
      pragma Atomic (Protected_Action_Nesting);
493
      --  The dynamic level of protected action nesting for this task. This
494
      --  field is needed for checking whether potentially blocking operations
495
      --  are invoked from protected actions. pragma Atomic is used because it
496
      --  can be read/written from protected interrupt handlers.
497
 
498
      Task_Image : String (1 .. System.Parameters.Max_Task_Image_Length);
499
      --  Hold a string that provides a readable id for task, built from the
500
      --  variable of which it is a value or component.
501
 
502
      Task_Image_Len : Natural;
503
      --  Actual length of Task_Image
504
 
505
      Call : Entry_Call_Link;
506
      --  The entry call that has been accepted by this task.
507
      --
508
      --  Protection: Self.L. Self will modify this field when Self.Accepting
509
      --  is False, and will not need the mutex to do so. Once a task sets
510
      --  Pending_ATC_Level = 0, no other task can access this field.
511
 
512
      LL : aliased Task_Primitives.Private_Data;
513
      --  Control block used by the underlying low-level tasking service
514
      --  (GNULLI).
515
      --
516
      --  Protection: This is used only by the GNULLI implementation, which
517
      --  takes care of all of its synchronization.
518
 
519
      Task_Arg : System.Address;
520
      --  The argument to task procedure. Provide a handle for discriminant
521
      --  information.
522
      --
523
      --  Protection: Part of the synchronization between Self and Activator.
524
      --  Activator writes it, once, before Self starts executing. Thereafter,
525
      --  Self only reads it.
526
 
527
      Task_Alternate_Stack : System.Address;
528
      --  The address of the alternate signal stack for this task, if any
529
      --
530
      --  Protection: Only accessed by Self
531
 
532
      Task_Entry_Point : Task_Procedure_Access;
533
      --  Information needed to call the procedure containing the code for
534
      --  the body of this task.
535
      --
536
      --  Protection: Part of the synchronization between Self and Activator.
537
      --  Activator writes it, once, before Self starts executing. Self reads
538
      --  it, once, as part of its execution.
539
 
540
      Compiler_Data : System.Soft_Links.TSD;
541
      --  Task-specific data needed by the compiler to store per-task
542
      --  structures.
543
      --
544
      --  Protection: Only accessed by Self
545
 
546
      All_Tasks_Link : Task_Id;
547
      --  Used to link this task to the list of all tasks in the system
548
      --
549
      --  Protection: RTS_Lock
550
 
551
      Activation_Link : Task_Id;
552
      --  Used to link this task to a list of tasks to be activated
553
      --
554
      --  Protection: Only used by Activator
555
 
556
      Activator : Task_Id;
557
      --  The task that created this task, either by declaring it as a task
558
      --  object or by executing a task allocator. The value is null iff Self
559
      --  has completed activation.
560
      --
561
      --  Protection: Set by Activator before Self is activated, and only read
562
      --  and modified by Self after that.
563
 
564
      Wait_Count : Integer;
565
      --  This count is used by a task that is waiting for other tasks. At all
566
      --  other times, the value should be zero. It is used differently in
567
      --  several different states. Since a task cannot be in more than one of
568
      --  these states at the same time, a single counter suffices.
569
      --
570
      --  Protection: Self.L
571
 
572
      --  Activator_Sleep
573
 
574
      --  This is the number of tasks that this task is activating, i.e. the
575
      --  children that have started activation but have not completed it.
576
      --
577
      --  Protection: Self.L and Created.L. Both mutexes must be locked, since
578
      --  Self.Activation_Count and Created.State must be synchronized.
579
 
580
      --  Master_Completion_Sleep (phase 1)
581
 
582
      --  This is the number dependent tasks of a master being completed by
583
      --  Self that are not activated, not terminated, and not waiting on a
584
      --  terminate alternative.
585
 
586
      --  Master_Completion_2_Sleep (phase 2)
587
 
588
      --  This is the count of tasks dependent on a master being completed by
589
      --  Self which are waiting on a terminate alternative.
590
 
591
      Elaborated : Access_Boolean;
592
      --  Pointer to a flag indicating that this task's body has been
593
      --  elaborated. The flag is created and managed by the
594
      --  compiler-generated code.
595
      --
596
      --  Protection: The field itself is only accessed by Activator. The flag
597
      --  that it points to is updated by Master and read by Activator; access
598
      --  is assumed to be atomic.
599
 
