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1 424 jeremybenn
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1">
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<title>Tables</title>
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</head>
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7
<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
8
 
9
<h1>Tables</h1>
10
 
11
<p>Most of the requirements on containers are presented in the ISO standard
12
   in the form of tables.  In order to avoid massive duplication of effort
13
   while documenting all the classes, we follow the standard's lead and
14
   present the base information here.  Individual classes will only document
15
   their departures from these tables (removed functions, additional functions,
16
   changes, etc).
17
</p>
18
 
19
<p>We will not try to duplicate all of the surrounding text (footnotes,
20
   explanations, etc.) from the standard, because that would also entail a
21
   duplication of effort.  Some of the surrounding text has been paraphrased
22
   here for clarity.  If you are uncertain about the meaning or interpretation
23
   of these notes, consult a good textbook, and/or purchase your own copy of
24
   the standard (it's cheap, see our FAQ).
25
</p>
26
 
27
<p>The table numbers are the same as those used in the standard.  Tables can
28
   be jumped to using their number, e.g., &quot;tables.html#67&quot;.  Only
29
   Tables 65 through 69 are presented.  Some of the active Defect Reports
30
   are also noted or incorporated.
31
</p>
32
 
33
<hr />
34
 
35
<a name="65"><p>
36
<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
37
       cols="5" title="Table 65">
38
<caption><h2>Table 65 --- Container Requirements</h2></caption>
39
<tr><th colspan="5">
40
Anything calling itself a container must meet these minimum requirements.
41
</th></tr>
42
<tr>
43
<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
44
<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
45
<td><strong>operational semantics</strong></td>
46
<td><strong>notes, pre-/post-conditions, assertions</strong></td>
47
<td><strong>complexity</strong></td>
48
</tr>
49
 
50
<tr>
51
<td>X::value_type</td>
52
<td>T</td>
53
<td>&nbsp;</td>
54
<td>T is Assignable</td>
55
<td>compile time</td>
56
</tr>
57
 
58
<tr>
59
<td>X::reference</td>
60
<td>lvalue of T</td>
61
<td>&nbsp;</td>
62
<td>&nbsp;</td>
63
<td>compile time</td>
64
</tr>
65
 
66
<tr>
67
<td>X::const_reference</td>
68
<td>const lvalue of T</td>
69
<td>&nbsp;</td>
70
<td>&nbsp;</td>
71
<td>compile time</td>
72
</tr>
73
 
74
<tr>
75
<td>X::iterator</td>
76
<td>iterator type pointing to T</td>
77
<td>&nbsp;</td>
78
<td>Any iterator category except output iterator.
79
    Convertible to X::const_iterator.</td>
80
<td>compile time</td>
81
</tr>
82
 
83
<tr>
84
<td>X::const_iterator</td>
85
<td>iterator type pointing to const T</td>
86
<td>&nbsp;</td>
87
<td>Any iterator category except output iterator.</td>
88
<td>compile time</td>
89
</tr>
90
 
91
<tr>
92
<td>X::difference_type</td>
93
<td>signed integral type</td>
94
<td>&nbsp;</td>
95
<td>identical to the difference type of X::iterator and X::const_iterator</td>
96
<td>compile time</td>
97
</tr>
98
 
99
<tr>
100
<td>X::size_type</td>
101
<td>unsigned integral type</td>
102
<td>&nbsp;</td>
103
<td>size_type can represent any non-negative value of difference_type</td>
104
<td>compile time</td>
105
</tr>
106
 
107
<tr>
108
<td>X u;</td>
109
<td>&nbsp;</td>
110
<td>&nbsp;</td>
111
<td>post: u.size() == 0</td>
112
<td>constant</td>
113
</tr>
114
 
115
<tr>
116
<td>X();</td>
117
<td>&nbsp;</td>
118
<td>&nbsp;</td>
119
<td>X().size == 0</td>
120
<td>constant</td>
121
</tr>
122
 
123
<tr>
124
<td>X(a);</td>
125
<td>&nbsp;</td>
126
<td>&nbsp;</td>
127
<td>a == X(a)</td>
128
<td>linear</td>
129
</tr>
130
 
