| 1 |
1275 |
phoenix |
Intro
|
| 2 |
|
|
=====
|
| 3 |
|
|
|
| 4 |
|
|
This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
|
| 5 |
|
|
software necessary to run the 2.4 kernels, as well as provide brief
|
| 6 |
|
|
instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
|
| 7 |
|
|
trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.2.x
|
| 8 |
|
|
kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.2.x kernels for
|
| 9 |
|
|
additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
|
| 10 |
|
|
here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
|
| 11 |
|
|
functional and running at least 2.2.x kernels.
|
| 12 |
|
|
|
| 13 |
|
|
This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
|
| 14 |
|
|
and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
|
| 15 |
|
|
Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
|
| 16 |
|
|
'net).
|
| 17 |
|
|
|
| 18 |
|
|
The latest revision of this document, in various formats, can always
|
| 19 |
|
|
be found at .
|
| 20 |
|
|
|
| 21 |
|
|
Feel free to translate this document. If you do so, please send me a
|
| 22 |
|
|
URL to your translation for inclusion in future revisions of this
|
| 23 |
|
|
document.
|
| 24 |
|
|
|
| 25 |
|
|
Smotrite file , yavlyaushisya
|
| 26 |
|
|
russkim perevodom dannogo documenta.
|
| 27 |
|
|
|
| 28 |
|
|
Visite para obtener la traducción
|
| 29 |
|
|
al español de este documento en varios formatos.
|
| 30 |
|
|
|
| 31 |
|
|
Eine deutsche Version dieser Datei finden Sie unter
|
| 32 |
|
|
.
|
| 33 |
|
|
|
| 34 |
|
|
Last updated: February 13, 2002
|
| 35 |
|
|
|
| 36 |
|
|
Chris Ricker (kaboom@gatech.edu or chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu).
|
| 37 |
|
|
|
| 38 |
|
|
Current Minimal Requirements
|
| 39 |
|
|
============================
|
| 40 |
|
|
|
| 41 |
|
|
Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
|
| 42 |
|
|
encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
|
| 43 |
|
|
running, the suggested command should tell you.
|
| 44 |
|
|
|
| 45 |
|
|
Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
|
| 46 |
|
|
functionally running a Linux 2.2 kernel. Also, not all tools are
|
| 47 |
|
|
necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any PCMCIA (PC
|
| 48 |
|
|
Card) hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself
|
| 49 |
|
|
with pcmcia-cs.
|
| 50 |
|
|
|
| 51 |
|
|
o Gnu C 2.95.3 # gcc --version
|
| 52 |
|
|
o Gnu make 3.77 # make --version
|
| 53 |
|
|
o binutils 2.9.1.0.25 # ld -v
|
| 54 |
|
|
o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
|
| 55 |
|
|
o modutils 2.4.2 # insmod -V
|
| 56 |
|
|
o e2fsprogs 1.25 # tune2fs
|
| 57 |
|
|
o jfsutils 1.0.12 # fsck.jfs -V
|
| 58 |
|
|
o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
|
| 59 |
|
|
o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
|
| 60 |
|
|
o pcmcia-cs 3.1.21 # cardmgr -V
|
| 61 |
|
|
o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
|
| 62 |
|
|
o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
|
| 63 |
|
|
o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
|
| 64 |
|
|
|
| 65 |
|
|
Kernel compilation
|
| 66 |
|
|
==================
|
| 67 |
|
|
|
| 68 |
|
|
GCC
|
| 69 |
|
|
---
|
| 70 |
|
|
|
| 71 |
|
|
The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
|
| 72 |
|
|
computer. The next paragraph applies to users of x86 CPUs, but not
|
| 73 |
|
|
necessarily to users of other CPUs. Users of other CPUs should obtain
|
| 74 |
|
|
information about their gcc version requirements from another source.
