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INFO-DIR-SECTION Programming & development tools.

START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

* Gdb: (gdb).                     The GNU debugger.

END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

   This file documents the GNU debugger GDB.

   This is the Ninth Edition, April 2001, of `Debugging with GDB: the

GNU Source-Level Debugger' for GDB Version 20010707.

   Copyright (C)

1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1998,1999,2000,2001

Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or

any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the

Invariant Sections being "A Sample GDB Session" and "Free Software",

with the Front-Cover texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the

Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.

   (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and

modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the Free

Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."

File: gdb.info,  Node: A29K Embedded,  Next: ARM,  Up: Embedded Processors

AMD A29K Embedded

-----------------

* Menu:

* A29K UDI::

* A29K EB29K::

* Comms (EB29K)::               Communications setup

* gdb-EB29K::                   EB29K cross-debugging

* Remote Log::                  Remote log

`target adapt DEV'

     Adapt monitor for A29K.

`target amd-eb DEV SPEED PROG'

     Remote PC-resident AMD EB29K board, attached over serial lines.

     DEV is the serial device, as for `target remote'; SPEED allows you

     to specify the linespeed; and PROG is the name of the program to

     be debugged, as it appears to DOS on the PC.  *Note EBMON protocol

     for AMD29K: A29K EB29K.

File: gdb.info,  Node: A29K UDI,  Next: A29K EB29K,  Up: A29K Embedded

A29K UDI

........

   GDB supports AMD's UDI ("Universal Debugger Interface") protocol for

debugging the a29k processor family.  To use this configuration with

AMD targets running the MiniMON monitor, you need the program `MONTIP',

available from AMD at no charge.  You can also use GDB with the

UDI-conformant a29k simulator program `ISSTIP', also available from AMD.

`target udi KEYWORD'

     Select the UDI interface to a remote a29k board or simulator, where

     KEYWORD is an entry in the AMD configuration file `udi_soc'.  This

     file contains keyword entries which specify parameters used to

     connect to a29k targets.  If the `udi_soc' file is not in your

     working directory, you must set the environment variable `UDICONF'

     to its pathname.

File: gdb.info,  Node: A29K EB29K,  Next: Comms (EB29K),  Prev: A29K UDI,  Up: A29K Embedded

EBMON protocol for AMD29K

.........................

   AMD distributes a 29K development board meant to fit in a PC,

together with a DOS-hosted monitor program called `EBMON'.  As a

shorthand term, this development system is called the "EB29K".  To use

GDB from a Unix system to run programs on the EB29K board, you must

first connect a serial cable between the PC (which hosts the EB29K

board) and a serial port on the Unix system.  In the following, we

assume you've hooked the cable between the PC's `COM1' port and

`/dev/ttya' on the Unix system.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Comms (EB29K),  Next: gdb-EB29K,  Prev: A29K EB29K,  Up: A29K Embedded

Communications setup

....................

   The next step is to set up the PC's port, by doing something like

this in DOS on the PC:

     C:\> MODE com1:9600,n,8,1,none

This example--run on an MS DOS 4.0 system--sets the PC port to 9600

bps, no parity, eight data bits, one stop bit, and no "retry" action;

you must match the communications parameters when establishing the Unix

end of the connection as well.

   To give control of the PC to the Unix side of the serial line, type

the following at the DOS console:

     C:\> CTTY com1

(Later, if you wish to return control to the DOS console, you can use

the command `CTTY con'--but you must send it over the device that had

control, in our example over the `COM1' serial line.)

   From the Unix host, use a communications program such as `tip' or

`cu' to communicate with the PC; for example,

     cu -s 9600 -l /dev/ttya

The `cu' options shown specify, respectively, the linespeed and the

serial port to use.  If you use `tip' instead, your command line may

look something like the following:

     tip -9600 /dev/ttya

Your system may require a different name where we show `/dev/ttya' as

the argument to `tip'.  The communications parameters, including which

port to use, are associated with the `tip' argument in the "remote"

descriptions file--normally the system table `/etc/remote'.

   Using the `tip' or `cu' connection, change the DOS working directory

to the directory containing a copy of your 29K program, then start the

PC program `EBMON' (an EB29K control program supplied with your board

by AMD).  You should see an initial display from `EBMON' similar to the

one that follows, ending with the `EBMON' prompt `#'--

     C:\> G:

     G:\> CD \usr\joe\work29k

     G:\USR\JOE\WORK29K> EBMON

     Am29000 PC Coprocessor Board Monitor, version 3.0-18

     Copyright 1990 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.