131
<tr>
132
<td>X u(a);<br />X u = a;</td>
133
<td>&nbsp;</td>
134
<td>&nbsp;</td>
135
<td>post: u == a.  Equivalent to: X u; u = a;</td>
136
<td>linear</td>
137
</tr>
138
 
139
<tr>
140
<td>(&amp;a)-&gt;~X();</td>
141
<td>void</td>
142
<td>&nbsp;</td>
143
<td>dtor is applied to every element of a; all the memory is deallocated</td>
144
<td>linear</td>
145
</tr>
146
 
147
<tr>
148
<td>a.begin()</td>
149
<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
150
<td>&nbsp;</td>
151
<td>&nbsp;</td>
152
<td>constant</td>
153
</tr>
154
 
155
<tr>
156
<td>a.end()</td>
157
<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
158
<td>&nbsp;</td>
159
<td>&nbsp;</td>
160
<td>constant</td>
161
</tr>
162
 
163
<tr>
164
<td>a == b</td>
165
<td>convertible to bool</td>
166
<td>&nbsp;</td>
167
<td>== is an equivalence relation.  a.size()==b.size() &amp;&amp;
168
    equal(a.begin(),a.end(),b.begin())</td>
169
<td>linear</td>
170
</tr>
171
 
172
<tr>
173
<td>a != b</td>
174
<td>convertible to bool</td>
175
<td>&nbsp;</td>
176
<td>equivalent to !(a==b)</td>
177
<td>linear</td>
178
</tr>
179
 
180
<tr>
181
<td>a.swap(b)</td>
182
<td>void</td>
183
<td>&nbsp;</td>
184
<td>swap(a,b)</td>
185
<td>may or may not have constant complexity</td>
186
</tr>
187
 
188
<tr>
189
<td>r = a</td>
190
<td>X&amp;</td>
191
<td>&nbsp;</td>
192
<td>r == a</td>
193
<td>linear</td>
194
</tr>
195
 
196
<!-- a fifth column, "operation semantics," magically appears in the table
197
     at this point... wtf?  -->
198
<tr>
199
<td>a.size()</td>
200
<td>size_type</td>
201
<td>a.end() - a.begin()</td>
202
<td>&nbsp;</td>
203
<td>may or may not have constant complexity</td>
204
</tr>
205
 
206
<tr>
207
<td>a.max_size()</td>
208
<td>size_type</td>
209
<td>size() of the largest possible container</td>
210
<td>&nbsp;</td>
211
<td>may or may not have constant complexity</td>
212
</tr>
213
 
214
<tr>
215
<td>a.empty()</td>
216
<td>convertible to bool</td>
217
<td>a.size() == 0</td>
218
<td>&nbsp;</td>
219
<td>constant</td>
220
</tr>
221
 
222
<tr>
223
<td>a &lt; b</td>
224
<td>convertible to bool</td>
225
<td>lexographical_compare( a.begin, a.end(), b.begin(), b.end())</td>
226
<td>pre: &lt; is defined for T and is a total ordering relation</td>
227
<td>linear</td>
228
</tr>
229
 
230
<tr>
231
<td>a &gt; b</td>
232
<td>convertible to bool</td>
233
<td>b &lt; a</td>
234
<td>&nbsp;</td>
235
<td>linear</td>
236
</tr>
237
 
238
<tr>
239
<td>a &lt;= b</td>
240
<td>convertible to bool</td>
241
<td>!(a &gt; b)</td>
242
<td>&nbsp;</td>
243
<td>linear</td>
244
</tr>
245
 
246
<tr>
247
<td>a &gt;= b</td>
248
<td>convertible to bool</td>
249
<td>!(a &lt; b)</td>
250
<td>&nbsp;</td>
251
<td>linear</td>
252
</tr>
253
</table title="Table 65"></p></a>
254
 
255
 
256
<a name="66"><p>
257
<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
258
       cols="4" title="Table 66">
259
<caption><h2>Table 66 --- Reversible Container Requirements</h2></caption>
260
<tr><th colspan="4">
261
If a container's iterator is bidirectional or random-access, then the
262
container also meets these requirements.
263
Deque, list, vector, map, multimap, set, and multiset are such containers.
264
</th></tr>
265
<tr>
266
<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
267
<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
268
<td><strong>notes, pre-/post-conditions, assertions</strong></td>
269
<td><strong>complexity</strong></td>
270
</tr>
271
 
