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>SEND(2)                       System Calls Manual                      SEND(2)
 
NAME
     send, sendto, sendmsg - send a message from a socket
 
SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;sys/types.h&#62;
     #include &lt;sys/socket.h&#62;
 
     ssize_t
     send(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags);
 
     ssize_t
     sendto(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags,
             const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen);
 
     ssize_t
     sendmsg(int s, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags);
 
DESCRIPTION
     send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() are used to transmit a message to another
     socket.  send() may be used only when the socket is in a connected state,
     while sendto() and sendmsg() may be used at any time.
 
     The address of the target is given by to with tolen specifying its size.
     The length of the message is given by len.  If the message is too long to
     pass atomically through the underlying protocol, the error EMSGSIZE is
     returned, and the message is not transmitted.
 
     No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a send().  Locally
     detected errors are indicated by a return value of -1.
 
     If no messages space is available at the socket to hold the message to be
     transmitted, then send() normally blocks, unless the socket has been
     placed in non-blocking I/O mode.  The select(2) or poll(2) system calls
     may be used to determine when it is possible to send more data.
 
     The flags parameter may include one or more of the following:
 
     #define MSG_OOB        0x1  /* process out-of-band data */
     #define MSG_DONTROUTE  0x4  /* bypass routing, use direct interface */
 
     The flag MSG_OOB is used to send ``out-of-band'' data on sockets that
     support this notion (e.g., SOCK_STREAM); the underlying protocol must
     also support ``out-of-band'' data.  MSG_DONTROUTE is usually used only by
     diagnostic or routing programs.
 
     See recv(2) for a description of the msghdr structure.
 
RETURN VALUES
     The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1 if an error
     occurred.
 
ERRORS
     send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() fail if:
 
     [EBADF]            An invalid descriptor was specified.
 
     [ENOTSOCK]         The argument s is not a socket.
 
     [EFAULT]           An invalid user space address was specified for a
                        parameter.
 
     [EMSGSIZE]         The socket requires that message be sent atomically,
                        and the size of the message to be sent made this
                        impossible.
 
     [EAGAIN]           The socket is marked non-blocking and the requested
                        operation would block.
 
     [ENOBUFS]          The system was unable to allocate an internal buffer.
                        The operation may succeed when buffers become avail-
                        able.
 
     [ENOBUFS]          The output queue for a network interface was full.
                        This generally indicates that the interface has
                        stopped sending, but may be caused by transient con-
                        gestion.
 
     [EACCES]           The SO_BROADCAST option is not set on the socket, and
                        a broadcast address was given as the destination.
 
     [EHOSTUNREACH]     The destination address specified an unreachable host.
 
     [EINVAL]           The flags parameter is invalid.
 
     [EHOSTDOWN]        The destination address specified a host that is down.
 
     [ENETDOWN]         The destination address specified a network that is
                        down.
 
     [ECONNREFUSED]     The destination host rejected the message (or a previ-
                        ous one).  This error can only be returned by con-
                        nected sockets.
 
     [ENOPROTOOPT]      There was a problem sending the message.  This error
                        can only be returned by connected sockets.
 
     [EDESTADDRREQ]     The socket is not connected, and no destination
                        address was specified.
 
     [EISCONN]          The socket is already connected, and a destination
                        address was specified.
 
     In addition, send() and sendto() may return the following error:
 
     [EINVAL]           len was larger than SSIZE_MAX.
 
     Also, sendmsg() may return the following errors:
 
     [EINVAL]           The sum of the iov_len values in the msg_iov array
                        overflowed an ssize_t.
 
     [EMSGSIZE]         The msg_iovlen member of msg was less than 0 or larger
                        than IOV_MAX.
 
     [EAFNOSUPPORT]     Addresses in the specified address family cannot be
                        used with this socket.
 
SEE ALSO
     fcntl(2), getsockopt(2), poll(2), recv(2), select(2), poll(2), socket(2),
     write(2)
 
HISTORY
     The send() function call appeared in 4.2BSD.
 
