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<!-- Copyright (C) 2003 Red Hat, Inc.                                -->
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>Installation</TITLE
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TITLE="eCos Reference Manual"
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TITLE="eCos Synthetic Target"
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><TR
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>eCos Reference Manual</TH
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><A
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><HR
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><H1
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><A
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NAME="SYNTH-INSTALL">Installation</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
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><A
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NAME="AEN17701"
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></A
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><H2
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>Name</H2
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>Installation&nbsp;--&nbsp;Preparing to use the synthetic target</DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSECT1"
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><A
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NAME="SYNTH-INSTALL-HOST"
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></A
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><H2
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>Host-side Software</H2
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><P
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>To get the full functionality of the synthetic target, users must
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build and install the I/O auxiliary ecosynth and various support
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files. It is possible to develop applications for the synthetic target
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without the auxiliary, but only limited I/O facilities will be
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available. The relevant code resides in the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>host</TT
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> subdirectory of the synthetic target
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architectural HAL package, and building it involves the standard
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>configure</B
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>, <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>make</B
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>, and
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>make install</B
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> steps.
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    </P
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><P
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>There are two main ways of building the host-side software. It is
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possible to build both the generic host-side software and all
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package-specific host-side software, including the I/O auxiliary. in a
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single build tree. This involves using the
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>configure</B
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> script at the toplevel of the eCos
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repository, which will automatically search the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>packages</TT
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> hierarchy for host-side
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software. For more information on this, see the
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>README.host</TT
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> file at the top of the repository.
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Note that if you have an existing build tree which does not include
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the synthetic target architectural HAL package then it will be
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necessary to rerun the toplevel configure script: the search for
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appropriate packages happens at configure time.
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    </P
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><P
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>The alternative is to build just the host-side for this package.
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This involves creating a suitable build directory and running the
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>configure</B
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> script. Note that building directly in
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the source tree is not allowed.
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    </P
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><TABLE
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
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WIDTH="70%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>$ cd &lt;somewhere suitable&gt;
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$ mkdir synth_build
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$ cd synth_build
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$ &lt;repo&lt;&gt;/packages/hal/synth/arch/&lt;version&gt;/host/configure &lt;options&gt;
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$ make
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$ make install</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>The code makes extensive use of Tcl/TK and requires version 8.3 or
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later. This is checked by the <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>configure</B
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> script. By
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default it will use the system's Tcl installation in <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>/usr</TT
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>. If a different, more recent Tcl
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installation should be used then its location can be specified using
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the options <TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>--with-tcl=&lt;path&gt;</TT
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>,
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<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>--with-tcl-header=&lt;path&gt;</TT
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> and
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<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>--with-tcl-lib=&lt;path&gt;</TT
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>. For more information on these options
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see the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>README.host</TT
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> file at the toplevel of the
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eCos repository.
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    </P
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><P
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>Some users may also want to specify the install location using a
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<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>--prefix=&lt;path&gt;</TT
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> option. The default install
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location is <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>/usr/local</TT
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>. It is
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essential that the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>bin</TT
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>
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subdirectory of the install location is on the user's search
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<TT
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CLASS="ENVAR"
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>PATH</TT
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>, otherwise the eCos application will be unable to
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locate and execute the I/O auxiliary ecosynth.
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    </P
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><P
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>Because ecosynth is run automatically by an eCos application rather
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than explicitly by the user, it is not installed in the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>bin</TT
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> subdirectory itself. Instead it is
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installed below <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>libexec</TT
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>,
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together with various support files such as images. At configure time
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it is usually possible to specify an alternative location for
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>libexec</TT
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> using
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<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>--exec-prefix=&lt;path&gt;</TT
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> or
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<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>--libexecdir=&lt;path&gt;</TT
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>. These options should not
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be used for this package because the eCos application is built
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completely separately and does not know how the host-side was
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configured.