272
<tr>
273
<td>X::reverse_iterator</td>
274
<td>iterator type pointing to T</td>
275
<td>reverse_iterator&lt;iterator&gt;</td>
276
<td>compile time</td>
277
</tr>
278
 
279
<tr>
280
<td>X::const_reverse_iterator</td>
281
<td>iterator type pointing to const T</td>
282
<td>reverse_iterator&lt;const_iterator&gt;</td>
283
<td>compile time</td>
284
</tr>
285
 
286
<tr>
287
<td>a.rbegin()</td>
288
<td>reverse_iterator; const_reverse_iterator for constant a</td>
289
<td>reverse_iterator(end())</td>
290
<td>constant</td>
291
</tr>
292
 
293
<tr>
294
<td>a.rend()</td>
295
<td>reverse_iterator; const_reverse_iterator for constant a</td>
296
<td>reverse_iterator(begin())</td>
297
<td>constant</td>
298
</tr>
299
</table title="Table 66"></p></a>
300
 
301
 
302
<a name="67"><p>
303
<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
304
       cols="3" title="Table 67">
305
<caption><h2>Table 67 --- Sequence Requirements</h2></caption>
306
<tr><th colspan="3">
307
These are in addition to the requirements of <a href="#65">containers</a>.
308
Deque, list, and vector are such containers.
309
</th></tr>
310
<tr>
311
<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
312
<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
313
<td><strong>notes, pre-/post-conditions, assertions</strong></td>
314
</tr>
315
 
316
<tr>
317
<td>X(n,t)<br />X a(n,t)</td>
318
<td>&nbsp;</td>
319
<td>constructs a sequence with n copies of t<br />post: size() == n</td>
320
</tr>
321
 
322
<tr>
323
<td>X(i,j)<br />X a(i,j)</td>
324
<td>&nbsp;</td>
325
<td>constructs a sequence equal to the range [i,j)<br />
326
    post: size() == distance(i,j)</td>
327
</tr>
328
 
329
<tr>
330
<td>a.insert(p,t)</td>
331
<td>iterator (points to the inserted copy of t)</td>
332
<td>inserts a copy of t before p</td>
333
</tr>
334
 
335
<tr>
336
<td>a.insert(p,n,t)</td>
337
<td>void</td>
338
<td>inserts n copies of t before p</td>
339
</tr>
340
 
341
<tr>
342
<td>a.insert(p,i,j)</td>
343
<td>void</td>
344
<td>inserts copies of elements in [i,j) before p<br />
345
    pre: i, j are not iterators into a</td>
346
</tr>
347
 
348
<tr>
349
<td>a.erase(q)</td>
350
<td>iterator (points to the element following q (prior to erasure))</td>
351
<td>erases the element pointed to by q</td>
352
</tr>
353
 
354
<tr>
355
<td>a.erase(q1,q1)</td>
356
<td>iterator (points to the element pointed to by q2 (prior to erasure))</td>
357
<td>erases the elements in the range [q1,q2)</td>
358
</tr>
359
 
360
<tr>
361
<td>a.clear()</td>
362
<td>void</td>
363
<td>erase(begin(),end())<br />post: size() == 0</td>
364
</tr>
365
</table title="Table 67"></p></a>
366
 
367
 
368
<a name="68"><p>
369
<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
370
       cols="4" title="Table 68">
371
<caption><h2>Table 68 --- Optional Sequence Operations</h2></caption>
372
<tr><th colspan="4">
373
These operations are only included in containers when the operation can be
374
done in constant time.
375
</th></tr>
376
<tr>
377
<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
378
<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
379
<td><strong>operational semantics</strong></td>
380
<td><strong>container</strong></td>
381
</tr>
382
 
383
<tr>
384
<td>a.front()</td>
385
<td>reference; const_reference for constant a</td>
386
<td>*a.begin()</td>
387
<td>vector, list, deque</td>
388
</tr>
389
 
390
<tr>
391
<td>a.back()</td>
392
<td>reference; const_reference for constant a</td>
393
<td>*--a.end()</td>
394
<td>vector, list, deque</td>
395
</tr>
396
 
