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phoenix |
/proc/bus/usb filesystem output
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===============================
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(version 2002.03.18)
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The /proc filesystem for USB devices provides /proc/bus/usb/drivers
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and /proc/bus/usb/devices, as well as /proc/bus/usb/BBB/DDD files.
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**NOTE**: If /proc/bus/usb appears empty, and a host controller
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driver has been linked, then you need to mount the
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filesystem. Issue the command (as root):
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mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
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An alternative and more permanent method would be to add
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none /proc/bus/usb usbfs defaults 0 0
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to /etc/fstab. This will mount usbfs at each reboot.
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You can then issue `cat /proc/bus/usb/devices` to extract
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USB device information, and user mode drivers can use usbfs
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to interact with USB devices.
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There are a number of mount options supported by usbfs.
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Consult the source code (linux/drivers/usb/inode.c) for
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information about those options.
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**NOTE**: The filesystem has been renamed from "usbdevfs" to
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"usbfs", to reduce confusion with "devfs". You may
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still see references to the older "usbdevfs" name.
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For more information on mounting the usbfs file system, see the
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"USB Device Filesystem" section of the USB Guide. The latest copy
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of the USB Guide can be found at http://www.linux-usb.org/
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THE /proc/bus/usb/BBB/DDD FILES:
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--------------------------------
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Each connected USB device has one file. The BBB indicates the bus
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number. The DDD indicates the device address on that bus. Both
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of these numbers are assigned sequentially, and can be reused, so
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you can't rely on them for stable access to devices. For example,
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it's relatively common for devices to re-enumerate while they are
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still connected (perhaps someone jostled their power supply, hub,
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or USB cable), so a device might be 002/027 when you first connect
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it and 002/048 sometime later.
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These files can be read as binary data. The binary data consists
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of first the device descriptor, then the descriptors for each
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configuration of the device. That information is also shown in
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text form by the /proc/bus/usb/devices file, described later.
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These files may also be used to write user-level drivers for the USB
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devices. You would open the /proc/bus/usb/BBB/DDD file read/write,
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read its descriptors to make sure it's the device you expect, and then
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bind to an interface (or perhaps several) using an ioctl call. You
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would issue more ioctls to the device to communicate to it using
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control, bulk, or other kinds of USB transfers. The IOCTLs are
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listed in the file, and at this writing the
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source code (linux/drivers/usb/devio.c) is the primary reference
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for how to access devices through those files.
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Note that since by default these BBB/DDD files are writable only by
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root, only root can write such user mode drivers. You can selectively
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grant read/write permissions to other users by using "chmod". Also,
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usbfs mount options such as "devmode=0666" may be helpful.
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THE /proc/bus/usb/drivers FILE:
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-------------------------------
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Each of the USB device drivers linked into your kernel (statically,
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or dynamically using "modprobe") is listed in the "drivers" file.
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Here's an example from one system:
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usbdevfs
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hub
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0- 15: usblp
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usbnet
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serial
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usb-storage
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pegasus
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If you see this file, "usbdevfs" and "hub" will always be listed,
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since those are part of the "usbcore" framework.
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Drivers that use the USB major number (180) to provide character devices
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will include a range of minor numbers, as shown above for the "usblp"
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(actually "printer.o") module. USB device drivers can of course use any
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major number, but it's easy to use the USB range since there's explicit
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support for subdividing it in the USB device driver framework.
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THE /proc/bus/usb/devices FILE:
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-------------------------------
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In /proc/bus/usb/devices, each device's output has multiple
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lines of ASCII output.
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I made it ASCII instead of binary on purpose, so that someone
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can obtain some useful data from it without the use of an
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auxiliary program. However, with an auxiliary program, the numbers
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in the first 4 columns of each "T:" line (topology info:
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Lev, Prnt, Port, Cnt) can be used to build a USB topology diagram.
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Each line is tagged with a one-character ID for that line:
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T = Topology (etc.)
