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Configuring version 3.5.4 (for Linux) with some most common soundcards

======================================================================

IMPORTANT!      This document covers only cards that were "known" when

                this driver version was released. Please look at

                http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree for info about

                cards introduced recently.

                The following covers mainly the "old" configuration

                method (make config). Most of it is valid for the "new"

                configuration (make menuconfig/xconfig) too.

                Cards having some kind of loadable "microcode" such as

                PSS, SM Wave, AudioTrix Pro and Maui/Tropez must be

                configured using the old method. The new one will not

                work with them.

                When using make xconfig and/or make menuconfig, you should

                carefully check each sound configuration option (particularly

                "Support for /dev/dsp and /dev/audio").

Cards that are not (fully) supported by this driver

---------------------------------------------------

There are many soundcards which don't work with this driver

version (v3.5). Support for some of them is expected to be

available during/after summer 1996 (in version 3.6). Please check

http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree for latest news. Please don't

mail me and ask about these cards. The unsupported cards are:

        - All PnP soundcards (SB PnP, GUS PnP, Soundscape PnP etc.)

                Schedule for availability of PnP soundcard support in

                OSS/Free depends on progress made by kernel PnP team

                (probably in Linux 2.1.xx versions). With Linux 2.0.x

                versions there are two ways to get PnP soundcards to work:

                - Use isapnptools, DOS, Win95 or PnP aware BIOS to wake up the

                card before starting the sound driver. See "Configuring PnP

                soundcards" below for some hints.

                - Support for SB PnP and GUS PnP is present in OSS/Linux (the

                commercial version of this driver).

        - Mwave soundcards and motherboards

                (Version 3.6 or 3.7. Depends on how fast I get

                suitable documents for Mwave).

        - Emu8k (SB 32/AWE)

                (Probably not _before_ summer 97. I know the unofficial

                AWE programmers guide so don't send me more copies of it).

        - Diamond Edge 3D

                (ASAP. In practice this may take relatively long time).

        - Compaq Deskpro

                (Version 3.5.4-beta6 (already released))

        - Sound Galaxy Washington/Waverider

                (Audio features already in OSS/Linux (OSS/Free soon).

                Can't promise the waverider synth since

                availability of chip specs is uncertain).

        - Yamaha OPL4 (on cards having _RAM_ for samples)

                (Late 96?. Works as OPL3 with current driver versions)

How to use sound without recompiling kernel and/or sound driver

---------------------------------------------------------------

There is commercial sound driver which should be released during Apr 96.

It comes in precompiled form and doesn't require recompiling of kernel. See

http://www.4Front-tech.com/uss.html for more info.

Configuring PnP cards

---------------------

New versions of most soundcards use so called ISA PnP protocol for

soft configuring their I/O, IRQ, DMA and shared memory resources.

Currently at least cards made by Creative Technology (SB32 and SB32AWE

PnP), Gravis (GUS PnP and GUS PnP Pro), Ensoniq (Soundscape PnP) and

Aztech (some Sound Galaxy models) use PnP technology. The CS4232 audio

chip by Crystal Semiconductor (Intel Atlantis, HP Pavilion and many other

motherboards) is also based on PnP technology but there is a "native" driver

available for it (see information about CS4232 later in this document).

PnP soundcards (as well as most other PnP ISA cards) are not supported

by version 3.5 of this driver (Linux 1.3.xx and Linux 2.0.x). Proper

support for them should be released during spring 96

(see http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree for latest info).

There is a method to get most of the PnP cards to work. The basic method

is the following:

1) Boot DOS so that card's DOS drivers have chance to initialize the

card.

2) _Cold_ boot to Linux by using "loadlin.exe". Hitting ctrl-alt-del

works with older machines but causes hard reset of all cards on latest

(Pentium) machines.

3) If you have sound driver in Linux configured properly, the card should work

now. "Proper" means here that I/O, IRQ and DMA settings are the same than in

DOS. The hard part is to find which settings were used. See documentation of

your card for more info.

Windows 95 could work as well as DOS but running loadlin may be somehow

difficult. Probably you should "shut down" your machine to MS-DOS mode

before running it.

Some machines have BIOS utility for setting PnP resources. This is a good

way to configure some cards. In this case you don't need to boot DOS/Win95

prior starting Linux.

Another way to initialize PnP cards without DOS/Win95 is a Linux based

PnP isolation tool. When writing this there is a pre alpha test version

of such tool available from ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/unix/linux/utils. The

file is called isapnptools-*. Please note that this tool is just a temporary

solution which may be incompatible with future kernel versions having proper

support for PnP cards. There are bugs in setting DMA channels in earlier

versions of isapnptools so at least version 1.6 is required with soundcards.

You can find latest version of isapnptools from

ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/unix/linux/utils/

These two methods don't work with GUS PnP which requires some additional

initialization (cards DOS/Win95 driver does it).

Read this before trying to configure the driver

-----------------------------------------------

There are currently many cards that work with this driver. Some of the cards

have native support while others work since they emulate some other

card (usually SB, MSS/WSS and/or MPU401). The following cards have native

support in the driver. Detailed instructions for configuring these cards

will be given later in this document.

