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<!-- Copyright (C) 2003 Red Hat, Inc.                                -->
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>Configuring the RedBoot Environment</TITLE
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>eCos Reference Manual</TH
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="resource-usage.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
59 
>Prev</A
60 
></TD
61 
><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
63 
ALIGN="center"
64 
VALIGN="bottom"
65 
>Chapter 1. Getting Started with RedBoot</TD
66 
><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="redboot-commands-and-examples.html"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><H1
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CLASS="SECT1"
84 
><A
85 
NAME="CONFIGURING-THE-REDBOOT-ENVIRONMENT">Configuring the RedBoot Environment</H1
86 
><P
87 
>Once installed, RedBoot will operate fairly generically. However,
88 
there are some features that can be configured for a particular installation.
89 
These depend primarily on whether flash and/or networking support are available. The remainder
90 
of this discussion assumes that support for both of these options is included
91 
in RedBoot.</P
92 
><DIV
93 
CLASS="SECT2"
94 
><H2
95 
CLASS="SECT2"
96 
><A
97 
NAME="TARGET-NETWORK-CONFIGURATION">Target Network Configuration</H2
98 
><P
99 
>Each node in a networked
100 
system needs to have a unique address. Since the network support in RedBoot
101 
is based on TCP/IP, this address
102 
is an IP (Internet Protocol) address. There are two ways for a system to &#8220;know&#8221;
103 
its IP address. First, it can be stored locally on the platform. This is known
104 
as having a static IP address. Second, the system can use the network itself
105 
to discover its IP address. This is known as a dynamic IP address. RedBoot
106 
supports this dynamic IP address mode by use of the BOOTP (a subset of DHCP) protocol. In this case, RedBoot will ask the network (actually
107 
some generic server on the network) for the IP address to use.</P
108 
><DIV
109 
CLASS="NOTE"
110 
><BLOCKQUOTE
111 
CLASS="NOTE"
112 
><P
113 
><B
114 
>NOTE: </B
115 
>Currently, RedBoot only supports BOOTP. In future releases, DHCP may
116 
also be supported, but such support will be limited to additional data items,
117 
not lease-based address allocation.</P
118 
></BLOCKQUOTE
119 
></DIV
120 
><P
121 
>The choice of IP
122 
address type is made via the <B
123 
CLASS="COMMAND"
124 
>fconfig</B
125 
> command. Once a selection
126 
is made, it will be stored in flash memory. RedBoot only queries the flash
127 
configuration information at reset, so any changes will require restarting
128 
the platform.</P
129 
><P
130 
>Here is an example of the RedBoot <B
131 
CLASS="COMMAND"
132 
>fconfig</B
133 
>
134 
command, showing network addressing:    </P
135 
><TABLE
136 
BORDER="5"
137 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
138 
WIDTH="70%"
139 
><TR
140 
><TD
141 
><PRE
142 
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
143 
>RedBoot&#62; <TT
144 
CLASS="USERINPUT"
145 
><B
146 
>fconfig -l</B
147 
></TT
148 
>
149 
Run script at boot: false
150 
Use BOOTP for network configuration: false
151 
Local IP address: 192.168.1.29
152 
Default server IP address: 192.168.1.101
153 
DNS server IP address: 192.168.1.1
154 
GDB connection port: 9000
155 
Network debug at boot time: false  </PRE
156 
></TD
157 
></TR
158 
></TABLE
159 
><P
160 
>In this case, the board has been configured with a static IP address
161 
listed as the Local IP address. The default server IP address specifies which
162 
network node to communicate with for TFTP service. This address can be overridden
163 
directly in the TFTP
164 
commands.</P
165 
><P
166 
>The <TT
167 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
168 
>DNS server IP address</TT
169 
> option
170 
controls where RedBoot should make DNS lookups. A setting of 0.0.0.0 will disable DNS
171 
lookups. The DNS server IP address can also be set at runtime.</P
172 
><P
173 
>If the selection for <TT
174 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
175 
>Use BOOTP for network configuration</TT
176 
> had been <TT
177 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
178 
>true</TT
179 
>, these IP
180 
addresses would be determined at boot time, via the BOOTP protocol. The final
181 
number which needs to be configured, regardless of IP address selection mode,
182 
is the <TT
183 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
184 
>GDB connection port</TT
185 
>. RedBoot allows for incoming commands
186 
on either the available serial ports or via the network. This port number
187 
is the TCP port that RedBoot will use to accept incoming connections.  </P
188 
><P
189 
>These connections can be used for GDB sessions, but they can also be
190 
used for generic RedBoot commands. In particular, it is possible to communicate
191 
with RedBoot via the telnet
192 
protocol. For example, on Linux&reg;: </P
193 
><TABLE
194 
BORDER="5"
195 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
196 
WIDTH="70%"
197 
><TR
198 
><TD
199 
><PRE
200 
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
201 
>% telnet redboot_board 9000
202 
Connected to redboot_board
203 
Escape character is &#8216;^]&#8217;.