|
| 75 |
|
|
|
| 76 |
|
|
The recommended compiler for the kernel is gcc 2.95.x (x >= 3), and it
|
| 77 |
|
|
should be used when you need absolute stability. You may use gcc 3.0.x
|
| 78 |
|
|
instead if you wish, although it may cause problems. Later versions of gcc
|
| 79 |
|
|
have not received much testing for Linux kernel compilation, and there are
|
| 80 |
|
|
almost certainly bugs (mainly, but not exclusively, in the kernel) that
|
| 81 |
|
|
will need to be fixed in order to use these compilers. In any case, using
|
| 82 |
|
|
pgcc instead of egcs or plain gcc is just asking for trouble.
|
| 83 |
|
|
|
| 84 |
|
|
Note that gcc 2.7.2.3 is no longer a supported kernel compiler. The kernel
|
| 85 |
|
|
no longer works around bugs in gcc 2.7.2.3 and, in fact, will refuse to
|
| 86 |
|
|
be compiled with it. egcs-1.1.2 has register allocation problems in very
|
| 87 |
|
|
obscure cases. We have ensured the kernel does not trip these in any known
|
| 88 |
|
|
situation. The 2.5 tree is likely to drop egcs-1.1.2 workarounds.
|
| 89 |
|
|
|
| 90 |
|
|
The Red Hat gcc 2.96 compiler subtree can also be used to build this tree.
|
| 91 |
|
|
You should ensure you use gcc-2.96-74 or later. gcc-2.96-54 will not build
|
| 92 |
|
|
the kernel correctly.
|
| 93 |
|
|
|
| 94 |
|
|
In addition, please pay attention to compiler optimization. Anything
|
| 95 |
|
|
greater than -O2 may not be wise. Similarly, if you choose to use gcc-2.95.x
|
| 96 |
|
|
or derivatives, be sure not to use -fstrict-aliasing (which, depending on
|
| 97 |
|
|
your version of gcc 2.95.x, may necessitate using -fno-strict-aliasing).
|
| 98 |
|
|
|
| 99 |
|
|
Make
|
| 100 |
|
|
----
|
| 101 |
|
|
|
| 102 |
|
|
You will need Gnu make 3.77 or later to build the kernel.
|
| 103 |
|
|
|
| 104 |
|
|
Binutils
|
| 105 |
|
|
--------
|
| 106 |
|
|
|
| 107 |
|
|
Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
|
| 108 |
|
|
assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
|
| 109 |
|
|
your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
|
| 110 |
|
|
release of binutils.
|
| 111 |
|
|
|
| 112 |
|
|
If you can, upgrade to the latest 2.9.5 or 2.1x binutils release. Older
|
| 113 |
|
|
releases such as 2.8, 2.8.xx, and the FSF's 2.9.1 should be avoided if
|
| 114 |
|
|
at all possible. The later releases of 2.9.1.0.x (anything where x >= 22)
|
| 115 |
|
|
can and do compile the kernel properly, but there are many benefits in
|
| 116 |
|
|
upgrading to 2.9.5 or 2.1x if you're up to it.
|
| 117 |
|
|
|
| 118 |
|
|
System utilities
|
| 119 |
|
|
================
|
| 120 |
|
|
|
| 121 |
|
|
Architectural changes
|
| 122 |
|
|
---------------------
|
| 123 |
|
|
|
| 124 |
|
|
DevFS is now in the kernel. See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/* in
|
| 125 |
|
|
the kernel source tree for all the gory details.
|
| 126 |
|
|
|
| 127 |
|
|
The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is now in the kernel. If you want to
|
| 128 |
|
|
use this, you'll need to install the necessary LVM toolset.