Pro Audio Spectrum 16 (PAS16) and compatibles:

        Pro Audio Spectrum 16

        Pro Audio Studio 16

        Logitech Sound Man 16

        NOTE! The original Pro Audio Spectrum as well as the PAS+ are not

              and will not be supported by the driver.

Media Vision Jazz16 based cards

        Pro Sonic 16

        Logitech SoundMan Wave

        (Other Jazz based cards should work but I don't have any reports

        about them).

Sound Blasters

        SB 1.0 to 2.0

        SB Pro

        SB 16

        NOTE!   The ASP chip and the EMU synth of AWE32 are not supported

                since their manufacturer doesn't release information about

                the card. However, both SB16ASP and AWE32 work with

                the driver just like a SB16. Also see the comment about some

                unsupported cards at the end of this file.

                (The OPL3 FM chip of SB32/AWE works but you cannot hear it).

        SB16 compatible cards by other manufacturers than Creative.

                You have been fooled since there are no SB16 compatible

                cards on the market (Feb 96). It's likely that your card

                is compatible just with SB Pro but there is also a non-SB-

                compatible 16 bit mode. Usually it's MSS/WSS but it could also

                be a proprietary one like MV Jazz16 or ESS ES688.

Gravis Ultrasound (GUS)

        GUS

        GUS + the 16 bit option

        GUS MAX

        GUS ACE (No MIDI port and audio recording)

        GUS PnP (Partially supported)

MPU-401 and compatibles

        The driver works both with the full (intelligent mode) MPU-401

        cards (such as MPU IPC-T and MQX-32M) and with the UART only

        dumb MIDI ports. MPU-401 is currently the most common MIDI

        interface. Most soundcards are compatible with it. However,

        don't enable MPU401 mode blindly. Many cards with native support

        in the driver have their own MPU401 driver. Enabling the standard one

        will cause a conflict with these cards. So check if your card is

        in the list of supported cards before enabling MPU401.

Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)

        Even when Microsoft has discontinued their own Sound System card

        they managed to make it a standard. MSS compatible cards are based on

        a codec chip which is easily available from at least two manufacturers

        (AD1848 by Analog Devices and CS4231/CS4248 by Crystal Semiconductor).

        Currently most soundcards are based on one of the MSS compatible codec

        chips. The CS4231 is used in the high quality cards such as GUS MAX,

        MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro and TB Tropez (GUS MAX is not MSS compatible).

        Having a AD1848, CS4248 or CS4231 codec chip on the card is a good

        sign. Even if the card is not MSS compatible, it could be easy to write

        support for it. Note also that most MSS compatible cards

        require special boot time initialization which may not be present

        in the driver. Also, some MSS compatible cards have native support.

        Enabling the MSS support with these cards is likely to

        cause a conflict. So check if your card is listed in this file before

        enabling the MSS support.

6850 UART MIDI

        This UART chip is used in the MIDI interface of some (rare)

        soundcards. It's supported by the driver in case you need it.

Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 and OPL4)

        Most soundcards have a FM synthesizer chip. The OPL2 is a 2

        operator chip used in the original AdLib card. Currently it's used

        only in the cheapest (8 bit mono) cards. The OPL3 is a 4 operator

        FM chip which provides better sound quality and/or more available

        voices than the OPL2. The OPL4 is a new chip that has an OPL3 and

        a wave table synthesizer packed onto the same chip. The driver supports

        just the OPL3 mode directly. Most cards with an OPL4 (like

        SM Wave and AudioTrix Pro) support the OPL4 mode using MPU401

        emulation. Writing a native OPL4 support is difficult

        since Yamaha doesn't give information about their sample ROM chip.

        Enable the generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support if your

        card has a FM chip made by Yamaha. Don't enable it if your card

        has a software (TRS) based FM emulator.

PSS based cards (AD1848 + ADSP-2115 + Echo ESC614 ASIC)

        Analog Devices and Echo Speech have together defined a soundcard

        architecture based on the above chips. The DSP chip is used

        for emulation of SB Pro, FM and General MIDI/MT32.

        There are several cards based on this architecture. The most known

        ones are Orchid SW32 and Cardinal DSP16.

        The driver supports downloading DSP algorithms to these cards.

MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro

        The ATP card is built around a CS4231 codec and an OPL4 synthesizer

        chips. The OPL4 mode is supported by a microcontroller running a

        General MIDI emulator. There is also a SB 1.5 compatible playback mode.

Ensoniq SoundScape and compatibles

        Ensoniq has designed a soundcard architecture based on the

        OTTO synthesizer chip used in their professional MIDI synthesizers.

        Several companies (including Ensoniq, Reveal and Spea) are selling

        cards based on this architecture.

        NOTE! The new PnP SoundScape is not supported yet.

MAD16 and Mozart based cards

        The Mozart (OAK OTI-601), MAD16 (OPTi 82C928), MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929)

        and OPTi 82C930 interface

        chips are used in many different soundcards, including some

        cards by Reveal miro and Turtle Beach (Tropez). The purpose of these

        chips is to connect other audio components to the PC bus. The

        interface chip performs address decoding for the other chips.

