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.\"     @(#)connect.2   8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93

.\"

.Dd February 15, 1999

.Dt CONNECT 2

.Os

.Sh NAME

.Nm connect

.Nd initiate a connection on a socket

.Sh SYNOPSIS

.Fd #include 

.Fd #include 

.Ft int

.Fn connect "int s" "const struct sockaddr *name" "socklen_t namelen"

.Sh DESCRIPTION

The parameter

.Fa s

is a socket.

If it is of type

.Dv SOCK_DGRAM ,

this call specifies the peer with which the socket is to be associated;

this address is that to which datagrams are to be sent,

and the only address from which datagrams are to be received.

If the socket is of type

.Dv SOCK_STREAM ,

this call attempts to make a connection to

another socket.

The other socket is specified by

.Fa name ,

which is an address in the communications space of the socket.

Each communications space interprets the

.Fa name

parameter in its own way.

Generally, stream sockets may successfully

.Fn connect

only once; datagram sockets may use

.Fn connect

multiple times to change their association.

Datagram sockets may dissolve the association

by connecting to an invalid address, such as a null address.

.Sh RETURN VALUES

If the connection or binding succeeds, 0 is returned.

Otherwise a \-1 is returned, and a more specific error

code is stored in

.Va errno .

.Sh ERRORS

The

.Fn connect

call fails if:

.Bl -tag -width Er

.It Bq Er EBADF

.Fa S

is not a valid descriptor.

.It Bq Er ENOTSOCK

.Fa S

is a descriptor for a file, not a socket.

.It Bq Er EADDRNOTAVAIL

The specified address is not available on this machine.

.It Bq Er EAFNOSUPPORT

Addresses in the specified address family cannot be used with this socket.

.It Bq Er EISCONN

The socket is already connected.

.It Bq Er ETIMEDOUT

Connection establishment timed out without establishing a connection.

.It Bq Er EINVAL

A TCP connection with a local broadcast, the all-ones or a

multicast address as the peer was attempted.

.It Bq Er ECONNREFUSED

The attempt to connect was forcefully rejected.

.It Bq Er EINTR

A connect was interrupted before it succeeded

by the delivery of a signal.

.It Bq Er ENETUNREACH

The network isn't reachable from this host.

.It Bq Er EADDRINUSE

The address is already in use.

.It Bq Er EFAULT

The

.Fa name

parameter specifies an area outside

the process address space.

.It Bq Er EINPROGRESS

The socket is non-blocking

and the connection cannot

be completed immediately.

It is possible to

.Xr select 2

or

.Xr poll 2

for completion by selecting the socket for writing, and also use

.Xr getsockopt 2

with

.Dv SO_ERROR

to check for error conditions.

.It Bq Er EALREADY

The socket is non-blocking

and a previous connection attempt

has not yet been completed.

.El

.Pp

The following errors are specific to connecting names in the UNIX domain.

These errors may not apply in future versions of the UNIX IPC domain.

.Bl -tag -width Er

.It Bq Er ENOTDIR

A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG

A component of a pathname exceeded

.Dv {NAME_MAX}

characters, or an entire path name exceeded

.Dv {PATH_MAX}

characters.

.It Bq Er ENOENT

The named socket does not exist.

.It Bq Er EACCES

Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.

.It Bq Er EACCES

Write access to the named socket is denied.

.It Bq Er ELOOP

Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.

.El

.Sh SEE ALSO

.Xr accept 2 ,

.Xr getsockname 2 ,

.Xr getsockopt 2 ,

.Xr poll 2 ,

.Xr select 2 ,

.Xr socket 2

.Sh HISTORY

The

.Fn connect

function call appeared in

.Bx 4.2 .