|
| 129 |
|
|
|
| 130 |
|
|
32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
|
| 131 |
|
|
|
| 132 |
|
|
Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
|
| 133 |
|
|
documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
|
| 134 |
|
|
definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
|
| 135 |
|
|
SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
|
| 136 |
|
|
files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
|
| 137 |
|
|
HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
|
| 138 |
|
|
DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
|
| 139 |
|
|
well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
|
| 140 |
|
|
|
| 141 |
|
|
Util-linux
|
| 142 |
|
|
----------
|
| 143 |
|
|
|
| 144 |
|
|
New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
|
| 145 |
|
|
support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
|
| 146 |
|
|
types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
|
| 147 |
|
|
You'll probably want to upgrade.
|
| 148 |
|
|
|
| 149 |
|
|
Ksymoops
|
| 150 |
|
|
--------
|
| 151 |
|
|
|
| 152 |
|
|
If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you'll need a 2.4
|
| 153 |
|
|
version of ksymoops to decode the report; see REPORTING-BUGS in the
|
| 154 |
|
|
root of the Linux source for more information.
|
| 155 |
|
|
|
| 156 |
|
|
Modutils
|
| 157 |
|
|
--------
|
| 158 |
|
|
|
| 159 |
|
|
Upgrade to recent modutils to fix various outstanding bugs which are
|
| 160 |
|
|
seen more frequently under 2.4.x, and to enable auto-loading of USB
|
| 161 |
|
|
modules. In addition, the layout of modules under
|
| 162 |
|
|
/lib/modules/`uname -r`/ has been made more sane. This change also
|
| 163 |
|
|
requires that you upgrade to a recent modutils.
|
| 164 |
|
|
|
| 165 |
|
|
Mkinitrd
|
| 166 |
|
|
--------
|
| 167 |
|
|
|
| 168 |
|
|
These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
|
| 169 |
|
|
mkinitrd be upgraded.
|
| 170 |
|
|
|
| 171 |
|
|
E2fsprogs
|
| 172 |
|
|
---------
|
| 173 |
|
|
|
| 174 |
|
|
The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
|
| 175 |
|
|
debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
|
| 176 |
|
|
|
| 177 |
|
|
JFSutils
|
| 178 |
|
|
--------
|
| 179 |
|
|
|
| 180 |
|
|
The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
|
| 181 |
|
|
The following utilities are available:
|
| 182 |
|
|
o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
|
| 183 |
|
|
and repair a JFS formatted partition.
|
| 184 |
|
|
o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
|
| 185 |
|
|
o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
|
| 186 |
|
|
|
| 187 |
|
|
Reiserfsprogs
|
| 188 |
|
|
-------------
|
| 189 |
|
|
|
| 190 |
|
|
The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
|
| 191 |
|
|
(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
|
| 192 |
|
|
versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
|
| 193 |
|
|
reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
|
| 194 |
|
|
|
| 195 |
|
|
Xfsprogs
|
| 196 |
|
|
--------
|
| 197 |
|
|
|
| 198 |
|
|
The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
|
| 199 |
|
|
xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
|
| 200 |
|
|
architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
|
| 201 |
|
|
work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
|
| 202 |
|
|
later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
|
| 203 |
|
|
|
| 204 |
|
|
|
| 205 |
|
|
Pcmcia-cs
|
| 206 |
|
|
---------
|
| 207 |
|
|
|
| 208 |
|
|
PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
|
| 209 |
|
|
kernel source. Pay attention when you recompile your kernel ;-).
|
| 210 |
|
|
Also, be sure to upgrade to the latest pcmcia-cs release.
|
| 211 |
|
|
|
| 212 |
|
|
Quota-tools
|
| 213 |
|
|
-----------
|
| 214 |
|
|
|
| 215 |
|
|
Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
|
| 216 |
|
|
the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
|
| 217 |
|
|
newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
|
| 218 |
|
|
from the table above.