600
      Activation_Failed : Boolean;
601
      --  Set to True if activation of a chain of tasks fails,
602
      --  so that the activator should raise Tasking_Error.
603
 
604
      Task_Info : System.Task_Info.Task_Info_Type;
605
      --  System-specific attributes of the task as specified by the
606
      --  Task_Info pragma.
607
 
608
      Analyzer  : System.Stack_Usage.Stack_Analyzer;
609
      --  For storing informations used to measure the stack usage
610
 
611
      Global_Task_Lock_Nesting : Natural;
612
      --  This is the current nesting level of calls to
613
      --  System.Tasking.Initialization.Lock_Task. This allows a task to call
614
      --  Lock_Task multiple times without deadlocking. A task only locks
615
      --  Global_Task_Lock when its Global_Task_Lock_Nesting goes from 0 to 1,
616
      --  and only unlocked when it goes from 1 to 0.
617
      --
618
      --  Protection: Only accessed by Self
619
 
620
      Fall_Back_Handler : Termination_Handler;
621
      --  This is the fall-back handler that applies to the dependent tasks of
622
      --  the task.
623
      --
624
      --  Protection: Self.L
625
 
626
      Specific_Handler : Termination_Handler;
627
      --  This is the specific handler that applies only to this task, and not
628
      --  any of its dependent tasks.
629
      --
630
      --  Protection: Self.L
631
 
632
      Debug_Events : Debug_Event_Array;
633
      --  Word length array of per task debug events, of which 11 kinds are
634
      --  currently defined in System.Tasking.Debugging package.
635
   end record;
636
 
637
   ---------------------------------------
638
   -- Restricted_Ada_Task_Control_Block --
639
   ---------------------------------------
640
 
641
   --  This type should only be used by the restricted GNARLI and by restricted
642
   --  GNULL implementations to allocate an ATCB (see System.Task_Primitives.
643
   --  Operations.New_ATCB) that will take significantly less memory.
644
 
645
   --  Note that the restricted GNARLI should only access fields that are
646
   --  present in the Restricted_Ada_Task_Control_Block structure.
647
 
648
   type Restricted_Ada_Task_Control_Block (Entry_Num : Task_Entry_Index) is
649
   record
650
      Common : Common_ATCB;
651
      --  The common part between various tasking implementations
652
 
653
      Entry_Call : aliased Restricted_Entry_Call_Record;
654
      --  Protection: This field is used on entry call "queues" associated
655
      --  with protected objects, and is protected by the protected object
656
      --  lock.
657
   end record;
658
   pragma Suppress_Initialization (Restricted_Ada_Task_Control_Block);
659
 
660
   Interrupt_Manager_ID : Task_Id;
661
   --  This task ID is declared here to break circular dependencies.
662
   --  Also declare Interrupt_Manager_ID after Task_Id is known, to avoid
663
   --  generating unneeded finalization code.
664
 
665
   -----------------------
666
   -- List of all Tasks --
667
   -----------------------
668
 
669
   All_Tasks_List : Task_Id;
670
   --  Global linked list of all tasks
671
 
672
   ------------------------------------------
673
   -- Regular (non restricted) definitions --
674
   ------------------------------------------
675
 
676
   --------------------------------
677
   -- Master Related Definitions --
678
   --------------------------------
679
 
680
   subtype Master_Level is Integer;
681
   subtype Master_ID is Master_Level;
682
 
683
   --  Normally, a task starts out with internal master nesting level one
684
   --  larger than external master nesting level. It is incremented to one by
685
   --  Enter_Master, which is called in the task body only if the compiler
686
   --  thinks the task may have dependent tasks. It is set to 1 for the
687
   --  environment task, the level 2 is reserved for server tasks of the
688
   --  run-time system (the so called "independent tasks"), and the level 3 is
689
   --  for the library level tasks. Foreign threads which are detected by
690
   --  the run-time have a level of 0, allowing these tasks to be easily
691
   --  distinguished if needed.
692
 
693
   Foreign_Task_Level     : constant Master_Level := 0;
694
   Environment_Task_Level : constant Master_Level := 1;
695
   Independent_Task_Level : constant Master_Level := 2;
696
   Library_Task_Level     : constant Master_Level := 3;
697
 
698
   ------------------------------
699
   -- Task size, priority info --
700
   ------------------------------
701
 
702
   Unspecified_Priority : constant Integer := System.Priority'First - 1;
703
 
704
   Priority_Not_Boosted : constant Integer := System.Priority'First - 1;
705
   --  Definition of Priority actually has to come from the RTS configuration
706
 