397
<tr>
398
<td>a.push_front(x)</td>
399
<td>void</td>
400
<td>a.insert(a.begin(),x)</td>
401
<td>list, deque</td>
402
</tr>
403
 
404
<tr>
405
<td>a.push_back(x)</td>
406
<td>void</td>
407
<td>a.insert(a.end(),x)</td>
408
<td>vector, list, deque</td>
409
</tr>
410
 
411
<tr>
412
<td>a.pop_front()</td>
413
<td>void</td>
414
<td>a.erase(a.begin())</td>
415
<td>list, deque</td>
416
</tr>
417
 
418
<tr>
419
<td>a.pop_back()</td>
420
<td>void</td>
421
<td>a.erase(--a.end())</td>
422
<td>vector, list, deque</td>
423
</tr>
424
 
425
<tr>
426
<td>a[n]</td>
427
<td>reference; const_reference for constant a</td>
428
<td>*(a.begin() + n)</td>
429
<td>vector, deque</td>
430
</tr>
431
 
432
<tr>
433
<td>a.at(n)</td>
434
<td>reference; const_reference for constant a</td>
435
<td>*(a.begin() + n)<br />throws out_of_range if n&gt;=a.size()</td>
436
<td>vector, deque</td>
437
</tr>
438
</table title="Table 68"></p></a>
439
 
440
 
441
<a name="69"><p>
442
<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
443
       cols="4" title="Table 69">
444
<caption><h2>Table 69 --- Associative Container Requirements</h2></caption>
445
<tr><th colspan="4">
446
These are in addition to the requirements of <a href="#65">containers</a>.
447
Map, multimap, set, and multiset are such containers.  An associative
448
container supports <em>unique keys</em> (and is written as
449
<code>a_uniq</code> instead of <code>a</code>) if it may contain at most
450
one element for each key.  Otherwise it supports <em>equivalent keys</em>
451
(and is written <code>a_eq</code>).  Examples of the former are set and map,
452
examples of the latter are multiset and multimap.
453
</th></tr>
454
<tr>
455
<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
456
<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
457
<td><strong>notes, pre-/post-conditions, assertions</strong></td>
458
<td><strong>complexity</strong></td>
459
</tr>
460
 
461
<tr>
462
<td>X::key_type</td>
463
<td>Key</td>
464
<td>Key is Assignable</td>
465
<td>compile time</td>
466
</tr>
467
 
468
<tr>
469
<td>X::key_compare</td>
470
<td>Compare</td>
471
<td>defaults to less&lt;key_type&gt;</td>
472
<td>compile time</td>
473
</tr>
474
 
475
<tr>
476
<td>X::value_compare</td>
477
<td>a binary predicate type</td>
478
<td>same as key_compare for set and multiset; an ordering relation on
479
    pairs induced by the first component (Key) for map and multimap</td>
480
<td>compile time</td>
481
</tr>
482
 
483
<tr>
484
<td>X(c)<br />X a(c)</td>
485
<td>&nbsp;</td>
486
<td>constructs an empty container which uses c as a comparison object</td>
487
<td>constant</td>
488
</tr>
489
 
490
<tr>
491
<td>X()<br />X a</td>
492
<td>&nbsp;</td>
493
<td>constructs an empty container using Compare() as a comparison object</td>
494
<td>constant</td>
495
</tr>
496
 
497
<tr>
498
<td>X(i,j,c)<br />X a(i,j,c)</td>
499
<td>&nbsp;</td>
500
<td>constructs an empty container and inserts elements from the range [i,j)
501
    into it; uses c as a comparison object</td>
502
<td>NlogN in general where N is distance(i,j); linear if [i,j) is
503
    sorted with value_comp()</td>
504
</tr>
505
 
506
<tr>
507
<td>X(i,j)<br />X a(i,j)</td>
508
<td>&nbsp;</td>
509
<td>same as previous, but uses Compare() as a comparison object</td>
510
<td>same as previous</td>
511
</tr>
512
 
513
<tr>
514
<td>a.key_comp()</td>
515
<td>X::key_compare</td>
516
<td>returns the comparison object out of which a was constructed</td>
517
<td>constant</td>
518
</tr>
519
 
520
<tr>
521
<td>a.value_comp()</td>
522
<td>X::value_compare</td>
523
<td>returns an object constructed out of the comparison object</td>
524
<td>constant</td>
525
</tr>
526
 