|
| 219 |
|
|
|
| 220 |
|
|
Intel IA32 microcode
|
| 221 |
|
|
--------------------
|
| 222 |
|
|
|
| 223 |
|
|
A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
|
| 224 |
|
|
accessible as both a devfs regular file and as a normal (misc)
|
| 225 |
|
|
character device. If you are not using devfs you may need to:
|
| 226 |
|
|
|
| 227 |
|
|
mkdir /dev/cpu
|
| 228 |
|
|
mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
|
| 229 |
|
|
chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
|
| 230 |
|
|
|
| 231 |
|
|
as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
|
| 232 |
|
|
get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
|
| 233 |
|
|
|
| 234 |
|
|
If you have compiled the driver as a module you may need to add
|
| 235 |
|
|
the following line:
|
| 236 |
|
|
|
| 237 |
|
|
alias char-major-10-184 microcode
|
| 238 |
|
|
|
| 239 |
|
|
to your /etc/modules.conf file.
|
| 240 |
|
|
|
| 241 |
|
|
Powertweak
|
| 242 |
|
|
----------
|
| 243 |
|
|
|
| 244 |
|
|
If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
|
| 245 |
|
|
version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
|
| 246 |
|
|
with programs using shared memory.
|
| 247 |
|
|
|
| 248 |
|
|
Networking
|
| 249 |
|
|
==========
|
| 250 |
|
|
|
| 251 |
|
|
General changes
|
| 252 |
|
|
---------------
|
| 253 |
|
|
|
| 254 |
|
|
The IP firewalling and NAT code has been replaced again. The new
|
| 255 |
|
|
netfilter software (including ipfwadm and ipchains backwards-
|
| 256 |
|
|
compatible modules) is currently distributed separately.
|
| 257 |
|
|
|
| 258 |
|
|
If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
|
| 259 |
|
|
consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
|
| 260 |
|
|
|
| 261 |
|
|
PPP
|
| 262 |
|
|
---
|
| 263 |
|
|
|
| 264 |
|
|
The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
|
| 265 |
|
|
enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
|
| 266 |
|
|
upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
|
| 267 |
|
|
|
| 268 |
|
|
If you are not using devfs, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
|
| 269 |
|
|
which can be made by:
|
| 270 |
|
|
|
| 271 |
|
|
mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
|
| 272 |
|
|
|
| 273 |
|
|
as root.
|
| 274 |
|
|
|
| 275 |
|
|
If you build ppp support as modules, you will need the following in
|
| 276 |
|
|
your /etc/modules.conf file:
|
| 277 |
|
|
|
| 278 |
|
|
alias char-major-108 ppp_generic
|
| 279 |
|
|
alias /dev/ppp ppp_generic
|
| 280 |
|
|
alias tty-ldisc-3 ppp_async
|
| 281 |
|
|
alias tty-ldisc-14 ppp_synctty
|
| 282 |
|
|
alias ppp-compress-21 bsd_comp
|
| 283 |
|
|
alias ppp-compress-24 ppp_deflate
|
| 284 |
|
|
alias ppp-compress-26 ppp_deflate
|
| 285 |
|
|
|
| 286 |
|
|
If you use devfsd and build ppp support as modules, you will need