     Written by Gibbons and Associates, Inc.

     Enter '?' or 'H' for help

     PC Coprocessor Type   = EB29K

     I/O Base              = 0x208

     Memory Base           = 0xd0000

     Data Memory Size      = 2048KB

     Available I-RAM Range = 0x8000 to 0x1fffff

     Available D-RAM Range = 0x80002000 to 0x801fffff

     PageSize              = 0x400

     Register Stack Size   = 0x800

     Memory Stack Size     = 0x1800

     CPU PRL               = 0x3

     Am29027 Available     = No

     Byte Write Available  = Yes

     # ~.

   Then exit the `cu' or `tip' program (done in the example by typing

`~.' at the `EBMON' prompt).  `EBMON' keeps running, ready for GDB to

take over.

   For this example, we've assumed what is probably the most convenient

way to make sure the same 29K program is on both the PC and the Unix

system: a PC/NFS connection that establishes "drive `G:'" on the PC as

a file system on the Unix host.  If you do not have PC/NFS or something

similar connecting the two systems, you must arrange some other

way--perhaps floppy-disk transfer--of getting the 29K program from the

Unix system to the PC; GDB does _not_ download it over the serial line.

File: gdb.info,  Node: gdb-EB29K,  Next: Remote Log,  Prev: Comms (EB29K),  Up: A29K Embedded

EB29K cross-debugging

.....................

   Finally, `cd' to the directory containing an image of your 29K

program on the Unix system, and start GDB--specifying as argument the

name of your 29K program:

     cd /usr/joe/work29k

     gdb myfoo

   Now you can use the `target' command:

     target amd-eb /dev/ttya 9600 MYFOO

In this example, we've assumed your program is in a file called

`myfoo'.  Note that the filename given as the last argument to `target

amd-eb' should be the name of the program as it appears to DOS.  In our

example this is simply `MYFOO', but in general it can include a DOS

path, and depending on your transfer mechanism may not resemble the

name on the Unix side.

   At this point, you can set any breakpoints you wish; when you are

ready to see your program run on the 29K board, use the GDB command

`run'.

   To stop debugging the remote program, use the GDB `detach' command.

   To return control of the PC to its console, use `tip' or `cu' once

again, after your GDB session has concluded, to attach to `EBMON'.  You

can then type the command `q' to shut down `EBMON', returning control

to the DOS command-line interpreter.  Type `CTTY con' to return command

input to the main DOS console, and type `~.' to leave `tip' or `cu'.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Remote Log,  Prev: gdb-EB29K,  Up: A29K Embedded

Remote log

..........

   The `target amd-eb' command creates a file `eb.log' in the current

working directory, to help debug problems with the connection.

`eb.log' records all the output from `EBMON', including echoes of the

commands sent to it.  Running `tail -f' on this file in another window

often helps to understand trouble with `EBMON', or unexpected events on

the PC side of the connection.

File: gdb.info,  Node: ARM,  Next: H8/300,  Prev: A29K Embedded,  Up: Embedded Processors

ARM

---

`target rdi DEV'

     ARM Angel monitor, via RDI library interface to ADP protocol.  You

     may use this target to communicate with both boards running the

     Angel monitor, or with the EmbeddedICE JTAG debug device.

`target rdp DEV'

     ARM Demon monitor.

File: gdb.info,  Node: H8/300,  Next: H8/500,  Prev: ARM,  Up: Embedded Processors

Hitachi H8/300

--------------

`target hms DEV'

     A Hitachi SH, H8/300, or H8/500 board, attached via serial line to

     your host.  Use special commands `device' and `speed' to control

     the serial line and the communications speed used.

`target e7000 DEV'

     E7000 emulator for Hitachi H8 and SH.

`target sh3 DEV'

`target sh3e DEV'

     Hitachi SH-3 and SH-3E target systems.

   When you select remote debugging to a Hitachi SH, H8/300, or H8/500

board, the `load' command downloads your program to the Hitachi board

and also opens it as the current executable target for GDB on your host

(like the `file' command).

   GDB needs to know these things to talk to your Hitachi SH, H8/300,

or H8/500:

  1. that you want to use `target hms', the remote debugging interface

     for Hitachi microprocessors, or `target e7000', the in-circuit

     emulator for the Hitachi SH and the Hitachi 300H.  (`target hms' is

     the default when GDB is configured specifically for the Hitachi SH,

     H8/300, or H8/500.)