707
   subtype Rendezvous_Priority is Integer
708
     range Priority_Not_Boosted .. System.Any_Priority'Last;
709
 
710
   ------------------------------------
711
   -- Rendezvous related definitions --
712
   ------------------------------------
713
 
714
   No_Rendezvous : constant := 0;
715
 
716
   Max_Select : constant Integer := Integer'Last;
717
   --  RTS-defined
718
 
719
   subtype Select_Index is Integer range No_Rendezvous .. Max_Select;
720
   --   type Select_Index is range No_Rendezvous .. Max_Select;
721
 
722
   subtype Positive_Select_Index is
723
     Select_Index range 1 .. Select_Index'Last;
724
 
725
   type Accept_Alternative is record
726
      Null_Body : Boolean;
727
      S         : Task_Entry_Index;
728
   end record;
729
 
730
   type Accept_List is
731
     array (Positive_Select_Index range <>) of Accept_Alternative;
732
 
733
   type Accept_List_Access is access constant Accept_List;
734
 
735
   -----------------------------------
736
   -- ATC_Level related definitions --
737
   -----------------------------------
738
 
739
   Max_ATC_Nesting : constant Natural := 20;
740
 
741
   subtype ATC_Level_Base is Integer range 0 .. Max_ATC_Nesting;
742
 
743
   ATC_Level_Infinity : constant ATC_Level_Base := ATC_Level_Base'Last;
744
 
745
   subtype ATC_Level is ATC_Level_Base range 0 .. ATC_Level_Base'Last - 1;
746
 
747
   subtype ATC_Level_Index is ATC_Level range 1 .. ATC_Level'Last;
748
 
749
   ----------------------------------
750
   -- Entry_Call_Record definition --
751
   ----------------------------------
752
 
753
   type Entry_Call_Record is record
754
      Self  : Task_Id;
755
      --  ID of the caller
756
 
757
      Mode : Call_Modes;
758
 
759
      State : Entry_Call_State;
760
      pragma Atomic (State);
761
      --  Indicates part of the state of the call
762
      --
763
      --  Protection: If the call is not on a queue, it should only be
764
      --  accessed by Self, and Self does not need any lock to modify this
765
      --  field. Once the call is on a queue, the value should be something
766
      --  other than Done unless it is cancelled, and access is controller by
767
      --  the "server" of the queue -- i.e., the lock of Checked_To_Protection
768
      --  (Call_Target) if the call record is on the queue of a PO, or the
769
      --  lock of Called_Target if the call is on the queue of a task. See
770
      --  comments on type declaration for more details.
771
 
772
      Uninterpreted_Data : System.Address;
773
      --  Data passed by the compiler
774
 
775
      Exception_To_Raise : Ada.Exceptions.Exception_Id;
776
      --  The exception to raise once this call has been completed without
777
      --  being aborted.
778
 
779
      Prev : Entry_Call_Link;
780
 
781
      Next : Entry_Call_Link;
782
 
783
      Level : ATC_Level;
784
      --  One of Self and Level are redundant in this implementation, since
785
      --  each Entry_Call_Record is at Self.Entry_Calls (Level). Since we must
786
      --  have access to the entry call record to be reading this, we could
787
      --  get Self from Level, or Level from Self. However, this requires
788
      --  non-portable address arithmetic.
789
 
790
      E : Entry_Index;
791
 
792
      Prio : System.Any_Priority;
793
 
794
      --  The above fields are those that there may be some hope of packing.
795
      --  They are gathered together to allow for compilers that lay records
796
      --  out contiguously, to allow for such packing.
797
 
798
      Called_Task : Task_Id;
799
      pragma Atomic (Called_Task);
800
      --  Use for task entry calls. The value is null if the call record is
801
      --  not in use. Conversely, unless State is Done and Onqueue is false,
802
      --  Called_Task points to an ATCB.
803
      --
804
      --  Protection:  Called_Task.L
805
 
806
      Called_PO : System.Address;
807
      pragma Atomic (Called_PO);
808
      --  Similar to Called_Task but for protected objects
809
      --
810
      --  Note that the previous implementation tried to merge both
811
      --  Called_Task and Called_PO but this ended up in many unexpected
812
      --  complications (e.g having to add a magic number in the ATCB, which
813
      --  caused gdb lots of confusion) with no real gain since the
814
      --  Lock_Server implementation still need to loop around chasing for
815
      --  pointer changes even with a single pointer.
816
 