204 
RedBoot&#62;  </PRE
205 
></TD
206 
></TR
207 
></TABLE
208 
></DIV
209 
><DIV
210 
CLASS="SECT2"
211 
><H2
212 
CLASS="SECT2"
213 
><A
214 
NAME="AEN2722">Host Network Configuration</H2
215 
><P
216 
>RedBoot
217 
may require three different classes of service from a network host:   </P
218 
><P
219 
></P
220 
><UL
221 
><LI
222 
><P
223 
>dynamic IP address allocation, using BOOTP   </P
224 
></LI
225 
><LI
226 
><P
227 
>TFTP service for file downloading </P
228 
></LI
229 
><LI
230 
><P
231 
>DNS server for hostname lookups </P
232 
></LI
233 
></UL
234 
><P
235 
>Depending on the host system, these services may or may not be available
236 
or enabled by default. See your system documentation for more details.</P
237 
><P
238 
>In particular, on Red Hat Linux, neither of these services will be configured
239 
out of the box. The following will provide a limited explanation of how to
240 
set them up. These configuration setups must be done as <TT
241 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
242 
>root</TT
243 
> on the host or server machine.</P
244 
><DIV
245 
CLASS="SECT3"
246 
><H3
247 
CLASS="SECT3"
248 
><A
249 
NAME="AEN2743">Enable TFTP on Red Hat Linux 6.2</H3
250 
><DIV
251 
CLASS="PROCEDURE"
252 
><OL
253 
TYPE="1"
254 
><LI
255 
><P
256 
>Ensure that
257 
you have the tftp-server RPM package installed. By default, this installs
258 
the TFTP server in a disabled state. These steps will enable it:</P
259 
></LI
260 
><LI
261 
><P
262 
>Make sure that the following line is uncommented in the control
263 
file <TT
264 
CLASS="FILENAME"
265 
>/etc/inetd.conf</TT
266 
> <TABLE
267 
BORDER="5"
268 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
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WIDTH="70%"
270 
><TR
271 
><TD
272 
><PRE
273 
CLASS="SCREEN"
274 
>tftp dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd      /usr/sbin/in.tftpd</PRE
275 
></TD
276 
></TR
277 
></TABLE
278 
></P
279 
><P
280 
></P
281 
></LI
282 
><LI
283 
><P
284 
>If it was necessary to change the line in Step 2, then the inetd
285 
server must be restarted, which can be done via the command:    <TABLE
286 
BORDER="5"
287 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
288 
WIDTH="70%"
289 
><TR
290 
><TD
291 
><PRE
292 
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
293 
># service inet reload</PRE
294 
></TD
295 
></TR
296 
></TABLE
297 
></P
298 
></LI
299 
></OL
300 
></DIV
301 
></DIV
302 
><DIV
303 
CLASS="SECT3"
304 
><H3
305 
CLASS="SECT3"
306 
><A
307 
NAME="AEN2762">Enable TFTP on Red Hat Linux 7 (or newer)</H3
308 
><DIV
309 
CLASS="PROCEDURE"
310 
><OL
311 
TYPE="1"
312 
><LI
313 
><P
314 
>Ensure that the
315 
xinetd RPM is installed.</P
316 
></LI
317 
><LI
318 
><P
319 
>Ensure that the tftp-server RPM is installed.</P
320 
></LI
321 
><LI
322 
><P
323 
>Enable TFTP by means of the following: <TABLE
324 
BORDER="5"
325 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
326 
WIDTH="70%"
327 
><TR
328 
><TD
329 
><PRE
330 
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
331 
>/sbin/chkconfig tftp on</PRE
332 
></TD
333 
></TR
334 
></TABLE
335 
>Reload the xinetd configuration using the command:<TABLE
336 
BORDER="5"
337 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
338 
WIDTH="70%"
339 
><TR
340 
><TD
341 
><PRE
342 
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
343 
> /sbin/service xinetd reload </PRE
344 
></TD
345 
></TR
346 
></TABLE
347 
>Create the directory /tftpboot