  2. what serial device connects your host to your Hitachi board (the

     first serial device available on your host is the default).

  3. what speed to use over the serial device.

* Menu:

* Hitachi Boards::      Connecting to Hitachi boards.

* Hitachi ICE::         Using the E7000 In-Circuit Emulator.

* Hitachi Special::     Special GDB commands for Hitachi micros.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Hitachi Boards,  Next: Hitachi ICE,  Up: H8/300

Connecting to Hitachi boards

............................

   Use the special `GDB' command `device PORT' if you need to

explicitly set the serial device.  The default PORT is the first

available port on your host.  This is only necessary on Unix hosts,

where it is typically something like `/dev/ttya'.

   `GDB' has another special command to set the communications speed:

`speed BPS'.  This command also is only used from Unix hosts; on DOS

hosts, set the line speed as usual from outside GDB with the DOS `mode'

command (for instance, `mode com2:9600,n,8,1,p' for a 9600bps

connection).

   The `device' and `speed' commands are available only when you use a

Unix host to debug your Hitachi microprocessor programs.  If you use a

DOS host, GDB depends on an auxiliary terminate-and-stay-resident

program called `asynctsr' to communicate with the development board

through a PC serial port.  You must also use the DOS `mode' command to

set up the serial port on the DOS side.

   The following sample session illustrates the steps needed to start a

program under GDB control on an H8/300.  The example uses a sample

H8/300 program called `t.x'.  The procedure is the same for the Hitachi

SH and the H8/500.

   First hook up your development board.  In this example, we use a

board attached to serial port `COM2'; if you use a different serial

port, substitute its name in the argument of the `mode' command.  When

you call `asynctsr', the auxiliary comms program used by the debugger,

you give it just the numeric part of the serial port's name; for

example, `asyncstr 2' below runs `asyncstr' on `COM2'.

     C:\H8300\TEST> asynctsr 2

     C:\H8300\TEST> mode com2:9600,n,8,1,p

     Resident portion of MODE loaded

     COM2: 9600, n, 8, 1, p

     _Warning:_ We have noticed a bug in PC-NFS that conflicts with

     `asynctsr'.  If you also run PC-NFS on your DOS host, you may need

     to disable it, or even boot without it, to use `asynctsr' to

     control your development board.

   Now that serial communications are set up, and the development board

is connected, you can start up GDB.  Call `gdb' with the name of your

program as the argument.  `GDB' prompts you, as usual, with the prompt

`(gdb)'.  Use two special commands to begin your debugging session:

`target hms' to specify cross-debugging to the Hitachi board, and the

`load' command to download your program to the board.  `load' displays

the names of the program's sections, and a `*' for each 2K of data

downloaded.  (If you want to refresh GDB data on symbols or on the

executable file without downloading, use the GDB commands `file' or

`symbol-file'.  These commands, and `load' itself, are described in

*Note Commands to specify files: Files.)

     (eg-C:\H8300\TEST) gdb t.x

     GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies

      of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see

      the conditions.

     There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty"

     for details.

     GDB 20010707, Copyright 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc...

     (gdb) target hms

     Connected to remote H8/300 HMS system.

     (gdb) load t.x

     .text   : 0x8000 .. 0xabde ***********

     .data   : 0xabde .. 0xad30 *

     .stack  : 0xf000 .. 0xf014 *

   At this point, you're ready to run or debug your program.  From here

on, you can use all the usual GDB commands.  The `break' command sets

breakpoints; the `run' command starts your program; `print' or `x'

display data; the `continue' command resumes execution after stopping

at a breakpoint.  You can use the `help' command at any time to find

out more about GDB commands.

   Remember, however, that _operating system_ facilities aren't

available on your development board; for example, if your program hangs,

you can't send an interrupt--but you can press the RESET switch!

   Use the RESET button on the development board

   * to interrupt your program (don't use `ctl-C' on the DOS host--it

     has no way to pass an interrupt signal to the development board);

     and

   * to return to the GDB command prompt after your program finishes

     normally.  The communications protocol provides no other way for

     GDB to detect program completion.

   In either case, GDB sees the effect of a RESET on the development

board as a "normal exit" of your program.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Hitachi ICE,  Next: Hitachi Special,  Prev: Hitachi Boards,  Up: H8/300

Using the E7000 in-circuit emulator

...................................