        NOTE! Tropez Plus is not MAD16 but CS4232 based.

Audio Excel DSP16

        Support for this card was written by Riccardo Faccetti

        (riccardo@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it). See aedsp16.c for more info.

        (This driver is not functional in version 3.5 of this driver. A

        patch should be made available during April 96 (sunsite.unc.edu)).

Crystal CS4232 based cards such as AcerMagic S23, TB Tropez _Plus_ and

        many PC motherboards (Compaq, HP, Intel, ...)

        CS4232 is a PnP multimedia chip which contains a CS3231A codec,

        SB and MPU401 emulations. There is support for OPL3 too.

        This is a temporary driver which uses the chip in non PnP mode

        (The final driver should be included in version 3.6 of the driver).

        Unfortunately the MPU401 mode doesn't work (I don't know how to

        initialize it).

Turtle Beach Maui and Tropez

        This driver version supports sample, patch and program loading commands

        described in the Maui/Tropez User's manual.

        There is now full initialization support too. The audio side of

        the Tropez is based on the MAD16 chip (see above).

Jumpers and software configuration

----------------------------------

Some of the earliest soundcards were jumper configurable. You have to

configure the driver use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings

that match the jumpers. Just few 8 bit cards are fully jumper

configurable (SB 1.x/2.x, SB Pro and clones).

Some cards made by Aztech have an EEPROM which contains the

config info. These cards behave much like hardware jumpered cards.

Most cards have jumper for the base I/O address but other parameters

are software configurable. Sometimes there are few other jumpers too.

Latest cards are fully software configurable or they are PnP ISA

compatible. There are no jumpers on the board.

The driver handles software configurable cards automatically. Just configure

the driver to use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings which are known to work.

You could usually use the same values than with DOS and/or Windows.

Using different settings is possible but not recommended since it may cause

some trouble (for example when warm booting from an OS to another or

when installing new hardware to the machine).

Sound driver sets the soft configurable parameters of the card automatically

during boot. Usually you don't need to run any extra initialization

programs when booting Linux but there are some exceptions. See the

card specific instructions (below) for more info.

The drawback of software configuration is that the driver needs to know

how the card must be initialized. It cannot initialize unknown cards

even if they are otherwise compatible with some other cards (like SB,

MPU401 or Windows Sound System).

What if your card was not listed above?

---------------------------------------

The first thing to do is to look at the major IC chips on the card.

Many of the latest soundcards are based on some standard chips. If you

are lucky, all of them could be supported by the driver. The most common ones

are the OPTi MAD16, Mozart, SoundScape (Ensoniq) and the PSS architectures

listed above. Also look at the end of this file for list of unsupported

cards and the ones which could be supported later.

The last resort is to send _exact_ name and model information of the card

to me together with a list of the major IC chips (manufactured, model) to

me. I could then try to check if your card looks like something familiar.

There are much more cards in the word than listed above. The first thing to

do with these cards is to check if they emulate some other card/interface

such as SB, MSS and/or MPU401. In this case there is a chance to get the

card to work by booting DOS before starting Linux (boot DOS, hit ctrl-alt-del

and boot Linux without hard resetting the machine). In this method the

DOS based driver initializes the hardware to use a known I/O, IRQ and DMA

settings. If sound driver is configured to use the same settings, everything should

work OK.

Configuring sound driver (with Linux)

=====================================

Sound driver is currently a part of Linux kernel distribution. The

driver files are located in directory /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound.

****************************************************************************

*       ALWAYS USE THE SOUND DRIVER VERSION WHICH IS DISTRIBUTED WITH      *

*       THE KERNEL SOURCE PACKAGE YOU ARE USING. SOME ALPHA AND BETA TEST  *

*       VERSIONS CAN BE INSTALLED FROM A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED PACKAGE    *

*       BUT CHECK THAT THE PACKAGE IS NOT MUCH OLDER (OR NEWER) THAN THE   *

*       KERNEL YOU ARE USING. IT'S POSSIBLE THAT THE KERNEL/DRIVER         *

*       INTERFACE CHANGES BETWEEN KERNEL RELEASES WHICH MAY CAUSE SOME     *

*       INCOMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS.                                          *

*                                                                          *

*       IN CASE YOU INSTALL A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED SOUND DRIVER VERSION, *

*       BE SURE TO REMOVE OR RENAME THE OLD SOUND DRIVER DIRECTORY BEFORE  *

*       INSTALLING THE NEW ONE. LEAVING OLD FILES TO THE SOUND DRIVER      *

*       DIRECTORY _WILL_ CAUSE PROBLEMS WHEN THE DRIVER IS USED OR         *

*       COMPILED.                                                          *

****************************************************************************

To configure the driver, run "make config" in the kernel source directory

(/usr/src/linux). Answer y to the question about Sound card support (after

questions about mouse, CD-ROM, ftape, etc. supports). Sound config options

will then be asked after some additional questions.

