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>eCos Reference Manual</TH
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><H1
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><A
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NAME="KERNEL-FLAGS">Event Flags</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
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><A
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NAME="AEN1555"
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></A
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><H2
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>Name</H2
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>cyg_flag_init, cyg_flag_destroy, cyg_flag_setbits, cyg_flag_maskbits, cyg_flag_wait, cyg_flag_timed_wait, cyg_flag_poll, cyg_flag_peek, cyg_flag_waiting&nbsp;--&nbsp;Synchronization primitive</DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
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><A
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NAME="AEN1566"><H2
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>Synopsis</H2
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><DIV
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CLASS="FUNCSYNOPSIS"
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><A
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NAME="AEN1567"><P
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></P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="5"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
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WIDTH="70%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="FUNCSYNOPSISINFO"
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>#include &lt;cyg/kernel/kapi.h&gt;
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        </PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>void cyg_flag_init</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>void cyg_flag_destroy</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>void cyg_flag_setbits</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag, cyg_flag_value_t value);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>void cyg_flag_maskbits</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag, cyg_flag_value_t value);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>cyg_flag_value_t cyg_flag_wait</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag, cyg_flag_value_t pattern, cyg_flag_mode_t mode);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>cyg_flag_value_t cyg_flag_timed_wait</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag, cyg_flag_value_t pattern, cyg_flag_mode_t mode, cyg_tick_count_t abstime);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>cyg_flag_value_t cyg_flag_poll</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag, cyg_flag_value_t pattern, cyg_flag_mode_t mode);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>cyg_flag_value_t cyg_flag_peek</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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><CODE
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><CODE
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CLASS="FUNCDEF"
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>cyg_bool_t cyg_flag_waiting</CODE
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>(cyg_flag_t* flag);</CODE
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></P
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><P
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></P
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSECT1"
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><A
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NAME="KERNEL-FLAGS-DESCRIPTION"
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></A
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><H2
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>Description</H2
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><P
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>Event flags allow a consumer thread to wait for one of several
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different types of event to occur. Alternatively it is possible to
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wait for some combination of events. The implementation is relatively
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straightforward. Each event flag contains a 32-bit integer.
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Application code associates these bits with specific events, so for
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example bit 0 could indicate that an I/O operation has completed and
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data is available, while bit 1 could indicate that the user has
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pressed a start button. A producer thread or a DSR can cause one or
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more of the bits to be set, and a consumer thread currently waiting
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for these bits will be woken up.
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      </P
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><P
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>Unlike semaphores no attempt is made to keep track of event counts. It
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does not matter whether a given event occurs once or multiple times
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before being consumed, the corresponding bit in the event flag will
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change only once. However semaphores cannot easily be used to handle
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multiple event sources. Event flags can often be used as an
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alternative to condition variables, although they cannot be used for
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completely arbitrary conditions and they only support the equivalent
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of condition variable broadcasts, not signals.
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      </P
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><P
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>Before an event flag can be used it must be initialized by a call to
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_init</TT
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>. This takes a pointer to a
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<SPAN
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CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
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>cyg_flag_t</SPAN
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> data structure, which can be part of a
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larger structure. All 32 bits in the event flag will be set to 0,
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indicating that no events have yet occurred. If an event flag is no
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longer required it can be cleaned up with a call to
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_destroy</TT
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>, allowing the memory for the
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<TT
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CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
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><I
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>cyg_flag_t</I
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></TT
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> structure to be re-used.
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      </P
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><P
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>A consumer thread can wait for one or more events by calling
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_wait</TT
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>. This takes three arguments. The
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first identifies a particular event flag. The second is some
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combination of bits, indicating which events are of interest. The
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final argument should be one of the following:
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      </P
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><P
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></P
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><DIV
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CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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><DL
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><DT
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><TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>CYG_FLAG_WAITMODE_AND</TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>The call to <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_wait</TT
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> will block until all
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the specified event bits are set. The event flag is not cleared when
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the wait succeeds, in other words all the bits remain set.
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          </P
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></DD
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><DT
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><TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>CYG_FLAG_WAITMODE_OR</TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>The call will block until at least one of the specified event bits is
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set. The event flag is not cleared on return.
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          </P
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></DD
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><DT
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><TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>CYG_FLAG_WAITMODE_AND | CYG_FLAG_WAITMODE_CLR</TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>The call will block until all the specified event bits are set, and
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the entire event flag is cleared when the call succeeds. Note that
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if this mode of operation is used then a single event flag cannot be
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used to store disjoint sets of events, even though enough bits might
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be available. Instead each disjoint set of events requires its own
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event flag.
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          </P
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></DD
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><DT
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><TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>CYG_FLAG_WAITMODE_OR | CYG_FLAG_WAITMODE_CLR</TT
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>The call will block until at least one of the specified event bits is
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set, and the entire flag is cleared when the call succeeds.
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          </P
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></DD
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></DL
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></DIV
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><P
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>A call to <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_wait</TT
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> normally blocks until the
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required condition is satisfied. It will return the value of the event
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flag at the point that the operation succeeded, which may be a
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superset of the requested events. If
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_thread_release</TT
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> is used to unblock a thread
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that is currently in a wait operation, the
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_wait</TT
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> call will instead return 0.
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      </P
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><P
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><TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_timed_wait</TT
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> is a variant of
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_wait</TT
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> which adds a timeout: the wait
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operation must succeed within the specified number of ticks, or it
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will fail with a return value of 0. <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_poll</TT
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>
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is a non-blocking variant: if the wait operation can succeed
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immediately it acts like <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_wait</TT
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>, otherwise
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it returns immediately with a value of 0.
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      </P
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><P
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><TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_setbits</TT
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> is called by a producer thread
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or from inside a DSR when an event occurs. The specified bits are or'd
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into the current event flag value. This may cause a waiting thread to
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be woken up, if its condition is now satisfied.
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      </P
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><P
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><TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_maskbits</TT
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> can be used to clear one or
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more bits in the event flag. This can be called from a producer when a
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particular condition is no longer satisfied, for example when the user
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is no longer pressing a particular button. It can also be used by a
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consumer thread if <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>CYG_FLAG_WAITMODE_CLR</TT
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> was not
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used as part of the wait operation, to indicate that some but not all
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of the active events have been consumed. If there are multiple
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consumer threads performing wait operations without using
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>CYG_FLAG_WAITMODE_CLR</TT
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> then typically some
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additional synchronization such as a mutex is needed to prevent
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multiple threads consuming the same event.
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      </P
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><P
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>Two additional functions are provided to query the current state of an
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event flag. <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_peek</TT
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> returns the current
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value of the event flag, and <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_waiting</TT
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> can
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be used to find out whether or not there are any threads currently
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blocked on the event flag. Both of these functions must be used with
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care because other threads may be operating on the event flag.
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      </P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSECT1"
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><A
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NAME="KERNEL-FLAGS-CONTEXT"
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></A
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><H2
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>Valid contexts</H2
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><P
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><TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_init</TT
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> is typically called during system
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initialization but may also be called in thread context. The same
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applies to <TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_destroy</TT
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>.
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_wait</TT
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> and
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>cyg_flag_timed_wait</TT
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> may only be called from
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thread context. The remaining functions may be called from thread or
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DSR context.
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      </P
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