817
      Acceptor_Prev_Call : Entry_Call_Link;
818
      --  For task entry calls only
819
 
820
      Acceptor_Prev_Priority : Rendezvous_Priority := Priority_Not_Boosted;
821
      --  For task entry calls only. The priority of the most recent prior
822
      --  call being serviced. For protected entry calls, this function should
823
      --  be performed by GNULLI ceiling locking.
824
 
825
      Cancellation_Attempted : Boolean := False;
826
      pragma Atomic (Cancellation_Attempted);
827
      --  Cancellation of the call has been attempted.
828
      --  Consider merging this into State???
829
 
830
      With_Abort : Boolean := False;
831
      --  Tell caller whether the call may be aborted
832
      --  ??? consider merging this with Was_Abortable state
833
 
834
      Needs_Requeue : Boolean := False;
835
      --  Temporary to tell acceptor of task entry call that
836
      --  Exceptional_Complete_Rendezvous needs to do requeue.
837
   end record;
838
 
839
   ------------------------------------
840
   -- Task related other definitions --
841
   ------------------------------------
842
 
843
   type Access_Address is access all System.Address;
844
   --  Anonymous pointer used to implement task attributes (see s-tataat.adb
845
   --  and a-tasatt.adb)
846
 
847
   pragma No_Strict_Aliasing (Access_Address);
848
   --  This type is used in contexts where aliasing may be an issue (see
849
   --  for example s-tataat.adb), so we avoid any incorrect aliasing
850
   --  assumptions.
851
 
852
   ----------------------------------------------
853
   -- Ada_Task_Control_Block (ATCB) definition --
854
   ----------------------------------------------
855
 
856
   type Entry_Call_Array is array (ATC_Level_Index) of
857
     aliased Entry_Call_Record;
858
 
859
   type Direct_Index is range 0 .. Parameters.Default_Attribute_Count;
860
   subtype Direct_Index_Range is Direct_Index range 1 .. Direct_Index'Last;
861
   --  Attributes with indices in this range are stored directly in the task
862
   --  control block. Such attributes must be Address-sized. Other attributes
863
   --  will be held in dynamically allocated records chained off of the task
864
   --  control block.
865
 
866
   type Direct_Attribute_Element is mod Memory_Size;
867
   pragma Atomic (Direct_Attribute_Element);
868
 
869
   type Direct_Attribute_Array is
870
     array (Direct_Index_Range) of aliased Direct_Attribute_Element;
871
 
872
   type Direct_Index_Vector is mod 2 ** Parameters.Default_Attribute_Count;
873
   --  This is a bit-vector type, used to store information about
874
   --  the usage of the direct attribute fields.
875
 
876
   type Task_Serial_Number is mod 2 ** 64;
877
   --  Used to give each task a unique serial number
878
 
879
   type Ada_Task_Control_Block (Entry_Num : Task_Entry_Index) is record
880
      Common : Common_ATCB;
881
      --  The common part between various tasking implementations
882
 
883
      Entry_Calls : Entry_Call_Array;
884
      --  An array of entry calls
885
      --
886
      --  Protection: The elements of this array are on entry call queues
887
      --  associated with protected objects or task entries, and are protected
888
      --  by the protected object lock or Acceptor.L, respectively.
889
 
890
      Entry_Names : Entry_Names_Array_Access := null;
891
      --  An array of string names which denotes entry [family member] names.
892
      --  The structure is indexed by task entry index and contains Entry_Num
893
      --  components.
894
 
895
      New_Base_Priority : System.Any_Priority;
896
      --  New value for Base_Priority (for dynamic priorities package)
897
      --
898
      --  Protection: Self.L
899
 
900
      Open_Accepts : Accept_List_Access;
901
      --  This points to the Open_Accepts array of accept alternatives passed
902
      --  to the RTS by the compiler-generated code to Selective_Wait. It is
903
      --  non-null iff this task is ready to accept an entry call.
904
      --
905
      --  Protection: Self.L
906
 
907
      Chosen_Index : Select_Index;
908
      --  The index in Open_Accepts of the entry call accepted by a selective
909
      --  wait executed by this task.
910
      --
911
      --  Protection: Written by both Self and Caller. Usually protected by
912
      --  Self.L. However, once the selection is known to have been written it
913
      --  can be accessed without protection. This happens after Self has
914
      --  updated it itself using information from a suspended Caller, or
915
      --  after Caller has updated it and awakened Self.
916
 