After configuring the kernel and sound driver, run "make dep" and compile

the kernel following instructions in the kernel README.

The sound driver configuration dialog

-------------------------------------

All config information of the sound driver is written to file

linux/drivers/sound/local.h. You may save the old version is this file and

use it again in case you want to use the same config later. In this case

just answer n to each question made by the sound config program and put

the original local.h back before running "make dep".

Don't do this if the version number of the sound driver has changed. In this

case you have to enter the configuration information again.

If you already have the sound driver installed, consult printout of

"cat /dev/sndstat" when configuring the driver again. It gives the I/O,

IRQ and DMA settings you have used earlier.

The sound config program (linux/drivers/sound/configure) starts by making

some yes/no questions. Be careful when answering to these questions since

answering y to a question may prevent some later ones from being asked. For

example don't answer y to the first question (PAS16) if you don't really

have a PAS16. Don't enable more cards than you really need since they

just consume memory. Also some drivers (like MPU401) may conflict with your

SCSI controller and prevent kernel from booting. If you card was in the list

of supported cards (above), please look at the card specific config

instructions (later in this file) before starting to configure. Some cards

must be configured in way which is not obvious.

So here is the beginning of the config dialog. Answer 'y' or 'n' to these

questions. The default answer is shown so that (y/n) means 'y' by default and

(n/y) means 'n'. To use the default value, just hit ENTER. But be careful

since using the default _doesn't_ guarantee anything.

Note also that all questions may not be asked. The configuration program

may disable some questions depending on the earlier choices. It may also

select some options automatically as well.

  "ProAudioSpectrum 16 support",

        - Answer 'y'_ONLY_ if you have a Pro Audio Spectrum _16_,

          Pro Audio Studio 16 or Logitech SoundMan 16 (be sure that

          you read the above list correctly). Don't answer 'y' if you

          have some other card made by Media Vision or Logitech since they

          are not PAS16 compatible.

          NOTE! Since 3.5-beta10 you need to enable SB support (next question)

          if you want to use the SB emulation of PAS16. It's also possible to

          the emulation if you want to use a true SB card together with PAS16

          (there is another question about this that is asked later).

  "Sound Blaster support",

        - Answer 'y' if you have an original SB card made by Creative Labs

          or a full 100% hardware compatible clone (like Thunderboard or

          SM Games). If your card was in the list of supported cards (above),

          please look at the card specific instructions later in this file

          before answering this question. For an unknown card you may answer

          'y' if the card claims to be SB compatible.

         Enable this option also with PAS16 (changed since v3.5-beta9).

         Don't enable SB if you have a MAD16 or Mozart compatible card.

  "Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support",

        - Answer 'y' if your card has a FM chip made by Yamaha (OPL2/OPL3/OPL4).

          Answering 'y' is usually a safe and recommended choice. However some

          cards may have software (TSR) FM emulation. Enabling FM support

          with these cards may cause trouble. However I don't currently know

          such cards.

  "Gravis Ultrasound support",

        - Answer 'y' if you have GUS or GUS MAX. Answer 'n' if you don't

          have GUS since the GUS driver consumes much memory.

          Currently I don't have experiences with the GUS ACE so I don't

          know what to answer with it.

  "MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16)",

        - Be careful with this question. The MPU401 interface is supported

          by almost any soundcard today. However some natively supported cards

          have their own driver for MPU401. Enabling the MPU401 option with

          these cards will cause a conflict. Also enabling MPU401 on a system

          that doesn't really have a MPU401 could cause some trouble. If your

          card was in the list of supported cards (above), please look at

          the card specific instructions later in this file.

          It's safe to answer 'y' if you have a true MPU401 MIDI interface

          card.

  "6850 UART Midi support",

        - It's safe to answer 'n' to this question in all cases. The 6850

          UART interface is so rarely used.

  "PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support",

        - Answer 'y' only if you have Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16 or some

          other card based on the PSS chipset (AD1848 codec + ADSP-2115

          DSP chip + Echo ESC614 ASIC CHIP).

  "16 bit sampling option of GUS (_NOT_ GUS MAX)",

        - Answer 'y' if you have installed the 16 bit sampling daughtercard

          to your GUS. Answer 'n' if you have GUS MAX. Enabling this option

          disables GUS MAX support.

  "GUS MAX support",

        - Answer 'y' only if you have a GUS MAX.

  "Microsoft Sound System support",

        - Again think carefully before answering 'y' to this question. It's

          safe to answer 'y' in case you have the original Windows Sound

          System card made by Microsoft or Aztech SG 16 Pro (or NX16 Pro).

          Also you may answer 'y' in case your card was not listed earlier

          in this file. For cards having native support in the driver, consult

          the card specific instructions later in this file. Some drivers

          have their own MSS support and enabling this option will cause a

          conflict.

  "Ensoniq Soundscape support",

        - Answer 'y' if you have a soundcard based on the Ensoniq SoundScape

          chipset. Such cards are being manufactured at least by Ensoniq,

          Spea and Reveal (note that Reveal makes other cards also).

  "MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro support",

        - Answer 'y' if you have the AudioTrix Pro.