   You can use the E7000 in-circuit emulator to develop code for either

the Hitachi SH or the H8/300H.  Use one of these forms of the `target

e7000' command to connect GDB to your E7000:

`target e7000 PORT SPEED'

     Use this form if your E7000 is connected to a serial port.  The

     PORT argument identifies what serial port to use (for example,

     `com2').  The third argument is the line speed in bits per second

     (for example, `9600').

`target e7000 HOSTNAME'

     If your E7000 is installed as a host on a TCP/IP network, you can

     just specify its hostname; GDB uses `telnet' to connect.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Hitachi Special,  Prev: Hitachi ICE,  Up: H8/300

Special GDB commands for Hitachi micros

.......................................

   Some GDB commands are available only for the H8/300:

`set machine h8300'

`set machine h8300h'

     Condition GDB for one of the two variants of the H8/300

     architecture with `set machine'.  You can use `show machine' to

     check which variant is currently in effect.

File: gdb.info,  Node: H8/500,  Next: i960,  Prev: H8/300,  Up: Embedded Processors

H8/500

------

`set memory MOD'

`show memory'

     Specify which H8/500 memory model (MOD) you are using with `set

     memory'; check which memory model is in effect with `show memory'.

     The accepted values for MOD are `small', `big', `medium', and

     `compact'.

File: gdb.info,  Node: i960,  Next: M32R/D,  Prev: H8/500,  Up: Embedded Processors

Intel i960

----------

`target mon960 DEV'

     MON960 monitor for Intel i960.

`target nindy DEVICENAME'

     An Intel 960 board controlled by a Nindy Monitor.  DEVICENAME is

     the name of the serial device to use for the connection, e.g.

     `/dev/ttya'.

   "Nindy" is a ROM Monitor program for Intel 960 target systems.  When

GDB is configured to control a remote Intel 960 using Nindy, you can

tell GDB how to connect to the 960 in several ways:

   * Through command line options specifying serial port, version of the

     Nindy protocol, and communications speed;

   * By responding to a prompt on startup;

   * By using the `target' command at any point during your GDB

     session.  *Note Commands for managing targets: Target Commands.

   With the Nindy interface to an Intel 960 board, `load' downloads

FILENAME to the 960 as well as adding its symbols in GDB.

* Menu:

* Nindy Startup::               Startup with Nindy

* Nindy Options::               Options for Nindy

* Nindy Reset::                 Nindy reset command

File: gdb.info,  Node: Nindy Startup,  Next: Nindy Options,  Up: i960

Startup with Nindy

..................

   If you simply start `gdb' without using any command-line options,

you are prompted for what serial port to use, _before_ you reach the

ordinary GDB prompt:

     Attach /dev/ttyNN -- specify NN, or "quit" to quit:

Respond to the prompt with whatever suffix (after `/dev/tty')

identifies the serial port you want to use.  You can, if you choose,

simply start up with no Nindy connection by responding to the prompt

with an empty line.  If you do this and later wish to attach to Nindy,

use `target' (*note Commands for managing targets: Target Commands.).

File: gdb.info,  Node: Nindy Options,  Next: Nindy Reset,  Prev: Nindy Startup,  Up: i960

Options for Nindy

.................

   These are the startup options for beginning your GDB session with a

Nindy-960 board attached:

`-r PORT'

     Specify the serial port name of a serial interface to be used to

     connect to the target system.  This option is only available when

     GDB is configured for the Intel 960 target architecture.  You may

     specify PORT as any of: a full pathname (e.g. `-r /dev/ttya'), a

     device name in `/dev' (e.g. `-r ttya'), or simply the unique

     suffix for a specific `tty' (e.g. `-r a').

`-O'

     (An uppercase letter "O", not a zero.)  Specify that GDB should use

     the "old" Nindy monitor protocol to connect to the target system.

     This option is only available when GDB is configured for the Intel

     960 target architecture.

          _Warning:_ if you specify `-O', but are actually trying to

          connect to a target system that expects the newer protocol,

          the connection fails, appearing to be a speed mismatch.  GDB

          repeatedly attempts to reconnect at several different line

          speeds.  You can abort this process with an interrupt.

`-brk'

     Specify that GDB should first send a `BREAK' signal to the target

     system, in an attempt to reset it, before connecting to a Nindy

     target.

          _Warning:_ Many target systems do not have the hardware that

          this requires; it only works with a few boards.