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B = Bandwidth (applies only to USB host controllers, which are
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virtualized as root hubs)
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D = Device descriptor info.
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P = Product ID info. (from Device descriptor, but they won't fit
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together on one line)
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S = String descriptors.
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C = Configuration descriptor info. (* = active configuration)
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I = Interface descriptor info.
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E = Endpoint descriptor info.
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=======================================================================
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/proc/bus/usb/devices output format:
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Legend:
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d = decimal number (may have leading spaces or 0's)
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x = hexadecimal number (may have leading spaces or 0's)
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s = string
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Topology info:
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T: Bus=dd Lev=dd Prnt=dd Port=dd Cnt=dd Dev#=ddd Spd=ddd MxCh=dd
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| | | | | | | | |__MaxChildren
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| | | | | | | |__Device Speed in Mbps
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| | | | | | |__DeviceNumber
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| | | | | |__Count of devices at this level
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| | | | |__Connector/Port on Parent for this device
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| | | |__Parent DeviceNumber
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| | |__Level in topology for this bus
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| |__Bus number
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|__Topology info tag
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Speed may be:
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1.5 Mbit/s for low speed USB
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12 Mbit/s for full speed USB
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480 Mbit/s for high speed USB (added for USB 2.0)
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Bandwidth info:
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B: Alloc=ddd/ddd us (xx%), #Int=ddd, #Iso=ddd
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| | | |__Number of isochronous requests
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| | |__Number of interrupt requests
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| |__Total Bandwidth allocated to this bus
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|__Bandwidth info tag
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Bandwidth allocation is an approximation of how much of one frame
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(millisecond) is in use. It reflects only periodic transfers, which
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are the only transfers that reserve bandwidth. Control and bulk
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transfers use all other bandwidth, including reserved bandwidth that
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is not used for transfers (such as for short packets).
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The percentage is how much of the "reserved" bandwidth is scheduled by
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those transfers. For a low or full speed bus (loosely, "USB 1.1"),
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90% of the bus bandwidth is reserved. For a high speed bus (loosely,
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"USB 2.0") 80% is reserved.
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Device descriptor info & Product ID info:
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D: Ver=x.xx Cls=xx(s) Sub=xx Prot=xx MxPS=dd #Cfgs=dd
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P: Vendor=xxxx ProdID=xxxx Rev=xx.xx
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where
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D: Ver=x.xx Cls=xx(sssss) Sub=xx Prot=xx MxPS=dd #Cfgs=dd
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| | | | | | |__NumberConfigurations
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| | | | | |__MaxPacketSize of Default Endpoint
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| | | | |__DeviceProtocol
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| | | |__DeviceSubClass
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| | |__DeviceClass
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| |__Device USB version
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|__Device info tag #1
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where
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P: Vendor=xxxx ProdID=xxxx Rev=xx.xx
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| | | |__Product revision number
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| | |__Product ID code
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| |__Vendor ID code
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|__Device info tag #2
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String descriptor info:
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S: Manufacturer=ssss
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| |__Manufacturer of this device as read from the device.
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| For USB host controller drivers (virtual root hubs) this may
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| be omitted, or (for newer drivers) will identify the kernel
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| version and the driver which provides this hub emulation.
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|__String info tag
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S: Product=ssss
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| |__Product description of this device as read from the device.
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| For older USB host controller drivers (virtual root hubs) this
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| indicates the driver; for newer ones, it's a product (and vendor)
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| description that often comes from the kernel's PCI ID database.
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|__String info tag
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S: SerialNumber=ssss
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| |__Serial Number of this device as read from the device.
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| For USB host controller drivers (virtual root hubs) this is
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| some unique ID, normally a bus ID (address or slot name) that
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| can't be shared with any other device.
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|__String info tag
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Configuration descriptor info:
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C:* #Ifs=dd Cfg#=dd Atr=xx MPwr=dddmA
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| | | | | |__MaxPower in mA
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| | | | |__Attributes
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| | | |__ConfiguratioNumber
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| | |__NumberOfInterfaces
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| |__ "*" indicates the active configuration (others are " ")
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|__Config info tag
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USB devices may have multiple configurations, each of which act
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rather differently. For example, a bus-powered configuration
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might be much less capable than one that is self-powered. Only
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one device configuration can be active at a time; most devices
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have only one configuration.
