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/*

 * Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.

 * All rights reserved.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted

 * provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are

 * duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,

 * advertising materials, and other materials related to such

 * distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed

 * by the University of California, Berkeley.  The name of the

 * University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived

 * from this software without specific prior written permission.

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR

 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED

 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

 */

/*

 * This is derived from the Berkeley source:

 *      @(#)random.c    5.5 (Berkeley) 7/6/88

 * It was reworked for the GNU C Library by Roland McGrath.

 * Rewritten to be reentrant by Ulrich Drepper, 1995

 */

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <features.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <limits.h>

#include <stddef.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

/* An improved random number generation package.  In addition to the standard

   rand()/srand() like interface, this package also has a special state info

   interface.  The initstate() routine is called with a seed, an array of

   bytes, and a count of how many bytes are being passed in; this array is

   then initialized to contain information for random number generation with

   that much state information.  Good sizes for the amount of state

   information are 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes.  The state can be switched by

   calling the setstate() function with the same array as was initialized

   with initstate().  By default, the package runs with 128 bytes of state

   information and generates far better random numbers than a linear

   congruential generator.  If the amount of state information is less than

   32 bytes, a simple linear congruential R.N.G. is used.  Internally, the

   state information is treated as an array of longs; the zeroth element of

   the array is the type of R.N.G. being used (small integer); the remainder

   of the array is the state information for the R.N.G.  Thus, 32 bytes of

   state information will give 7 longs worth of state information, which will

   allow a degree seven polynomial.  (Note: The zeroth word of state

   information also has some other information stored in it; see setstate

   for details).  The random number generation technique is a linear feedback

   shift register approach, employing trinomials (since there are fewer terms

   to sum up that way).  In this approach, the least significant bit of all

   the numbers in the state table will act as a linear feedback shift register,

   and will have period 2^deg - 1 (where deg is the degree of the polynomial

   being used, assuming that the polynomial is irreducible and primitive).

   The higher order bits will have longer periods, since their values are

   also influenced by pseudo-random carries out of the lower bits.  The

   total period of the generator is approximately deg*(2**deg - 1); thus

   doubling the amount of state information has a vast influence on the

   period of the generator.  Note: The deg*(2**deg - 1) is an approximation

   only good for large deg, when the period of the shift register is the

   dominant factor.  With deg equal to seven, the period is actually much

   longer than the 7*(2**7 - 1) predicted by this formula.  */

/* For each of the currently supported random number generators, we have a

   break value on the amount of state information (you need at least this many

   bytes of state info to support this random number generator), a degree for

   the polynomial (actually a trinomial) that the R.N.G. is based on, and

   separation between the two lower order coefficients of the trinomial.  */

/* Linear congruential.  */

#define TYPE_0          0

#define BREAK_0         8

#define DEG_0           0

#define SEP_0           0

/* x**7 + x**3 + 1.  */

#define TYPE_1          1

#define BREAK_1         32

#define DEG_1           7

#define SEP_1           3

/* x**15 + x + 1.  */

#define TYPE_2          2

#define BREAK_2         64

#define DEG_2           15

#define SEP_2           1

/* x**31 + x**3 + 1.  */

#define TYPE_3          3

#define BREAK_3         128

#define DEG_3           31

#define SEP_3           3

/* x**63 + x + 1.  */

#define TYPE_4          4

#define BREAK_4         256

#define DEG_4           63

#define SEP_4           1

/* Array versions of the above information to make code run faster.

   Relies on fact that TYPE_i == i.  */

#define MAX_TYPES       5       /* Max number of types above.  */

struct random_poly_info

{

    int seps[MAX_TYPES];

    int degrees[MAX_TYPES];

};

static const struct random_poly_info random_poly_info =

{

    { SEP_0, SEP_1, SEP_2, SEP_3, SEP_4 },

    { DEG_0, DEG_1, DEG_2, DEG_3, DEG_4 }

};

/* Initialize the random number generator based on the given seed.  If the

   type is the trivial no-state-information type, just remember the seed.

   Otherwise, initializes state[] based on the given "seed" via a linear

   congruential generator.  Then, the pointers are set to known locations

   that are exactly rand_sep places apart.  Lastly, it cycles the state

   information a given number of times to get rid of any initial dependencies

   introduced by the L.C.R.N.G.  Note that the initialization of randtbl[]

   for default usage relies on values produced by this routine.  */

int srandom_r (unsigned int seed, struct random_data *buf)

{

    int type;

    int32_t *state;

    long int i;

    long int word;

    int32_t *dst;

    int kc;

    if (buf == NULL)

        goto fail;

    type = buf->rand_type;

    if ((unsigned int) type >= MAX_TYPES)

        goto fail;

    state = buf->state;

    /* We must make sure the seed is not 0.  Take arbitrarily 1 in this case.  */

    if (seed == 0)

        seed = 1;

    state[0] = seed;

    if (type == TYPE_0)

        goto done;

    dst = state;

    word = seed;

    kc = buf->rand_deg;

    for (i = 1; i < kc; ++i)

    {

        /* This does:

           state[i] = (16807 * state[i - 1]) % 2147483647;

           but avoids overflowing 31 bits.  */

        long int hi = word / 127773;

        long int lo = word % 127773;

        word = 16807 * lo - 2836 * hi;

        if (word < 0)

            word += 2147483647;

        *++dst = word;

    }

    buf->fptr = &state[buf->rand_sep];

    buf->rptr = &state[0];

    kc *= 10;

    while (--kc >= 0)

    {

        int32_t discard;

        (void) random_r (buf, &discard);

    }

done:

    return 0;

fail:

    return -1;

}

/* Initialize the state information in the given array of N bytes for

   future random number generation.  Based on the number of bytes we

   are given, and the break values for the different R.N.G.'s, we choose

   the best (largest) one we can and set things up for it.  srandom is

   then called to initialize the state information.  Note that on return

   from srandom, we set state[-1] to be the type multiplexed with the current

   value of the rear pointer; this is so successive calls to initstate won't

   lose this information and will be able to restart with setstate.