348 
using the command <TABLE
349 
BORDER="5"
350 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
351 
WIDTH="70%"
352 
><TR
353 
><TD
354 
><PRE
355 
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
356 
>mkdir /tftpboot</PRE
357 
></TD
358 
></TR
359 
></TABLE
360 
></P
361 
></LI
362 
></OL
363 
></DIV
364 
><DIV
365 
CLASS="NOTE"
366 
><BLOCKQUOTE
367 
CLASS="NOTE"
368 
><P
369 
><B
370 
>NOTE: </B
371 
>Under Red Hat 7 you must address files by absolute pathnames, for example: <TT
372 
CLASS="FILENAME"
373 
>/tftpboot/boot.img</TT
374 
> not <TT
375 
CLASS="FILENAME"
376 
>/boot.img</TT
377 
>, as you may have done with
378 
other implementations.
379 
On systems newer than Red Hat 7 (7.1 and beyond), filenames are once again relative to the
380 
<TT
381 
CLASS="FILENAME"
382 
>/tftpboot</TT
383 
> directory.</P
384 
></BLOCKQUOTE
385 
></DIV
386 
></DIV
387 
><DIV
388 
CLASS="SECT3"
389 
><H3
390 
CLASS="SECT3"
391 
><A
392 
NAME="AEN2786">Enable BOOTP/DHCP server on Red Hat Linux</H3
393 
><P
394 
>First, ensure that you have
395 
the proper package, <TT
396 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
397 
>dhcp</TT
398 
> (not <TT
399 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
400 
>dhcpd</TT
401 
>) installed. The DHCP server provides Dynamic Host Configuration,
402 
that is, IP address and other data to hosts on a network. It does this in
403 
different ways. Next, there can be a fixed relationship between a certain
404 
node and the data, based on that node&#8217;s unique Ethernet Station Address
405 
(ESA, sometimes called a MAC address). The other possibility is simply to
406 
assign addresses that are free. The sample DHCP configuration file shown does
407 
both. Refer to the DHCP documentation for more details.</P
408 
><DIV
409 
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
410 
><A
411 
NAME="AEN2797"><P
412 
><B
413 
>Example 1-1. Sample DHCP configuration file</B
414 
></P
415 
><TABLE
416 
BORDER="5"
417 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
418 
WIDTH="70%"
419 
><TR
420 
><TD
421 
><PRE
422 
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
423 
>--------------- /etc/dhcpd.conf -----------------------------
424 
default-lease-time 600;
425 
max-lease-time 7200;
426 
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
427 
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
428 
option domain-name-servers 198.41.0.4, 128.9.0.107;
429 
option domain-name &#8220;bogus.com&#8221;;
430 
allow bootp;
431 
shared-network BOGUS {
432 
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
433 
         option routers 192.168.1.101;
434 
         range 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254;
435 
}
436 
 }
437 
host mbx {
438 
         hardware ethernet 08:00:3E:28:79:B8;
439 
         fixed-address 192.168.1.20;
440 
         filename &#8220;/tftpboot/192.168.1.21/zImage&#8221;;
441 
         default-lease-time -1;
442 
         server-name &#8220;srvr.bugus.com&#8221;;
443 
         server-identifier 192.168.1.101;
444 
         option host-name &#8220;mbx&#8221;;
445 
} </PRE
446 
></TD
447 
></TR
448 
></TABLE
449 
></DIV
450 
><P
451 
>Once the DHCP package has been installed and the configuration file
452 
set up, type:<TABLE
453 
BORDER="5"
454 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
455 
WIDTH="70%"
456 
><TR
457 
><TD
458 
><PRE
459 
CLASS="SCREEN"
460 
># <TT
461 
CLASS="USERINPUT"
462 
><B
463 
>service dhcpd start</B
464 