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    </P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSECT1"
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><A
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NAME="SYNTH-TOOLS"
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></A
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><H2
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>Toolchain</H2
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><P
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>When developing eCos applications for a normal embedded target it is
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necessary to use a suitable cross-compiler and related tools such as
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the linker. Developing for the synthetic target is easier because you
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can just use the standard GNU tools (gcc, g++, ld, &#8230;) which
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were provided with your Linux distribution, or which you used to build
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your own Linux setup. Any reasonably recent version of the tools, for
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example gcc 2.96(Red Hat) as shipped with Red Hat Linux 7, should be
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sufficient.
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    </P
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><P
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>There is one important limitation when using these tools: current gdb
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will not support debugging of eCos threads on the synthetic target. As
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far as gdb is concerned a synthetic target application is
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indistinguishable from a normal Linux application, so it assumes that
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any threads will be created by calls to the Linux
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<TT
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CLASS="FUNCTION"
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>pthread_create</TT
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> function provided by the C
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library. Obviously this is not the case since the application is never
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linked with that library. Therefore gdb never notices the eCos thread
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mechanisms and assumes the application is single-threaded. Fixing this
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is possible but would involve non-trivial changes to gdb.
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    </P
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><P
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>Theoretically it is possible to develop synthetic target applications
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on, for example, a PC running Windows and then run the resulting
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executables on another machine that runs Linux. This is rarely useful:
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if a Linux machine is available then usually that machine will also be
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used for building ecos and the application. However, if for some
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reason it is necessary or desirable to build on another machine then
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this requires a suitable cross-compiler and related tools. If the
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application will be running on a typical PC with an x86 processor then
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a suitable configure triplet would be
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<TT
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CLASS="USERINPUT"
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><B
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>i686-pc-linux-gnu</B
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></TT
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>. The installation
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instructions for the various GNU tools should be consulted for further
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information.
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    </P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="REFSECT1"
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><A
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NAME="SYNTH-HARDWARE"
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></A
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><H2
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>Hardware Preparation</H2
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><P
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>Preparing a real embedded target for eCos development can be tricky.
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Often the first step is to install suitable firmware, usually RedBoot.
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This means creating and building a special configuration for eCos with
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the RedBoot template, then somehow updating the target's flash chips
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with the resulting RedBoot image. Typically it will also be necessary
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to get a working serial connection, and possibly set up ethernet as
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well. Although usually none of the individual steps are particularly
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complicated, there are plenty of ways in which things can go wrong and
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it can be hard to figure out what is actually happening. Of course
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some board manufacturers make life easier for their developers by
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shipping hardware with RedBoot preinstalled, but even then it is still
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necessary to set up communication between host and target.
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    </P
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><P
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>None of this is applicable to the synthetic target. Instead you can
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just build a normal eCos configuration, link your application with the
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resulting libraries, and you end up with an executable that you can
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run directly on your Linux machine or via gdb. A useful side effect of
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this is that application development can start before any real
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embedded hardware is actually available.
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    </P
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><P
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>Typically the memory map for a synthetic target application will be
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set up such that there is a read-only ROM region containing all the
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code and constant data, and a read-write RAM region for the data. The
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default locations and sizes of these regions depend on the specific
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platform being used for development. Note that the application always
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executes out of ROM: on a real embedded target much of the development
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would involve running RedBoot firmware there, with application code
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and data loaded into RAM; usually this would change for the final
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system; the firmware would be replaced by the eCos application itself,
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configured for ROM bootstrap, and it would perform the appropriate
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hardware initialization. Therefore the synthetic target actually
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emulates the behaviour of a final system, not of a development
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environment. In practice this is rarely significant, although having
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the code in read-only memory can help catch some problems in
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application code.
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    </P
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HREF="ecos-ref.html"
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>Home</A
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>Overview</TD
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ALIGN="center"
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HREF="hal-synth-arch.html"
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>Up</A
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>Running a Synthetic Target Application</TD
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