   The standard `-b' option controls the line speed used on the serial

port.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Nindy Reset,  Prev: Nindy Options,  Up: i960

Nindy reset command

...................

`reset'

     For a Nindy target, this command sends a "break" to the remote

     target system; this is only useful if the target has been equipped

     with a circuit to perform a hard reset (or some other interesting

     action) when a break is detected.

File: gdb.info,  Node: M32R/D,  Next: M68K,  Prev: i960,  Up: Embedded Processors

Mitsubishi M32R/D

-----------------

`target m32r DEV'

     Mitsubishi M32R/D ROM monitor.

File: gdb.info,  Node: M68K,  Next: M88K,  Prev: M32R/D,  Up: Embedded Processors

M68k

----

   The Motorola m68k configuration includes ColdFire support, and

target command for the following ROM monitors.

`target abug DEV'

     ABug ROM monitor for M68K.

`target cpu32bug DEV'

     CPU32BUG monitor, running on a CPU32 (M68K) board.

`target dbug DEV'

     dBUG ROM monitor for Motorola ColdFire.

`target est DEV'

     EST-300 ICE monitor, running on a CPU32 (M68K) board.

`target rom68k DEV'

     ROM 68K monitor, running on an M68K IDP board.

   If GDB is configured with `m68*-ericsson-*', it will instead have

only a single special target command:

`target es1800 DEV'

     ES-1800 emulator for M68K.

   [context?]

`target rombug DEV'

     ROMBUG ROM monitor for OS/9000.

File: gdb.info,  Node: M88K,  Next: MIPS Embedded,  Prev: M68K,  Up: Embedded Processors

M88K

----

`target bug DEV'

     BUG monitor, running on a MVME187 (m88k) board.

File: gdb.info,  Node: MIPS Embedded,  Next: PA,  Prev: M88K,  Up: Embedded Processors

MIPS Embedded

-------------

   GDB can use the MIPS remote debugging protocol to talk to a MIPS

board attached to a serial line.  This is available when you configure

GDB with `--target=mips-idt-ecoff'.

   Use these GDB commands to specify the connection to your target

board:

`target mips PORT'

     To run a program on the board, start up `gdb' with the name of

     your program as the argument.  To connect to the board, use the

     command `target mips PORT', where PORT is the name of the serial

     port connected to the board.  If the program has not already been

     downloaded to the board, you may use the `load' command to

     download it.  You can then use all the usual GDB commands.

     For example, this sequence connects to the target board through a

     serial port, and loads and runs a program called PROG through the

     debugger:

          host$ gdb PROG

          GDB is free software and ...

          (gdb) target mips /dev/ttyb

          (gdb) load PROG

          (gdb) run

`target mips HOSTNAME:PORTNUMBER'

     On some GDB host configurations, you can specify a TCP connection

     (for instance, to a serial line managed by a terminal

     concentrator) instead of a serial port, using the syntax

     `HOSTNAME:PORTNUMBER'.

`target pmon PORT'

     PMON ROM monitor.

`target ddb PORT'

     NEC's DDB variant of PMON for Vr4300.

`target lsi PORT'

     LSI variant of PMON.

`target r3900 DEV'

     Densan DVE-R3900 ROM monitor for Toshiba R3900 Mips.

`target array DEV'

     Array Tech LSI33K RAID controller board.

GDB also supports these special commands for MIPS targets:

`set processor ARGS'

`show processor'

     Use the `set processor' command to set the type of MIPS processor

     when you want to access processor-type-specific registers.  For

     example, `set processor R3041' tells GDB to use the CPU registers

     appropriate for the 3041 chip.  Use the `show processor' command

     to see what MIPS processor GDB is using.  Use the `info reg'

     command to see what registers GDB is using.

`set mipsfpu double'

`set mipsfpu single'

`set mipsfpu none'

`show mipsfpu'

     If your target board does not support the MIPS floating point

     coprocessor, you should use the command `set mipsfpu none' (if you

     need this, you may wish to put the command in your GDB init file).

     This tells GDB how to find the return value of functions which

     return floating point values.  It also allows GDB to avoid saving

     the floating point registers when calling functions on the board.

     If you are using a floating point coprocessor with only single

     precision floating point support, as on the R4650 processor, use

     the command `set mipsfpu single'.  The default double precision

     floating point coprocessor may be selected using `set mipsfpu

     double'.

