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>Chapter 38. TCP/IP Library Reference</TD
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NAME="NET-COMMON-TCPIP-MANPAGES-BYTEORDER">byteorder</H1
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>BYTEORDER(3)            System Library Functions Manual           BYTEORDER(3)
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NAME
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     htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs, htobe32, htobe16, betoh32, betoh16, htole32,
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     htole16, letoh32, letoh16, swap32, swap16 - convert values between dif-
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     ferent byte orderings
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SYNOPSIS
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     #include &lt;sys/types.h&#62;
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     #include &lt;machine/endian.h&#62;
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     u_int32_t
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     htonl(u_int32_t host32);
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     u_int16_t
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     htons(u_int16_t host16);
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     u_int32_t
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     ntohl(u_int32_t net32);
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     u_int16_t
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     ntohs(u_int16_t net16);
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     u_int32_t
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     htobe32(u_int32_t host32);
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     u_int16_t
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     htobe16(u_int16_t host16);
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     u_int32_t
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     betoh32(u_int32_t big32);
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     u_int16_t
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     betoh16(u_int16_t big16);
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     u_int32_t
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     htole32(u_int32_t host32);
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     u_int16_t
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     htole16(u_int16_t host16);
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     u_int32_t
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     letoh32(u_int32_t little32);
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     u_int16_t
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     letoh16(u_int16_t little16);
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     u_int32_t
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     swap32(u_int32_t val32);
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     u_int16_t
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     swap16(u_int16_t val16);
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DESCRIPTION
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     These routines convert 16- and 32-bit quantities between different byte
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     orderings.  The ``swap'' functions reverse the byte ordering of the given
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     quantity, the others converts either from/to the native byte order used
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     by the host to/from either little- or big-endian (a.k.a network) order.
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     Apart from the swap functions, the names can be described by this form:
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     {src-order}to{dst-order}{size}.  Both {src-order} and {dst-order} can
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     take the following forms:
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           h    Host order.
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           n    Network order (big-endian).
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           be   Big-endian (most significant byte first).
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           le   Little-endian (least significant byte first).
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     One of the specified orderings must be `h'.  {size} will take these
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     forms:
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           l  Long (32-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').
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           s  Short (16-bit, used in conjunction with forms involving `n').
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           16
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              16-bit.
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           32
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              32-bit.
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     The swap functions are of the form: swap{size}.
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     Names involving `n' convert quantities between network byte order and
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     host byte order.  The last letter (`s' or `l') is a mnemonic for the tra-
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     ditional names for such quantities, short and long, respectively.  Today,
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     the C concept of short and long integers need not coincide with this tra-
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     ditional misunderstanding.  On machines which have a byte order which is
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     the same as the network order, routines are defined as null macros.
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     The functions involving either ``be'', ``le'', or ``swap'' use the num-
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     bers 16 and 32 for specifying the bitwidth of the quantities they operate
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     on.  Currently all supported architectures are either big- or little-
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     endian so either the ``be'' or ``le'' variants are implemented as null
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     macros.
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     The routines mentioned above which have either {src-order} or {dst-order}
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     set to `n' are most often used in conjunction with Internet addresses and
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     ports as returned by gethostbyname(3) and getservent(3).
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SEE ALSO
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     gethostbyname(3), getservent(3)
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HISTORY
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     The byteorder functions appeared in 4.2BSD.
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BUGS
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     On the vax, alpha, i386, and so far mips, bytes are handled backwards
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     from most everyone else in the world.  This is not expected to be fixed
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     in the near future.
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BSD                              June 4, 1993                              BSD
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    </PRE
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