  "Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards",

        - Answer y if your card has a Mozart (OAK OTI-601) or MAD16

          (OPTi 82C928, 82C929 or 82C930) audio interface chip. These chips are

          currently quite common so it's possible that many no-name cards

          have one of them. In addition the MAD16 chip is used in some

          cards made by known manufacturers such as Turtle Beach (Tropez),

          Reveal (some models) and Diamond (some recent models).

  "Support for TB Maui"

        - This enables TB Maui specific initialization. Works with TB Maui

        and TB Tropez (may not work with Tropez Plus).

  "Audio Excel DSP 16 initialization support",

        - Don't know much about this card. Look at aedsp16.c for more info.

Then the configuration program asks some y/n questions about the higher

level services. It's recommended to answer 'y' to each of these questions.

Answer 'n' only if you know you will not need the option.

  "/dev/dsp and /dev/audio supports (usually required)",

        - Answering 'n' disables /dev/dsp and /dev/audio. Answer 'y'.

  "MIDI interface support",

        - Answering 'n' disables /dev/midi## devices and access to any

          MIDI ports using /dev/sequencer and /dev/music. This option

          also affects any MPU401 and/or General MIDI compatible devices.

  "FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support",

        - Answer 'y' here.

  "/dev/sequencer support",

        - Answering 'n' disables /dev/sequencer and /dev/music.

Entering the I/O, IRQ and DMA config parameters

-----------------------------------------------

After the above questions the configuration program prompts for the

card specific configuration information. Usually just a set of

I/O address, IRQ and DMA numbers are asked. With some cards the program

asks for some files to be used during initialization of the card. For example

many cards have a DSP chip or microprocessor which must be initialized by

downloading a program (microcode) file to the card. In some cases this file

is written to a .h file by the config program and then included to the driver

during compile.

Instructions for answering these questions are given in the next section.

Card specific information

=========================

This section gives additional instructions about configuring some cards.

Please refer manual of your card for valid I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers. Using

the same settings with DOS/Windows and Linux is recommended. Using

different values could cause some problems when switching between

different operating systems.

Sound Blasters (the original ones by Creative)

---------------------------------------------

It's possible to configure these cards to use different I/O, IRQ and

DMA settings. Since the available settings have changed between various

models, you have to consult manual of your card for the proper ones. It's

a good idea to use the same values than with DOS/Windows. With SB and SB Pro

it's the only choice. SB16 has software selectable IRQ and DMA channels but

using different values with DOS and Linux is likely to cause troubles. The

DOS driver is not able to reset the card properly after warm boot from Linux

if Linux has used different IRQ or DMA values.

The original (steam) Sound Blaster (versions 1.x and 2.x) use always

DMA1. There is no way to change it.

The SB16 needs two DMA channels. A 8 bit one (1 or 3) is required for

8 bit operation and a 16 bit one (5, 6 or 7) for the 16 bit mode. In theory

it's possible to use just one (8 bit) DMA channel by answering the 8 bit

one when the configuration program asks for the 16 bit one. This may work

in some systems but is likely to cause terrible noise on some other systems.

NOTE!   Don't enable the SM Games option (asked by the configuration program)

        if you are not 101% sure that your card is a Logitech Soundman Games

        (not a SM Wave or SM16).

SB Clones

---------

First of all: There are no SB16 clones. There are SB Pro clones with a

16 bit mode which is not SB16 compatible. The most likely alternative is that

the 16 bit mode means MSS/WSS.

There are just few fully 100% hardware SB or SB Pro compatible cards.

I know just Thunderboard and SM Games. Other cards require some kind of

hardware initialization before they become SB compatible. Check if your card

was listed in the beginning of this file. In this case you should follow

instructions for your card later in this file.

For other not fully SB clones you may try initialization using DOS in

the following way:

        - Boot DOS so that the card specific driver gets run.

        - Hit ctrl-alt-del (or use loadlin) to boot Linux. Don't

          switch off power or press the reset button.

        - If you use the same I/O, IRQ and DMA settings in Linux, the

          card should work.

If your card is both SB and MSS compatible, I recommend using the MSS mode.

Most cards of this kind are not able to work in the SB and the MSS mode

simultaneously. Using the MSS mode provides 16 bit recording and playback.

ProAudioSpectrum 16 and compatibles

-----------------------------------

PAS16 has a SB emulation chip which can be used together with the native

(16 bit) mode of the card. To enable this emulation you should configure

the driver to have SB support too (this has been changed since version

3.5-beta9 of this driver).

With current driver versions it's also possible to use PAS16 together with

another SB compatible card. In this case you should configure SB support

for the other card and to disable the SB emulation of PAS16 (there is a

separate questions about this).

With PAS16 you can use two audio device files at the same time. /dev/dsp (and

/dev/audio) is connected to the 8/16 bit native codec and the /dev/dsp1 (and

/dev/audio1) is connected to the SB emulation (8 bit mono only).