></TT
465 
></PRE
466 
></TD
467 
></TR
468 
></TABLE
469 
></P
470 
></DIV
471 
><DIV
472 
CLASS="SECT3"
473 
><H3
474 
CLASS="SECT3"
475 
><A
476 
NAME="AEN2803">Enable DNS server on Red Hat Linux</H3
477 
><P
478 
>First, ensure that you have the proper
479 
RPM package, <TT
480 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
481 
>caching-nameserver</TT
482 
>
483 
installed. Then change the configuration
484 
(in <TT
485 
CLASS="FILENAME"
486 
>/etc/named.conf</TT
487 
>) so that the
488 
<TT
489 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
490 
>forwarders</TT
491 
> point to the primary
492 
nameservers for your machine, normally using the nameservers listed in
493 
<TT
494 
CLASS="FILENAME"
495 
>/etc/resolv.conf</TT
496 
>.</P
497 
><DIV
498 
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
499 
><A
500 
NAME="AEN2813"><P
501 
><B
502 
>Example 1-2. Sample <TT
503 
CLASS="FILENAME"
504 
>/etc/named.conf</TT
505 
> for Red Hat Linux 7.x</B
506 
></P
507 
><TABLE
508 
BORDER="5"
509 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
510 
WIDTH="70%"
511 
><TR
512 
><TD
513 
><PRE
514 
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
515 
>--------------- /etc/named.conf -----------------------------
516 
// generated by named-bootconf.pl
517 
 
518 
options {
519 
        directory "/var/named";
520 
        /*
521 
         * If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
522 
         * to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source
523 
         * directive below.  Previous versions of BIND always asked
524 
         * questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged
525 
         * port by default.
526 
         */
527 
        // query-source address * port 53;
528 
 
529 
 
530 
        forward first;
531 
        forwarders {
532 
                212.242.40.3;
533 
                212.242.40.51;
534 
        };
535 
};
536 
 
537 
//
538 
// a caching only nameserver config
539 
//
540 
// Uncomment the following for Red Hat Linux 7.2 or above:
541 
// controls {
542 
//         inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };
543 
// };
544 
// include "/etc/rndc.key";
545 
zone "." IN {
546 
        type hint;
547 
        file "named.ca";
548 
};
549 
 
550 
zone "localhost" IN {
551 
        type master;
552 
        file "localhost.zone";
553 
        allow-update { none; };
554 
};
555 
 
556 
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
557 
        type master;
558 
        file "named.local";
559 
        allow-update { none; };
560 
};&#13;</PRE
561 
></TD
562 
></TR
563 
></TABLE
564 
></DIV
565 
><P
566 
>Make sure the server is started with the command:
567 
<TABLE
568 
BORDER="5"
569 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
570 
WIDTH="70%"
571 
><TR
572 
><TD
573 
><PRE
574 
CLASS="SCREEN"
575 
># <TT
576 
CLASS="USERINPUT"
577 
><B
578 
>service named start</B
579 
></TT
580 
></PRE
581 
></TD
582 
></TR
583 
></TABLE
584 
> and is
585 
started on next reboot with the command
586 
<TABLE
587 
BORDER="5"
588 
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
589 
WIDTH="70%"
590 
><TR
591 
><TD
592 
><PRE
593 
CLASS="SCREEN"
594 
># <TT
595 
CLASS="USERINPUT"
596 
><B
597 
>chkconfig named on</B
598 
></TT
599 
></PRE
600 
></TD
601 
></TR
602 
></TABLE
603 
>
604 
Finally, you may wish to change
605 
<TT
606 
CLASS="FILENAME"
607 
>/etc/resolv.conf</TT
608 
> to use
609 
<TT
610 
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