527
<tr>
528
<td>a_uniq.insert(t)</td>
529
<td>pair&lt;iterator,bool&gt;</td>
530
<td>&quot;Inserts t if and only if there is no element in the container with
531
    key equivalent to the key of t. The bool component of the returned pair
532
    is true -iff- the insertion took place, and the iterator component of
533
    the pair points to the element with key equivalent to the key of
534
    t.&quot;</td> <!-- DR 316 -->
535
<td>logarithmic</td>
536
</tr>
537
 
538
<tr>
539
<td>a_eq.insert(t)</td>
540
<td>iterator</td>
541
<td>inserts t, returns the iterator pointing to the inserted element</td>
542
<td>logarithmic</td>
543
</tr>
544
 
545
<tr>
546
<td>a.insert(p,t)</td>
547
<td>iterator</td>
548
<td>possibly inserts t (depending on whether a_uniq or a_eq); returns iterator
549
    pointing to the element with key equivalent to the key of t; iterator p
550
    is a hint pointing to where the insert should start to search</td>
551
<td>logarithmic in general, amortized constant if t is inserted right
552
    after p<br />
553
    <strong>[but see DR 233 and <a href="
554
    http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/23_containers/howto.html#4">our
555
    specific notes</a>]</strong></td>
556
</tr>
557
 
558
<tr>
559
<td>a.insert(i,j)</td>
560
<td>void</td>
561
<td>pre: i, j are not iterators into a.  possibly inserts each element from
562
    the range [i,j) (depending on whether a_uniq or a_eq)</td>
563
<td>Nlog(size()+N) where N is distance(i,j) in general</td> <!-- DR 264 -->
564
</tr>
565
 
566
<tr>
567
<td>a.erase(k)</td>
568
<td>size_type</td>
569
<td>erases all elements with key equivalent to k; returns number of erased
570
    elements</td>
571
<td>log(size()) + count(k)</td>
572
</tr>
573
 
574
<tr>
575
<td>a.erase(q)</td>
576
<td>void</td>
577
<td>erases the element pointed to by q</td>
578
<td>amortized constant</td>
579
</tr>
580
 
581
<tr>
582
<td>a.erase(q1,q2)</td>
583
<td>void</td>
584
<td>erases all the elements in the range [q1,q2)</td>
585
<td>log(size()) + distance(q1,q2)</td>
586
</tr>
587
 
588
<tr>
589
<td>a.clear()</td>
590
<td>void</td>
591
<td>erases everything; post: size() == 0</td>
592
<td>linear</td> <!-- DR 224 -->
593
</tr>
594
 
595
<tr>
596
<td>a.find(k)</td>
597
<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
598
<td>returns iterator pointing to element with key equivalent to k, or
599
    a.end() if no such element found</td>
600
<td>logarithmic</td>
601
</tr>
602
 
603
<tr>
604
<td>a.count(k)</td>
605
<td>size_type</td>
606
<td>returns number of elements with key equivalent to k</td>
607
<td>log(size()) + count(k)</td>
608
</tr>
609
 
610
<tr>
611
<td>a.lower_bound(k)</td>
612
<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
613
<td>returns iterator pointing to the first element with key not less than k</td>
614
<td>logarithmic</td>
615
</tr>
616
 
617
<tr>
618
<td>a.upper_bound(k)</td>
619
<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
620
<td>returns iterator pointing to the first element with key greater than k</td>
621
<td>logarithmic</td>
622
</tr>
623
 
624
<tr>
625
<td>a.equal_range(k)</td>
626
<td>pair&lt;iterator,iterator&gt;;
627
    pair&lt;const_iterator, const_iterator&gt; for constant a</td>
628
<td>equivalent to make_pair(a.lower_bound(k), a.upper_bound(k))</td>
629
<td>logarithmic</td>
630
</tr>
631
</table title="Table 69"></p></a>
632
 
633
 
634
<hr />
635
<p class="smallertext"><em>
636
See <a href="mainpage.html">mainpage.html</a> for copying conditions.
637
See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/libstdc++/">the libstdc++ homepage</a>
638
for more information.
639
</em></p>
640
 
641
 
642
</body>
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</html>
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