Gravis Ultrasound

-----------------

There are many different revisions of the Ultrasound card (GUS). The

earliest ones (pre 3.7) don't have a hardware mixer. With these cards

the driver uses a software emulation for synth and pcm playbacks. It's

also possible to switch some of the inputs (line in, mic) off by setting

mixer volume of the channel level below 10%. For recording you have

to select the channel as a recording source and to use volume above 10%.

GUS 3.7 has a hardware mixer.

GUS MAX and the 16 bit sampling daughtercard have a CS4231 codec chip which

also contains a mixer.

Configuring GUS is simple. Just enable the GUS support and GUS MAX or

the 16 bit daughtercard if you have them. Note that enabling the daughter

card disables GUS MAX driver.

NOTE for owners of the 16 bit daughtercard: By default the daughtercard

uses /dev/dsp (and /dev/audio). Command "ln -sf /dev/dsp1 /dev/dsp"

selects the daughter card as the default device.

With just the standard GUS enabled the configuration program prompts

for the I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers for the card. Use the same values than

with DOS.

With the daughter card option enabled you will be prompted for the I/O,

IRQ and DMA numbers for the daughter card. You have to use different I/O

and DMA values than for the standard GUS. The daughter card permits

simultaneous recording and playback. Use /dev/dsp (the daughtercard) for

recording and /dev/dsp1 (GUS GF1) for playback.

GUS MAX uses the same I/O address and IRQ settings than the original GUS

(GUS MAX = GUS + a CS4231 codec). In addition an extra DMA channel may be used.

Using two DMA channels permits simultaneous playback using two devices

(dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The second DMA channel is required for

full duplex audio.

To enable the second DMA channels, give a valid DMA channel when the config

program asks for the GUS MAX DMA (entering -1 disables the second DMA).

Using 16 bit DMA channels (5,6 or 7) is recommended.

If you have problems in recording with GUS MAX, you could try to use

just one 8 bit DMA channel. Recording will not work with one DMA

channel if it's a 16 bit one.

Microphone input of GUS MAX is connected to mixer in little bit nonstandard

way. There is actually two microphone volume controls. Normal "mic" controls

only recording level. Mixer control "speaker" is used to control volume of

microphone signal connected directly to line/speaker out. So just decrease

volume of "speaker" if you have problems with microphone feedback.

GUS ACE works too but any attempt to record or to use the MIDI port

will fail.

GUS PnP (with RAM) is partially supported but it needs to be initialized using

DOS or isapnptools before starting the driver.

MPU401 and Windows Sound System

-------------------------------

Again. Don't enable these options in case your card is listed

somewhere else in this file.

Configuring these cards is obvious (or it should be). With MSS

you should probably enable the OPL3 synth also since

most MSS compatible cards have it. However check that this is true

before enabling OPL3.

Sound driver supports more than one MPU401 compatible cards at the same time

but the config program asks config info for just the first of them.

Adding the second or third MPU interfaces must be done manually by

editing sound/local.h (after running the config program). Add defines for

MPU2_BASE & MPU2_IRQ (and MPU3_BASE & MPU3_IRQ) to the file.

CAUTION!

The default I/O base of Adaptec AHA-1542 SCSI controller is 0x330 which

is also the default of the MPU401 driver. Don't configure the sound driver to

use 0x330 as the MPU401 base if you have a AHA1542. The kernel will not boot

if you make this mistake.

PSS

---

Even the PSS cards are compatible with SB, MSS and MPU401, you must not

enable these options when configuring the driver. The configuration

program handles these options itself. (You may use the SB, MPU and MSS options

together with PSS if you have another card on the system).

The PSS driver enables MSS and MPU401 modes of the card. SB is not enabled

since it doesn't work concurrently with MSS. The driver loads also a

DSP algorithm which is used to for the general MIDI emulation. The

algorithm file (.ld) is read by the config program and written to a

file included when the pss.c is compiled. For this reason the config

program asks if you want to download the file. Use the genmidi.ld file

distributed with the DOS/Windows drivers of the card (don't use the mt32.ld).

With some cards the file is called 'synth.ld'. You must have access to

the file when configuring the driver. The easiest way is to mount the DOS

partition containing the file with Linux.

It's possible to load your own DSP algorithms and run them with the card.

Look at the directory pss_test of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz for more info.

AudioTrix Pro

-------------

You have to enable the OPL3 and SB (not SB Pro or SB16) drivers in addition

to the native AudioTrix driver. Don't enable MSS or MPU drivers.

Configuring ATP is little bit tricky since it uses so many I/O, IRQ and

DMA numbers. Using the same values than with DOS/Win is a good idea. Don't

attempt to use the same IRQ or DMA channels twice.

The SB mode of ATP is implemented so the ATP driver just enables SB

in the proper address. The SB driver handles the rest. You have to configure

both the SB driver and the SB mode of ATP to use the same IRQ, DMA and I/O

settings.

Also the ATP has a microcontroller for the General MIDI emulation (OPL4).

For this reason the driver asks for the name of a file containing the

microcode (TRXPRO.HEX). This file is usually located in the directory

where the DOS drivers were installed. You must have access to this file

when configuring the driver.