   Note: The first thing we do is save the current state, if any, just like

   setstate so that it doesn't matter when initstate is called.

   Returns a pointer to the old state.  */

int initstate_r (seed, arg_state, n, buf)

     unsigned int seed;

     char *arg_state;

     size_t n;

     struct random_data *buf;

{

    int type;

    int degree;

    int separation;

    int32_t *state;

    if (buf == NULL)

        goto fail;

    if (n >= BREAK_3)

        type = n < BREAK_4 ? TYPE_3 : TYPE_4;

    else if (n < BREAK_1)

    {

        if (n < BREAK_0)

        {

            __set_errno (EINVAL);

            goto fail;

        }

        type = TYPE_0;

    }

    else

        type = n < BREAK_2 ? TYPE_1 : TYPE_2;

    degree = random_poly_info.degrees[type];

    separation = random_poly_info.seps[type];

    buf->rand_type = type;

    buf->rand_sep = separation;

    buf->rand_deg = degree;

    state = &((int32_t *) arg_state)[1];        /* First location.  */

    /* Must set END_PTR before srandom.  */

    buf->end_ptr = &state[degree];

    buf->state = state;

    srandom_r (seed, buf);

    state[-1] = TYPE_0;

    if (type != TYPE_0)

        state[-1] = (buf->rptr - state) * MAX_TYPES + type;

    return 0;

fail:

    __set_errno (EINVAL);

    return -1;

}

/* Restore the state from the given state array.

   Note: It is important that we also remember the locations of the pointers

   in the current state information, and restore the locations of the pointers

   from the old state information.  This is done by multiplexing the pointer

   location into the zeroth word of the state information. Note that due

   to the order in which things are done, it is OK to call setstate with the

   same state as the current state

   Returns a pointer to the old state information.  */

int setstate_r (char *arg_state, struct random_data *buf)

{

    int32_t *new_state = 1 + (int32_t *) arg_state;

    int type;

    int old_type;

    int32_t *old_state;

    int degree;

    int separation;

    if (arg_state == NULL || buf == NULL)

        goto fail;

    old_type = buf->rand_type;

    old_state = buf->state;

    if (old_type == TYPE_0)

        old_state[-1] = TYPE_0;

    else

        old_state[-1] = (MAX_TYPES * (buf->rptr - old_state)) + old_type;

    type = new_state[-1] % MAX_TYPES;

    if (type < TYPE_0 || type > TYPE_4)

        goto fail;

    buf->rand_deg = degree = random_poly_info.degrees[type];

    buf->rand_sep = separation = random_poly_info.seps[type];

    buf->rand_type = type;

    if (type != TYPE_0)

    {

        int rear = new_state[-1] / MAX_TYPES;

        buf->rptr = &new_state[rear];

        buf->fptr = &new_state[(rear + separation) % degree];

    }

    buf->state = new_state;

    /* Set end_ptr too.  */

    buf->end_ptr = &new_state[degree];

    return 0;

fail:

    __set_errno (EINVAL);

    return -1;

}

/* If we are using the trivial TYPE_0 R.N.G., just do the old linear

   congruential bit.  Otherwise, we do our fancy trinomial stuff, which is the

   same in all the other cases due to all the global variables that have been

   set up.  The basic operation is to add the number at the rear pointer into

   the one at the front pointer.  Then both pointers are advanced to the next

   location cyclically in the table.  The value returned is the sum generated,

   reduced to 31 bits by throwing away the "least random" low bit.

   Note: The code takes advantage of the fact that both the front and

   rear pointers can't wrap on the same call by not testing the rear

   pointer if the front one has wrapped.  Returns a 31-bit random number.  */

int random_r (buf, result)

     struct random_data *buf;

     int32_t *result;

{

    int32_t *state;

    if (buf == NULL || result == NULL)

        goto fail;

    state = buf->state;

    if (buf->rand_type == TYPE_0)

    {

        int32_t val = state[0];

        val = ((state[0] * 1103515245) + 12345) & 0x7fffffff;

        state[0] = val;

        *result = val;

    }

    else

    {

        int32_t *fptr = buf->fptr;

        int32_t *rptr = buf->rptr;

        int32_t *end_ptr = buf->end_ptr;

        int32_t val;

        val = *fptr += *rptr;

        /* Chucking least random bit.  */

        *result = (val >> 1) & 0x7fffffff;

        ++fptr;

        if (fptr >= end_ptr)

        {

            fptr = state;

            ++rptr;

        }

        else

        {

            ++rptr;

            if (rptr >= end_ptr)

                rptr = state;

        }

        buf->fptr = fptr;

        buf->rptr = rptr;

    }

    return 0;

fail:

    __set_errno (EINVAL);

    return -1;

}