917
      Master_of_Task : Master_Level;
918
      --  The task executing the master of this task, and the ID of this task's
919
      --  master (unique only among masters currently active within Parent).
920
      --
921
      --  Protection: Set by Activator before Self is activated, and read
922
      --  after Self is activated.
923
 
924
      Master_Within : Master_Level;
925
      --  The ID of the master currently executing within this task; that is,
926
      --  the most deeply nested currently active master.
927
      --
928
      --  Protection: Only written by Self, and only read by Self or by
929
      --  dependents when Self is attempting to exit a master. Since Self will
930
      --  not write this field until the master is complete, the
931
      --  synchronization should be adequate to prevent races.
932
 
933
      Alive_Count : Integer := 0;
934
      --  Number of tasks directly dependent on this task (including itself)
935
      --  that are still "alive", i.e. not terminated.
936
      --
937
      --  Protection: Self.L
938
 
939
      Awake_Count : Integer := 0;
940
      --  Number of tasks directly dependent on this task (including itself)
941
      --  still "awake", i.e., are not terminated and not waiting on a
942
      --  terminate alternative.
943
      --
944
      --  Invariant: Awake_Count <= Alive_Count
945
 
946
      --  Protection: Self.L
947
 
948
      --  Beginning of flags
949
 
950
      Aborting : Boolean := False;
951
      pragma Atomic (Aborting);
952
      --  Self is in the process of aborting. While set, prevents multiple
953
      --  abort signals from being sent by different aborter while abort
954
      --  is acted upon. This is essential since an aborter which calls
955
      --  Abort_To_Level could set the Pending_ATC_Level to yet a lower level
956
      --  (than the current level), may be preempted and would send the
957
      --  abort signal when resuming execution. At this point, the abortee
958
      --  may have completed abort to the proper level such that the
959
      --  signal (and resulting abort exception) are not handled any more.
960
      --  In other words, the flag prevents a race between multiple aborters
961
      --
962
      --  Protection: protected by atomic access.
963
 
964
      ATC_Hack : Boolean := False;
965
      pragma Atomic (ATC_Hack);
966
      --  ?????
967
      --  Temporary fix, to allow Undefer_Abort to reset Aborting in the
968
      --  handler for Abort_Signal that encloses an async. entry call.
969
      --  For the longer term, this should be done via code in the
970
      --  handler itself.
971
 
972
      Callable : Boolean := True;
973
      --  It is OK to call entries of this task
974
 
975
      Dependents_Aborted : Boolean := False;
976
      --  This is set to True by whichever task takes responsibility for
977
      --  aborting the dependents of this task.
978
      --
979
      --  Protection: Self.L
980
 
981
      Interrupt_Entry : Boolean := False;
982
      --  Indicates if one or more Interrupt Entries are attached to the task.
983
      --  This flag is needed for cleaning up the Interrupt Entry bindings.
984
 
985
      Pending_Action : Boolean := False;
986
      --  Unified flag indicating some action needs to be take when abort
987
      --  next becomes undeferred. Currently set if:
988
      --  . Pending_Priority_Change is set
989
      --  . Pending_ATC_Level is changed
990
      --  . Requeue involving POs
991
      --    (Abortable field may have changed and the Wait_Until_Abortable
992
      --     has to recheck the abortable status of the call.)
993
      --  . Exception_To_Raise is non-null
994
      --
995
      --  Protection: Self.L
996
      --
997
      --  This should never be reset back to False outside of the procedure
998
      --  Do_Pending_Action, which is called by Undefer_Abort. It should only
999
      --  be set to True by Set_Priority and Abort_To_Level.
1000
 
1001
      Pending_Priority_Change : Boolean := False;
1002
      --  Flag to indicate pending priority change (for dynamic priorities
1003
      --  package). The base priority is updated on the next abort
1004
      --  completion point (aka. synchronization point).
1005
      --
1006
      --  Protection: Self.L
1007
 
1008
      Terminate_Alternative : Boolean := False;
1009
      --  Task is accepting Select with Terminate Alternative
1010
      --
1011
      --  Protection: Self.L
1012
 
1013
      --  End of flags
1014
 
1015
      --  Beginning of counts
1016
 
1017
      ATC_Nesting_Level : ATC_Level := 1;
1018
      --  The dynamic level of ATC nesting (currently executing nested
1019
      --  asynchronous select statements) in this task.
1020
 