If you have the effects daughtercard, it must be initialized by running

the setfx program of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. This step is not required

when using the (future) binary distribution version of the driver.

Ensoniq SoundScape

------------------

NOTE!   The new PnP SoundScape is not supported yet.

The SoundScape driver handles initialization of MSS and MPU supports

itself so you don't need to enable other drivers than SoundScape

(enable also the /dev/dsp, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports).

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!                                                                   !!!!

!!!!! NOTE! Before version 3.5-beta6 there WERE two sets of audio       !!!!

!!!!!       device files (/dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The first one WAS   !!!!

!!!!!       used only for card initialization and the second for audio  !!!!

!!!!!       purposes. It WAS required to change /dev/dsp (a symlink) to !!!!

!!!!!       point to /dev/dsp1.                                         !!!!

!!!!!                                                                   !!!!

!!!!!       This is not required with OSS versions 3.5-beta6 and later  !!!!

!!!!!       since there is now just one audio device file. Please       !!!!

!!!!!       change /dev/dsp to point back to /dev/dsp0 if you are       !!!!

!!!!!       upgrading from an earlier driver version using              !!!!

!!!!!       (cd /dev;rm dsp;ln -s dsp0 dsp).                            !!!!

!!!!!                                                                   !!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The configuration program asks one DMA channel and two interrupts. One IRQ

and one DMA is used by the MSS codec. The second IRQ is required for the

MPU401 mode (you have to use different IRQs for both purposes).

There were earlier two DMA channels for SoundScape but the current driver

version requires just one.

The SoundScape card has a Motorola microcontroller which must initialized

_after_ boot (the driver doesn't initialize it during boot).

The initialization is done by running the 'ssinit' program which is

distributed in the snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. You have to edit two

defines in the ssinit.c and then compile the program. You may run ssinit

manually (after each boot) or add it to /etc/rc.d/rc.local.

The ssinit program needs the microcode file that comes with the DOS/Windows

driver of the card. You will need to use version 1.30.00 or later

of the microcode file (sndscape.co0 or sndscape.co1 depending on

your card model). THE OLD sndscape.cod WILL NOT WORK. IT WILL HANG YOUR

MACHINE. The only way to get the new microcode file is to download

and install the DOS/Windows driver from ftp://ftp.ensoniq.com/pub.

Then you have to select the proper microcode file to use: soundscape.co0

is the right one for most cards and sndscape.co1 is for few (older) cards

made by Reveal and/or Spea. The driver has capability to detect the card

version during boot. Look at the boot log messages in /var/adm/messages

and locate the sound driver initialization message for the SoundScape

card. If the driver displays string , you have

an old card and you will need to use sndscape.co1. For other cards use

soundscape.co0. New Soundscape revisions such as Elite and PnP use

code files with higher numbers (.co2, .co3, etc.).

Check /var/adm/messages after running ssinit. The driver prints

the board version after downloading the microcode file. That version

number must match the number in the name of the microcode file (extension).

Running ssinit with a wrong version of the sndscape.co? file is not

dangerous as long as you don't try to use a file called sndscape.cod.

If you have initialized the card using a wrong microcode file (sounds

are terrible), just modify ssinit.c to use another microcode file and try

again. It's possible to use an earlier version of sndscape.co[01] but it

may sound weird.

MAD16 (Pro) and Mozart

----------------------

You need to enable just the MAD16 /Mozart support when configuring

the driver. _Don't_ enable SB, MPU401 or MSS. However you will need the

/dev/audio, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports.

Mozart and OPTi 82C928 (the original MAD16) chips don't support

MPU401 mode so enter just 0 when the configuration program asks the

MPU/MIDI I/O base. The MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929) and 82C930 chips have MPU401

mode.

TB Tropez is based on the 82C929 chip. It has two MIDI ports.

The one connected to the MAD16 chip is the second one (there is a second

MIDI connector/pins somewhere??). If you have not connected the second MIDI

port, just disable the MIDI port of MAD16. The 'Maui' compatible synth of

Tropez is jumper configurable and not connected to the MAD16 chip.

It can be used by enabling the stand alone MPU401 support but you have

to initialize it by using the MS-DOS SNDSETUP program.

Some MAD16 based cards may cause feedback, whistle or terrible noise if the

line3 mixer channel is turned too high. This happens at least with Shuttle

Sound System. Current driver versions set volume of line3 low enough so

this should not be a problem.

If you have a MAD16 card which have an OPL4 (FM + Wave table) synthesizer

chip (_not_ an OPL3), you have to append a line containing #define MAD16_OPL4

to the file linux/drivers/sound/local.h (after running make config).

MAD16 cards having a CS4231 codec support full duplex mode. This mode

can be enabled by configuring the card to use two DMA channels. Possible

DMA channel pairs are: 0&1, 1&0 and 3&0.

MV Jazz (ProSonic)

------------------

The Jazz16 driver is just a hack made to the SB Pro driver. However it works

fairly well. You have to enable SB, SB Pro (_not_ SB16) and MPU401 supports

when configuring the driver. The configuration program asks later if you

want support for MV Jazz16 based cards (after asking SB base address). Answer

'y' here and the driver asks the second (16 bit) DMA channel.