     In previous versions the only choices were double precision or no

     floating point, so `set mipsfpu on' will select double precision

     and `set mipsfpu off' will select no floating point.

     As usual, you can inquire about the `mipsfpu' variable with `show

     mipsfpu'.

`set remotedebug N'

`show remotedebug'

     You can see some debugging information about communications with

     the board by setting the `remotedebug' variable.  If you set it to

     `1' using `set remotedebug 1', every packet is displayed.  If you

     set it to `2', every character is displayed.  You can check the

     current value at any time with the command `show remotedebug'.

`set timeout SECONDS'

`set retransmit-timeout SECONDS'

`show timeout'

`show retransmit-timeout'

     You can control the timeout used while waiting for a packet, in

     the MIPS remote protocol, with the `set timeout SECONDS' command.

     The default is 5 seconds.  Similarly, you can control the timeout

     used while waiting for an acknowledgement of a packet with the `set

     retransmit-timeout SECONDS' command.  The default is 3 seconds.

     You can inspect both values with `show timeout' and `show

     retransmit-timeout'.  (These commands are _only_ available when

     GDB is configured for `--target=mips-idt-ecoff'.)

     The timeout set by `set timeout' does not apply when GDB is

     waiting for your program to stop.  In that case, GDB waits forever

     because it has no way of knowing how long the program is going to

     run before stopping.

File: gdb.info,  Node: PowerPC,  Next: SH,  Prev: PA,  Up: Embedded Processors

PowerPC

-------

`target dink32 DEV'

     DINK32 ROM monitor.

`target ppcbug DEV'

`target ppcbug1 DEV'

     PPCBUG ROM monitor for PowerPC.

`target sds DEV'

     SDS monitor, running on a PowerPC board (such as Motorola's ADS).

File: gdb.info,  Node: PA,  Next: PowerPC,  Prev: MIPS Embedded,  Up: Embedded Processors

HP PA Embedded

--------------

`target op50n DEV'

     OP50N monitor, running on an OKI HPPA board.

`target w89k DEV'

     W89K monitor, running on a Winbond HPPA board.

File: gdb.info,  Node: SH,  Next: Sparclet,  Prev: PowerPC,  Up: Embedded Processors

Hitachi SH

----------

`target hms DEV'

     A Hitachi SH board attached via serial line to your host.  Use

     special commands `device' and `speed' to control the serial line

     and the communications speed used.

`target e7000 DEV'

     E7000 emulator for Hitachi SH.

`target sh3 DEV'

`target sh3e DEV'

     Hitachi SH-3 and SH-3E target systems.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Sparclet,  Next: Sparclite,  Prev: SH,  Up: Embedded Processors

Tsqware Sparclet

----------------

   GDB enables developers to debug tasks running on Sparclet targets

from a Unix host.  GDB uses code that runs on both the Unix host and on

the Sparclet target.  The program `gdb' is installed and executed on

the Unix host.

`remotetimeout ARGS'

     GDB supports the option `remotetimeout'.  This option is set by

     the user, and  ARGS represents the number of seconds GDB waits for

     responses.

   When compiling for debugging, include the options `-g' to get debug

information and `-Ttext' to relocate the program to where you wish to

load it on the target.  You may also want to add the options `-n' or

`-N' in order to reduce the size of the sections.  Example:

     sparclet-aout-gcc prog.c -Ttext 0x12010000 -g -o prog -N

   You can use `objdump' to verify that the addresses are what you

intended:

     sparclet-aout-objdump --headers --syms prog

   Once you have set your Unix execution search path to find GDB, you

are ready to run GDB.  From your Unix host, run `gdb' (or

`sparclet-aout-gdb', depending on your installation).

   GDB comes up showing the prompt:

     (gdbslet)

* Menu:

* Sparclet File::                Setting the file to debug

* Sparclet Connection::          Connecting to Sparclet

* Sparclet Download::            Sparclet download

* Sparclet Execution::           Running and debugging

File: gdb.info,  Node: Sparclet File,  Next: Sparclet Connection,  Up: Sparclet

Setting file to debug

.....................

   The GDB command `file' lets you choose with program to debug.

     (gdbslet) file prog

   GDB then attempts to read the symbol table of `prog'.  GDB locates

the file by searching the directories listed in the command search path.

If the file was compiled with debug information (option "-g"), source

files will be searched as well.  GDB locates the source files by

searching the directories listed in the directory search path (*note

Your program's environment: Environment.).  If it fails to find a file,

it displays a message such as:

     prog: No such file or directory.