|
| 287 |
|
|
the following in your /etc/devfsd.conf file:
|
| 288 |
|
|
|
| 289 |
|
|
LOOKUP PPP MODLOAD
|
| 290 |
|
|
|
| 291 |
|
|
Isdn4k-utils
|
| 292 |
|
|
------------
|
| 293 |
|
|
|
| 294 |
|
|
Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
|
| 295 |
|
|
needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
|
| 296 |
|
|
|
| 297 |
|
|
Getting updated software
|
| 298 |
|
|
========================
|
| 299 |
|
|
|
| 300 |
|
|
Kernel compilation
|
| 301 |
|
|
******************
|
| 302 |
|
|
|
| 303 |
|
|
egcs 1.1.2 (gcc 2.91.66)
|
| 304 |
|
|
------------------------
|
| 305 |
|
|
o
|
| 306 |
|
|
|
| 307 |
|
|
gcc 2.95.3
|
| 308 |
|
|
----------
|
| 309 |
|
|
o
|
| 310 |
|
|
|
| 311 |
|
|
Make 3.77
|
| 312 |
|
|
---------
|
| 313 |
|
|
o
|
| 314 |
|
|
|
| 315 |
|
|
Binutils
|
| 316 |
|
|
--------
|
| 317 |
|
|
o
|
| 318 |
|
|
|
| 319 |
|
|
System utilities
|
| 320 |
|
|
****************
|
| 321 |
|
|
|
| 322 |
|
|
Util-linux
|
| 323 |
|
|
----------
|
| 324 |
|
|
o
|
| 325 |
|
|
|
| 326 |
|
|
Ksymoops
|
| 327 |
|
|
--------
|
| 328 |
|
|
o
|
| 329 |
|
|
|
| 330 |
|
|
Modutils
|
| 331 |
|
|
--------
|
| 332 |
|
|
o
|
| 333 |
|
|
|
| 334 |
|
|
Mkinitrd
|
| 335 |
|
|
--------
|
| 336 |
|
|
o
|
| 337 |
|
|
|
| 338 |
|
|
E2fsprogs
|
| 339 |
|
|
---------
|
| 340 |
|
|
o
|
| 341 |
|
|
|
| 342 |
|
|
JFSutils
|
| 343 |
|
|
---------
|
| 344 |
|
|
o
|
| 345 |
|
|
|
| 346 |
|
|
Reiserfsprogs
|
| 347 |
|
|
-------------
|
| 348 |
|
|
o
|
| 349 |
|
|
|
| 350 |
|
|
Xfsprogs
|
| 351 |
|
|
--------
|
| 352 |
|
|
o
|
| 353 |
|
|
|
| 354 |
|
|
LVM toolset
|
| 355 |
|
|
-----------
|
| 356 |
|
|
o
|
| 357 |
|
|
|
| 358 |
|
|
Pcmcia-cs
|
| 359 |
|
|
---------
|
| 360 |
|
|
o
|
| 361 |
|
|
|
| 362 |
|
|
Quota-tools
|
| 363 |
|
|
----------
|
| 364 |
|
|
o
|
| 365 |
|
|
|
| 366 |
|
|
Jade
|
| 367 |
|
|
----
|
| 368 |
|
|
o
|
| 369 |
|
|
|
| 370 |
|
|
DocBook Stylesheets
|
| 371 |
|
|
-------------------
|
| 372 |
|
|
o
|
| 373 |
|
|
|
| 374 |
|
|
Intel P6 microcode
|
| 375 |
|
|
------------------
|
| 376 |
|
|
o
|
| 377 |
|
|
|
| 378 |
|
|
Powertweak
|
| 379 |
|
|
----------
|
| 380 |
|
|
o
|
| 381 |
|
|
|
| 382 |
|
|
Networking
|
| 383 |
|
|
**********
|
| 384 |
|
|
|
| 385 |
|
|
PPP
|
| 386 |
|
|
---
|
| 387 |
|
|
o
|
| 388 |
|
|
|
| 389 |
|
|
Isdn4k-utils
|
| 390 |
|
|
------------
|
| 391 |
|
|
o
|
| 392 |
|
|
|
| 393 |
|
|
Netfilter
|
| 394 |
|
|
---------
|
| 395 |
|
|
o
|
| 396 |
|
|
o
|
| 397 |
|
|
o
|
| 398 |
|
|
|
| 399 |
|
|
Ip-route2
|
| 400 |
|
|
---------
|
| 401 |
|
|
o
|
| 402 |
|
|
|
| 403 |
|
|
Suggestions and corrections
|
| 404 |
|
|
===========================
|
| 405 |
|
|
|
| 406 |
|
|
Please feel free to submit changes, corrections, gripes, flames,
|
| 407 |
|
|
money, etc. to me . Happy Linuxing!
|