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Each configuration consists of one or more interfaces. Each
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interface serves a distinct "function", which is typically bound
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to a different USB device driver. One common example is a USB
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speaker with an audio interface for playback, and a HID interface
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for use with software volume control.
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Interface descriptor info (can be multiple per Config):
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I: If#=dd Alt=dd #EPs=dd Cls=xx(sssss) Sub=xx Prot=xx Driver=ssss
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| | | | | | | |__Driver name
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| | | | | | | or "(none)"
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| | | | | | |__InterfaceProtocol
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| | | | | |__InterfaceSubClass
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| | | | |__InterfaceClass
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| | | |__NumberOfEndpoints
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| | |__AlternateSettingNumber
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| |__InterfaceNumber
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|__Interface info tag
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A given interface may have one or more "alternate" settings.
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For example, default settings may not use more than a small
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amount of periodic bandwidth. To use significant fractions
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of bus bandwidth, drivers must select a non-default altsetting.
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Only one setting for an interface may be active at a time, and
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only one driver may bind to an interface at a time. Most devices
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have only one alternate setting per interface.
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Endpoint descriptor info (can be multiple per Interface):
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E: Ad=xx(s) Atr=xx(ssss) MxPS=dddd Ivl=dddms
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| | | | |__Interval (max) between transfers
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| | | |__EndpointMaxPacketSize
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| | |__Attributes(EndpointType)
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| |__EndpointAddress(I=In,O=Out)
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|__Endpoint info tag
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The interval is nonzero for all periodic (interrupt or isochronous)
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endpoints. For high speed endpoints the transfer interval may be
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measured in microseconds rather than milliseconds.
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For high speed periodic endpoints, the "MaxPacketSize" reflects
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the per-microframe data transfer size. For "high bandwidth"
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endpoints, that can reflect two or three packets (for up to
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3KBytes every 125 usec) per endpoint.
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With the Linux-USB stack, periodic bandwidth reservations use the
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transfer intervals and sizes provided by URBs, which can be less
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than those found in endpoint descriptor.
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=======================================================================
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If a user or script is interested only in Topology info, for
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example, use something like "grep ^T: /proc/bus/usb/devices"
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for only the Topology lines. A command like
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"grep -i ^[tdp]: /proc/bus/usb/devices" can be used to list
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only the lines that begin with the characters in square brackets,
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where the valid characters are TDPCIE. With a slightly more able
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script, it can display any selected lines (for example, only T, D,
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and P lines) and change their output format. (The "procusb"
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Perl script is the beginning of this idea. It will list only
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selected lines [selected from TBDPSCIE] or "All" lines from
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/proc/bus/usb/devices.)
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The Topology lines can be used to generate a graphic/pictorial
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of the USB devices on a system's root hub. (See more below
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on how to do this.)
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The Interface lines can be used to determine what driver is
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being used for each device.
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The Configuration lines could be used to list maximum power
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(in milliamps) that a system's USB devices are using.
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For example, "grep ^C: /proc/bus/usb/devices".
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Here's an example, from a system which has a UHCI root hub,
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an external hub connected to the root hub, and a mouse and
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a serial converter connected to the external hub.