611 
>127.0.0.1</TT
612 
> as the nameserver for your
613 
local machine.</P
614 
></DIV
615 
><DIV
616 
CLASS="SECT3"
617 
><H3
618 
CLASS="SECT3"
619 
><A
620 
NAME="AEN2824">RedBoot network gateway</H3
621 
><P
622 
>RedBoot cannot communicate with
623 
machines on different subnets because it does not support routing. It always
624 
assumes that it can get to an address directly, therefore it always tries
625 
to ARP and then send packets directly to that unit. This means that whatever
626 
it talks to must be on the same subnet. If you need to talk to a host on a
627 
different subnet (even if it's on the same &#8216;wire&#8217;), you need to
628 
go through an ARP proxy, providing that there is a Linux box connected to
629 
the network which is able to route to the TFTP server. For example: <TT
630 
CLASS="FILENAME"
631 
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<TT
632 
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
633 
><I
634 
>&lt;interface&#62;</I
635 
></TT
636 
>/proxy_arp </TT
637 
>where <TT
638 
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
639 
><I
640 
>&lt;interface&#62;</I
641 
></TT
642 
>should be replaced with whichever network interface
643 
is directly connected to the board.</P
644 
></DIV
645 
></DIV
646 
><DIV
647 
CLASS="SECT2"
648 
><H2
649 
CLASS="SECT2"
650 
><A
651 
NAME="AEN2834">Verification</H2
652 
><P
653 
>Once your network setup
654 
has been configured, perform simple verification tests as follows: <P
655 
></P
656 
><UL
657 
><LI
658 
><P
659 
>Reboot your system, to enable the setup, and then try to &#8216;ping&#8217;
660 
the target board from a host.</P
661 
></LI
662 
><LI
663 
><P
664 
>Once communication has been established, try to ping
665 
a host using the RedBoot ping command - both by IP address and hostname.</P
666 
></LI
667 
><LI
668 
><P
669 
>Try using the RedBoot load command to download a file
670 
from a host.</P
671 
></LI
672 
></UL
673 
></P
674 
></DIV
675 
></DIV
676 
><DIV
677 
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
678 
><HR
679 
ALIGN="LEFT"
680 
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
681 
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
682 
WIDTH="100%"
683 
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684 
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686 
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687 
><TD
688 
WIDTH="33%"
689 
ALIGN="left"
690 
VALIGN="top"
691 
><A
692 
HREF="resource-usage.html"
693 
ACCESSKEY="P"
694 
>Prev</A
695 
></TD
696 
><TD
697 
WIDTH="34%"
698 
ALIGN="center"
699 
VALIGN="top"
700 
><A
701 
HREF="ecos-ref.html"
702 
ACCESSKEY="H"
703 
>Home</A
704 
></TD
705 
><TD
706 
WIDTH="33%"
707 
ALIGN="right"
708 
VALIGN="top"
709 
><A
710 
HREF="redboot-commands-and-examples.html"
711 
ACCESSKEY="N"
712 
>Next</A
713 
></TD
714 
></TR
715 
><TR
716 
><TD
717 
WIDTH="33%"
718 
ALIGN="left"
719 
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720 
>RedBoot Resource Usage</TD
721 
><TD
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><A
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HREF="getting-started-with-redboot.html"
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ACCESSKEY="U"
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>Up</A
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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>RedBoot Commands and Examples</TD
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