1021
      --  Protection: Self_ID.L. Only Self reads or updates this field.
1022
      --  Decrementing it deallocates an Entry_Calls component, and care must
1023
      --  be taken that all references to that component are eliminated before
1024
      --  doing the decrement. This in turn will require locking a protected
1025
      --  object (for a protected entry call) or the Acceptor's lock (for a
1026
      --  task entry call). No other task should attempt to read or modify
1027
      --  this value.
1028
 
1029
      Deferral_Level : Natural := 1;
1030
      --  This is the number of times that Defer_Abort has been called by
1031
      --  this task without a matching Undefer_Abort call. Abortion is only
1032
      --  allowed when this zero. It is initially 1, to protect the task at
1033
      --  startup.
1034
 
1035
      --  Protection: Only updated by Self; access assumed to be atomic
1036
 
1037
      Pending_ATC_Level : ATC_Level_Base := ATC_Level_Infinity;
1038
      --  The ATC level to which this task is currently being aborted. If the
1039
      --  value is zero, the entire task has "completed". That may be via
1040
      --  abort, exception propagation, or normal exit. If the value is
1041
      --  ATC_Level_Infinity, the task is not being aborted to any level. If
1042
      --  the value is positive, the task has not completed. This should ONLY
1043
      --  be modified by Abort_To_Level and Exit_One_ATC_Level.
1044
      --
1045
      --  Protection: Self.L
1046
 
1047
      Serial_Number : Task_Serial_Number;
1048
      --  A growing number to provide some way to check locking  rules/ordering
1049
 
1050
      Known_Tasks_Index : Integer := -1;
1051
      --  Index in the System.Tasking.Debug.Known_Tasks array
1052
 
1053
      User_State : Long_Integer := 0;
1054
      --  User-writeable location, for use in debugging tasks; also provides a
1055
      --  simple task specific data.
1056
 
1057
      Direct_Attributes : Direct_Attribute_Array;
1058
      --  For task attributes that have same size as Address
1059
 
1060
      Is_Defined : Direct_Index_Vector := 0;
1061
      --  Bit I is 1 iff Direct_Attributes (I) is defined
1062
 
1063
      Indirect_Attributes : Access_Address;
1064
      --  A pointer to chain of records for other attributes that are not
1065
      --  address-sized, including all tagged types.
1066
 
1067
      Entry_Queues : Task_Entry_Queue_Array (1 .. Entry_Num);
1068
      --  An array of task entry queues
1069
      --
1070
      --  Protection: Self.L. Once a task has set Self.Stage to Completing, it
1071
      --  has exclusive access to this field.
1072
   end record;
1073
 
1074
   --------------------
1075
   -- Initialization --
1076
   --------------------
1077
 
1078
   procedure Initialize;
1079
   --  This procedure constitutes the first part of the initialization of the
1080
   --  GNARL. This includes creating data structures to make the initial thread
1081
   --  into the environment task. The last part of the initialization is done
1082
   --  in System.Tasking.Initialization or System.Tasking.Restricted.Stages.
1083
   --  All the initializations used to be in Tasking.Initialization, but this
1084
   --  is no longer possible with the run time simplification (including
1085
   --  optimized PO and the restricted run time) since one cannot rely on
1086
   --  System.Tasking.Initialization being present, as was done before.
1087
 
1088
   procedure Initialize_ATCB
1089
     (Self_ID          : Task_Id;
1090
      Task_Entry_Point : Task_Procedure_Access;
1091
      Task_Arg         : System.Address;
1092
      Parent           : Task_Id;
1093
      Elaborated       : Access_Boolean;
1094
      Base_Priority    : System.Any_Priority;
1095
      Task_Info        : System.Task_Info.Task_Info_Type;
1096
      Stack_Size       : System.Parameters.Size_Type;
1097
      T                : Task_Id;
1098
      Success          : out Boolean);
1099
   --  Initialize fields of a TCB and link into global TCB structures Call
1100
   --  this only with abort deferred and holding RTS_Lock. Need more
1101
   --  documentation, mention T, and describe Success ???
1102
 
1103
private
1104
 
1105
   Null_Task : constant Task_Id := null;
1106
 
1107
   type Activation_Chain is limited record
1108
      T_ID : Task_Id;
1109
   end record;
1110
 
1111
   --  Activation_Chain is an in-out parameter of initialization procedures and
1112
   --  it must be passed by reference because the init proc may terminate
1113
   --  abnormally after creating task components, and these must be properly
1114
   --  registered for removal (Expunge_Unactivated_Tasks). The "limited" forces
1115
   --  Activation_Chain to be a by-reference type; see RM-6.2(4).
1116
 
1117
end System.Tasking;

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