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phoenix |
Overview of Kbuild Commands
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24 January 1999
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Michael Elizabeth Chastain,
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=== Introduction
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Someday we'll get our arms around all this stuff and clean it up
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a little! Meanwhile, this file describes the system as it is today.
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=== Quick Start
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If you are building a kernel for the first time, here are the commands
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you need:
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make config
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make dep
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make bzImage
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Instead of 'make config', you can run 'make menuconfig' for a full-screen
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text interface, or 'make xconfig' for an X interface using TCL/TK.
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'make bzImage' will leave your new kernel image in arch/i386/boot/bzImage.
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You can also use 'make bzdisk' or 'make bzlilo'.
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See the lilo documentation for more information on how to use lilo.
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You can also use the 'loadlin' program to boot Linux from MS-DOS.
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Some computers won't work with 'make bzImage', either due to hardware
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problems or very old versions of lilo or loadlin. If your kernel image
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is small, you may use 'make zImage', 'make zdisk', or 'make zlilo'
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on theses systems.
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If you find a file name 'vmlinux' in the top directory of the source tree,
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just ignore it. This is an intermediate file and you can't boot from it.
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Other architectures: the information above is oriented towards the
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i386. On other architectures, there are no 'bzImage' files; simply
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use 'zImage' or 'vmlinux' as appropriate for your architecture.
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Note: the difference between 'zImage' files and 'bzImage' files is that
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'bzImage' uses a different layout and a different loading algorithm,
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and thus has a larger capacity. Both files use gzip compression.
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The 'bz' in 'bzImage' stands for 'big zImage', not for 'bzip'!
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=== Top Level Makefile targets
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Here are the targets available at the top level:
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make config, make oldconfig, make menuconfig, make xconfig
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Configure the Linux kernel. You must do this before almost
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anything else.
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config line-oriented interface
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oldconfig line-oriented interface, re-uses old values
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menuconfig curses-based full-screen interface
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xconfig X window system interface
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make checkconfig
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This runs a little perl script that checks the source tree for
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missing instances of #include . Someone needs to
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do this occasionally, because the C preprocessor will silently give
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bad results if these symbols haven't been included (it treats
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undefined symbols in preprocessor directives as defined to 0).
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Superfluous uses of #include are also reported,
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but you can ignore these, because smart CONFIG_* dependencies
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make them harmless.
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You can run 'make checkconfig' without configuring the kernel.
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Also, 'make checkconfig' does not modify any files.
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make checkhelp
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This runs another little perl script that checks the source tree
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for options that are in Config.in files but are not documented
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in scripts/Configure.help. Again, someone needs to do this
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occasionally. If you are adding configuration options, it's
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nice if you do it before you publish your patch!
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You can run 'make checkhelp' without configuring the kernel.
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Also, 'make checkhelp' does not modify any files.
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make dep, make depend
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'make dep' is a synonym for the long form, 'make depend'.
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This command does two things. First, it computes dependency
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information about which .o files depend on which .h files.
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It records this information in a top-level file named .hdepend
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and in one file per source directory named .depend.
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Second, if you have CONFIG_MODVERSIONS enabled, 'make dep'
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computes symbol version information for all of the files that
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export symbols (note that both resident and modular files may
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export symbols).
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If you do not enable CONFIG_MODVERSIONS, you only have to run
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'make dep' once, right after the first time you configure
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the kernel. The .hdepend files and the .depend file are
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independent of your configuration.
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If you do enable CONFIG_MODVERSIONS, you must run 'make dep'
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every time you change your configuration, because the module
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symbol version information depends on the configuration.
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[to be continued ...]
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