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T: Bus=00 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#= 1 Spd=12 MxCh= 2
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B: Alloc= 28/900 us ( 3%), #Int= 2, #Iso= 0
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D: Ver= 1.00 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs= 1
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P: Vendor=0000 ProdID=0000 Rev= 0.00
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S: Product=USB UHCI Root Hub
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S: SerialNumber=dce0
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C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=40 MxPwr= 0mA
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I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub
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E: Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 8 Ivl=255ms
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T: Bus=00 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 2 Spd=12 MxCh= 4
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D: Ver= 1.00 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs= 1
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P: Vendor=0451 ProdID=1446 Rev= 1.00
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C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=100mA
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I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub
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E: Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 1 Ivl=255ms
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T: Bus=00 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 3 Spd=1.5 MxCh= 0
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D: Ver= 1.00 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs= 1
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P: Vendor=04b4 ProdID=0001 Rev= 0.00
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C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=80 MxPwr=100mA
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I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=03(HID ) Sub=01 Prot=02 Driver=mouse
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E: Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 3 Ivl= 10ms
|
335 |
|
|
T: Bus=00 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=02 Cnt=02 Dev#= 4 Spd=12 MxCh= 0
|
336 |
|
|
D: Ver= 1.00 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs= 1
|
337 |
|
|
P: Vendor=0565 ProdID=0001 Rev= 1.08
|
338 |
|
|
S: Manufacturer=Peracom Networks, Inc.
|
339 |
|
|
S: Product=Peracom USB to Serial Converter
|
340 |
|
|
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=a0 MxPwr=100mA
|
341 |
|
|
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 3 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=serial
|
342 |
|
|
E: Ad=81(I) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 64 Ivl= 16ms
|
343 |
|
|
E: Ad=01(O) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 16 Ivl= 16ms
|
344 |
|
|
E: Ad=82(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 8 Ivl= 8ms
|
345 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
347 |
|
|
Selecting only the "T:" and "I:" lines from this (for example, by using
|
348 |
|
|
"procusb ti"), we have:
|
349 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
T: Bus=00 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#= 1 Spd=12 MxCh= 2
|
351 |
|
|
T: Bus=00 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 2 Spd=12 MxCh= 4
|
352 |
|
|
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub
|
353 |
|
|
T: Bus=00 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 3 Spd=1.5 MxCh= 0
|
354 |
|
|
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=03(HID ) Sub=01 Prot=02 Driver=mouse
|
355 |
|
|
T: Bus=00 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=02 Cnt=02 Dev#= 4 Spd=12 MxCh= 0
|
356 |
|
|
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 3 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=serial
|
357 |
|
|
|
358 |
|
|
|
359 |
|
|
Physically this looks like (or could be converted to):
|
360 |
|
|
|
361 |
|
|
+------------------+
|
362 |
|
|
| PC/root_hub (12)| Dev# = 1
|
363 |
|
|
+------------------+ (nn) is Mbps.
|
364 |
|
|
Level 0 | CN.0 | CN.1 | [CN = connector/port #]
|
365 |
|
|
+------------------+
|
366 |
|
|
/
|
367 |
|
|
/
|
368 |
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
369 |
|
|
Level 1 | Dev#2: 4-port hub (12)|
|
370 |
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
371 |
|
|
|CN.0 |CN.1 |CN.2 |CN.3 |
|
372 |
|
|
+-----------------------+
|
373 |
|
|
\ \____________________
|
374 |
|
|
\_____ \
|
375 |
|
|
\ \
|
376 |
|
|
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
|
377 |
|
|
Level 2 | Dev# 3: mouse (1.5)| | Dev# 4: serial (12)|
|
378 |
|
|
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
|
379 |
|
|
|
380 |
|
|
|
381 |
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
Or, in a more tree-like structure (ports [Connectors] without
|
383 |
|
|
connections could be omitted):
|
384 |
|
|
|
385 |
|
|
PC: Dev# 1, root hub, 2 ports, 12 Mbps
|
386 |
|
|
|_ CN.0: Dev# 2, hub, 4 ports, 12 Mbps
|
387 |
|
|
|_ CN.0: Dev #3, mouse, 1.5 Mbps
|
388 |
|
|
|_ CN.1:
|
389 |
|
|
|_ CN.2: Dev #4, serial, 12 Mbps
|
390 |
|
|
|_ CN.3:
|
391 |
|
|
|_ CN.1:
|
392 |
|
|
|
393 |
|
|
|
394 |
|
|
### END ###
|