BSD                              July 28, 1998                             BSD
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85			`NAME="NET-COMMON-TCPIP-MANPAGES-SEND">send</H1`
86			`><TABLE`
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93			`CLASS="SCREEN"`
94			`>SEND(2) System Calls Manual SEND(2)`
95
96			`NAME`
97			`send, sendto, sendmsg - send a message from a socket`
98
99			`SYNOPSIS`
100			`#include <sys/types.h>`
101			`#include <sys/socket.h>`
102
103			`ssize_t`
104			`send(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags);`
105
106			`ssize_t`
107			`sendto(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags,`
108			`const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen);`
109
110			`ssize_t`
111			`sendmsg(int s, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags);`
112
113			`DESCRIPTION`
114			`send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() are used to transmit a message to another`
115			`socket. send() may be used only when the socket is in a connected state,`
116			`while sendto() and sendmsg() may be used at any time.`
117
118			`The address of the target is given by to with tolen specifying its size.`
119			`The length of the message is given by len. If the message is too long to`
120			`pass atomically through the underlying protocol, the error EMSGSIZE is`
121			`returned, and the message is not transmitted.`
122
123			`No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a send(). Locally`
124			`detected errors are indicated by a return value of -1.`
125
126			`If no messages space is available at the socket to hold the message to be`
127			`transmitted, then send() normally blocks, unless the socket has been`
128			`placed in non-blocking I/O mode. The select(2) or poll(2) system calls`
129			`may be used to determine when it is possible to send more data.`
130
131			`The flags parameter may include one or more of the following:`
132
133			`#define MSG_OOB 0x1 /* process out-of-band data */`
134			`#define MSG_DONTROUTE 0x4 /* bypass routing, use direct interface */`
135
136			The flag MSG_OOB is used to send ``out-of-band'' data on sockets that
137			`support this notion (e.g., SOCK_STREAM); the underlying protocol must`
138			also support ``out-of-band'' data. MSG_DONTROUTE is usually used only by
139			`diagnostic or routing programs.`
140
141			`See recv(2) for a description of the msghdr structure.`
142
143			`RETURN VALUES`
144			`The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1 if an error`
145			`occurred.`
146
147			`ERRORS`
148			`send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() fail if:`
149
150			`[EBADF] An invalid descriptor was specified.`
151
152			`[ENOTSOCK] The argument s is not a socket.`
153
154			`[EFAULT] An invalid user space address was specified for a`
155			`parameter.`
156
157			`[EMSGSIZE] The socket requires that message be sent atomically,`
158			`and the size of the message to be sent made this`
159			`impossible.`
160
161			`[EAGAIN] The socket is marked non-blocking and the requested`
162			`operation would block.`
163
164			`[ENOBUFS] The system was unable to allocate an internal buffer.`
165			`The operation may succeed when buffers become avail-`
166			`able.`
167
168			`[ENOBUFS] The output queue for a network interface was full.`
169			`This generally indicates that the interface has`
170			`stopped sending, but may be caused by transient con-`
171			`gestion.`
172
173			`[EACCES] The SO_BROADCAST option is not set on the socket, and`
174			`a broadcast address was given as the destination.`
175
176			`[EHOSTUNREACH] The destination address specified an unreachable host.`
177
178			`[EINVAL] The flags parameter is invalid.`
179
180			`[EHOSTDOWN] The destination address specified a host that is down.`
181
182			`[ENETDOWN] The destination address specified a network that is`
183			`down.`
184
185			`[ECONNREFUSED] The destination host rejected the message (or a previ-`
186			`ous one). This error can only be returned by con-`
187			`nected sockets.`
188
189			`[ENOPROTOOPT] There was a problem sending the message. This error`
190			`can only be returned by connected sockets.`
191
192			`[EDESTADDRREQ] The socket is not connected, and no destination`
193			`address was specified.`
194
195			`[EISCONN] The socket is already connected, and a destination`
196			`address was specified.`
197
198			`In addition, send() and sendto() may return the following error:`
199
200			`[EINVAL] len was larger than SSIZE_MAX.`
201
202			`Also, sendmsg() may return the following errors:`
203
204			`[EINVAL] The sum of the iov_len values in the msg_iov array`
205			`overflowed an ssize_t.`
206
207			`[EMSGSIZE] The msg_iovlen member of msg was less than 0 or larger`
208			`than IOV_MAX.`
209
210			`[EAFNOSUPPORT] Addresses in the specified address family cannot be`
211			`used with this socket.`
212
213			`SEE ALSO`
214			`fcntl(2), getsockopt(2), poll(2), recv(2), select(2), poll(2), socket(2),`
215			`write(2)`
216
217			`HISTORY`
218			`The send() function call appeared in 4.2BSD.`
219
220			`BSD July 28, 1998 BSD`
221			`</PRE`
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