   When this happens, add the appropriate directories to the search

paths with the GDB commands `path' and `dir', and execute the `target'

command again.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Sparclet Connection,  Next: Sparclet Download,  Prev: Sparclet File,  Up: Sparclet

Connecting to Sparclet

......................

   The GDB command `target' lets you connect to a Sparclet target.  To

connect to a target on serial port "`ttya'", type:

     (gdbslet) target sparclet /dev/ttya

     Remote target sparclet connected to /dev/ttya

     main () at ../prog.c:3

   GDB displays messages like these:

     Connected to ttya.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Sparclet Download,  Next: Sparclet Execution,  Prev: Sparclet Connection,  Up: Sparclet

Sparclet download

.................

   Once connected to the Sparclet target, you can use the GDB `load'

command to download the file from the host to the target.  The file

name and load offset should be given as arguments to the `load' command.

Since the file format is aout, the program must be loaded to the

starting address.  You can use `objdump' to find out what this value

is.  The load offset is an offset which is added to the VMA (virtual

memory address) of each of the file's sections.  For instance, if the

program `prog' was linked to text address 0x1201000, with data at

0x12010160 and bss at 0x12010170, in GDB, type:

     (gdbslet) load prog 0x12010000

     Loading section .text, size 0xdb0 vma 0x12010000

   If the code is loaded at a different address then what the program

was linked to, you may need to use the `section' and `add-symbol-file'

commands to tell GDB where to map the symbol table.

File: gdb.info,  Node: Sparclet Execution,  Prev: Sparclet Download,  Up: Sparclet

Running and debugging

.....................

   You can now begin debugging the task using GDB's execution control

commands, `b', `step', `run', etc.  See the GDB manual for the list of

commands.

     (gdbslet) b main

     Breakpoint 1 at 0x12010000: file prog.c, line 3.

     (gdbslet) run

     Starting program: prog

     Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0xeffff21c) at prog.c:3

     3        char *symarg = 0;

     (gdbslet) step

     4        char *execarg = "hello!";

     (gdbslet)

File: gdb.info,  Node: Sparclite,  Next: ST2000,  Prev: Sparclet,  Up: Embedded Processors

Fujitsu Sparclite

-----------------

`target sparclite DEV'

     Fujitsu sparclite boards, used only for the purpose of loading.

     You must use an additional command to debug the program.  For

     example: target remote DEV using GDB standard remote protocol.

File: gdb.info,  Node: ST2000,  Next: Z8000,  Prev: Sparclite,  Up: Embedded Processors

Tandem ST2000

-------------

   GDB may be used with a Tandem ST2000 phone switch, running Tandem's

STDBUG protocol.

   To connect your ST2000 to the host system, see the manufacturer's

manual.  Once the ST2000 is physically attached, you can run:

     target st2000 DEV SPEED

to establish it as your debugging environment.  DEV is normally the

name of a serial device, such as `/dev/ttya', connected to the ST2000

via a serial line.  You can instead specify DEV as a TCP connection

(for example, to a serial line attached via a terminal concentrator)

using the syntax `HOSTNAME:PORTNUMBER'.

   The `load' and `attach' commands are _not_ defined for this target;

you must load your program into the ST2000 as you normally would for

standalone operation.  GDB reads debugging information (such as

symbols) from a separate, debugging version of the program available on

your host computer.

   These auxiliary GDB commands are available to help you with the

ST2000 environment:

`st2000 COMMAND'

     Send a COMMAND to the STDBUG monitor.  See the manufacturer's

     manual for available commands.

`connect'

     Connect the controlling terminal to the STDBUG command monitor.

     When you are done interacting with STDBUG, typing either of two

     character sequences gets you back to the GDB command prompt:

     `~.' (Return, followed by tilde and period) or `~'

     (Return, followed by tilde and control-D).

File: gdb.info,  Node: Z8000,  Prev: ST2000,  Up: Embedded Processors

Zilog Z8000

-----------

   When configured for debugging Zilog Z8000 targets, GDB includes a

Z8000 simulator.

   For the Z8000 family, `target sim' simulates either the Z8002 (the

unsegmented variant of the Z8000 architecture) or the Z8001 (the

segmented variant).  The simulator recognizes which architecture is

appropriate by inspecting the object code.

`target sim ARGS'

     Debug programs on a simulated CPU.  If the simulator supports setup

     options, specify them via ARGS.