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>Debugging Techniques</TITLE
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TITLE="eCos Programming Concepts and Techniques"
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TITLE="Compiling a C++ Application"
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TITLE="Kernel Instrumentation"
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>eCos User Guide</TH
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><DIV
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CLASS="CHAPTER"
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><H1
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><A
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NAME="DEBUGGING-TECHNIQUES">Chapter 27. Debugging Techniques</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="TOC"
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><DL
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><DT
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><B
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>Table of Contents</B
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="debugging-techniques.html#TRACING"
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>Tracing</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="kernel-instrumentation.html"
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>Kernel Instrumentation</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DIV
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><P
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><SPAN
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CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
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>eCos</SPAN
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> applications and components can be debugged in
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        traditional ways, with printing statements and debugger
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        single-stepping, but there are situations in which these
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        techniques cannot be used. One example of this is when a
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        program is getting data at a high rate from a real-time
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        source, and cannot be slowed down or interrupted.</P
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><P
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><SPAN
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CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
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>eCos</SPAN
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>&#8217;s infrastructure module provides a
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        <SPAN
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CLASS="emphasis"
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><I
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CLASS="EMPHASIS"
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>tracing</I
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></SPAN
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> formalism, allowing the
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        kernel&#8217;s tracing macros to be configured in many useful
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        ways. <SPAN
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CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
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>eCos</SPAN
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>&#8217;s kernel provides <I
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CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
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>instrumentation
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          buffers</I
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> which also collect specific
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        (configurable) data about the system&#8217;s history and
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        performance.</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><H1
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><A
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NAME="TRACING">Tracing</H1
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><P
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>To use <SPAN
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CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
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>eCos</SPAN
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>&#8217;s tracing facilities you must first
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          configure your system to use <I
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CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
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>tracing</I
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>.
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          You should enable the Asserts and Tracing component
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          (<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>CYGPKG_INFRA_DEBUG</TT
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>) and the
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          <TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>Use tracing</TT
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> component within it
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          (<TT
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CLASS="OPTION"
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>CYGDBG_USE_TRACING</TT
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>). These
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          options can be enabled with the <SPAN
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CLASS="APPLICATION"
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>Configuration
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            Tool</SPAN
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> or by editing the file
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          <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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><I
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>BUILD_DIR</I
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>/pkgconf/infra.h
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          </TT
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> manually.</P
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><P
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>You should then examine all the tracing-related options in
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the <I
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CLASS="CITETITLE"
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>Package: Infrastructure</I
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> chapter of the <I
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CLASS="CITETITLE"
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><SPAN
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CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
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>eCos</SPAN
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> Reference
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Manual</I
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>. One useful set of configuration options are: <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>CYGDBG_INFRA_DEBUG_FUNCTION_REPORTS</TT
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> and <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>CYGDBG_INFRA_DEBUG_TRACE_MESSAGE</TT
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>,
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which are both enabled by default when tracing is enabled.</P
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><P
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>The following &#8220;Hello world with tracing&#8221; shows
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the output from running the hello world program (from <A
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HREF="building-and-running-sample-appliations.html#ECOS-HELLO-WORLD"
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>the Section called <I
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><SPAN
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CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
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>eCos</SPAN
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> Hello World</I
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> in Chapter 13</A
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>) that was
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built with tracing enabled: </P
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><DIV
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CLASS="EXAMPLE"
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><A
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NAME="AEN2289"><P
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><B
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>Example 27-1. Hello world with tracing</B
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></P
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>$ mips-tx39-elf-run --board=jmr3904  hello
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Hello, eCos world!
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ASSERT FAIL: &lt;2&gt;cyg_trac.h          [ 623] Cyg_TraceFunction_Report_::set_exitvoid()                                                            exitvoid used in typed function
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 395] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::enqueue()                                                            {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 395] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::enqueue()                                                            }}RETURNING UNSET!
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 126] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::add_thread()                                                           }}RETURNING UNSET!
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;thread.cxx          [ 654] Cyg_Thread::resume()                                                                                 }}return void
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;cstartup.cxx        [ 160] cyg_iso_c_start()                                                                                    }}return void
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 142] cyg_package_start()                                                                                  }}return void
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 150] cyg_user_start()                                                                                     {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 150] cyg_user_start()                                                                                     (((void)))
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 153] cyg_user_start()                                                                                     'This is the system default cyg_user_start()'
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;startup.cxx         [ 157] cyg_user_start()                                                                                     }}return void
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;sched.cxx           [ 212] Cyg_Scheduler::start()                                                                               {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 102] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::schedule()                                                             {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 437] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::highpri()                                                            {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 437] Cyg_ThreadQueue_Implementation::highpri()                                                            }}RETURNING UNSET!
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TRACE: &lt;1&gt;mlqueue.cxx         [ 102] Cyg_Scheduler_Implementation::schedule()                                                             }}RETURNING UNSET!
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;intr.cxx            [ 450] Cyg_Interrupt::enable_interrupts()                                                                   {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;intr.cxx            [ 450] Cyg_Interrupt::enable_interrupts()                                                                   }}RETURNING UNSET!
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;thread.cxx          [  69] Cyg_HardwareThread::thread_entry()                                                                   {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;cstartup.cxx        [ 127] invoke_main()                                                                                        {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;cstartup.cxx        [ 127] invoke_main()                                                                                        ((argument is ignored))
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;dummyxxmain.cxx     [  60] __main()                                                                                             {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;dummyxxmain.cxx     [  60] __main()                                                                                             (((void)))
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;dummyxxmain.cxx     [  63] __main()                                                                                             'This is the system default __main()'
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;dummyxxmain.cxx     [  67] __main()                                                                                             }}return void
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;memcpy.c            [ 112] _memcpy()                                                                                            {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;memcpy.c            [ 112] _memcpy()                                                                                            ((dst=80002804, src=BFC14E58, n=19))
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;memcpy.c            [ 164] _memcpy()                                                                                            }}returning 80002804
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;cstartup.cxx        [ 137] invoke_main()                                                                                        'main() has returned with code 0. Calling exit()'
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;exit.cxx            [  71] __libc_exit()                                                                                        {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;exit.cxx            [  71] __libc_exit()                                                                                        ((status=0 ))
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;atexit.cxx          [  84] cyg_libc_invoke_atexit_handlers()                                                                    {{enter
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TRACE: &lt;2&gt;atexit.cxx          [  84] cyg_libc_invoke_atexit_handlers()                                                                      (((void)))
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Scheduler:
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Lock:                0
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Current Thread:      &lt;null&gt;
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Threads:
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Idle Thread          pri =  31 state = R      id =   1
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                     stack base = 800021F0 ptr = 80002510 size = 00000400
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                     sleep reason NONE     wake reason NONE
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                     queue = 80000C54      wait info = 00000000
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&lt;null&gt;               pri =   0 state = R      id =   2
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                     stack base = 80002A48 ptr = 8000A968 size = 00008000
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                     sleep reason NONE     wake reason NONE
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                     queue = 80000BD8      wait info = 00000000
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          </PRE
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