The Jazz16 driver uses the MPU401 driver in a way which will cause

problems if you have another MPU401 compatible card. In this case you must

give address of the Jazz16 based MPU401 interface when the config

program prompts for the MPU401 information. Then look at the MPU401

specific section for instructions about configuring more than one MPU401 cards.

Logitech Soundman Wave

----------------------

Read the above MV Jazz specific instructions first.

The Logitech SoundMan Wave (don't confuse with the SM16 or SM Games) is

a MV Jazz based card which has an additional OPL4 based wave table

synthesizer. The OPL4 chip is handled by an on board microcontroller

which must be initialized during boot. The config program asks if

you have a SM Wave immediately after asking the second DMA channel of jazz16.

If you answer 'y', the config program will ask name of the file containing

code to be loaded to the microcontroller. The file is usually called

MIDI0001.BIN and it's located in the DOS/Windows driver directory. The file

may also be called as TSUNAMI.BIN or something else (older cards?).

The OPL4 synth will be inaccessible without loading the microcontroller code.

Also remember to enable SB MPU401 support if you want to use the OPL4 mode.

(Don't enable the 'normal' MPU401 device as with some earlier driver

versions (pre 3.5-alpha8)).

NOTE!   Don't answer 'y' when the driver asks about SM Games support

        (the next question after the MIDI0001.BIN name). However

        answering 'y' doesn't cause damage your computer so don't panic.

Sound Galaxies

--------------

There are many different Sound Galaxy cards made by Aztech. The 8 bit

ones are fully SB or SB Pro compatible and there should be no problems

with them.

The older 16 bit cards (SG Pro16, SG NX Pro16, Nova and Lyra) have

an EEPROM chip for storing the configuration data. There is a microcontroller

which initializes the card to match the EEPROM settings when the machine

is powered on. These cards actually behave just like they have jumpers

for all of the settings. Configure driver for MSS, MPU, SB/SB Pro  and OPL3

supports with these cards.

The config program asks if you want support for the mixer of

SG NX Pro. Answer 'y' to these questions if you have one of the above 8 or

16 bit Aztech cards.

There are some new Sound Galaxies in the market. I have no experience with

them so read the card's manual carefully.

ESS ES1688 and ES688 'AudioDrive' based cards

---------------------------------------------

Support for these two ESS chips is embedded in the SB driver.

Configure these cards just like SB. Enable the 'SB MPU401 MIDI port'

if you want to use MIDI features of ES1688. ES688 doesn't have MPU mode

so you don't need to enable it (the driver uses normal SB MIDI automatically

with ES688).

NOTE! ESS cards are not compatible with MSS/WSS.

Reveal cards

------------

There are several different cards made/marketed by Reveal. Some of them

are compatible with SoundScape and some use the MAD16 chip. You may have

to look at the card and try to identify origin of the card.

Diamond

-------

The oldest (Sierra Aria based) soundcards made by Diamond are not supported

(they may work if the card is initialized using DOS). The recent (LX?)

models are based on the MAD16 chip which is supported by the driver.

Audio Excel DSP16

-----------------

Support for this card is currently not functional. A new driver for it

should be available later this year.

PCMCIA cards

------------

Sorry, can't help. Some cards may work and some don't.

TI TM4000M notebooks

--------------------

These computers have a built in sound support based on the Jazz chipset.

Look at the instructions for MV Jazz (above). It's also important to note

that there is something wrong with the mouse port and sound at least on

some TM models. Don't enable the "C&T 82C710 mouse port support" when

configuring Linux. Having it enabled is likely to cause mysterious problems

and kernel failures when sound is used.

miroSOUND

---------

The miroSOUND PCM12 has been used successfully. This card is based on

the MAD16, OPL4, and CS4231A chips and everything said in the section

about MAD16 cards applies here, too. The only major difference between

the PCM12 and other MAD16 cards is that instead of the mixer in the

CS4231 codec a separate mixer controlled by an on-board 80C32

microcontroller is used. Control of the mixer takes place via the ACI

(miro's audio control interface) protocol that is implemented in a

separate lowlevel driver. Make sure you compile this ACI driver

together with the normal MAD16 support when you use a miroSOUND PCM12

card. The ACI mixer is controlled by /dev/mixer and the CS4231 mixer

by /dev/mixer2. You usually don't want to change anything on the

CS4231 mixer.

The miroSOUND PCM12 is capable of full duplex operation (simultaneous

PCM replay and recording), which allows you to implement nice

real-time signal processing audio effect software and network

telephones. The ACI mixer has to be configured into a special "solo"

mode for duplex operation in order to avoid feedback caused by the

mixer (input hears output signal). See lowlevel/aci.c for details on

the ioctl() for activating the "solo" mode.

The following configuration parameters have worked fine for the PCM12

in Markus Kuhn's system, many other configurations might work, too:

MAD16_BASE=0x530, MAD16_IRQ=11, MAD16_DMA=3, MAD16_DMA2=0,

MAD16_MPU_BASE=0x330, MAD16_MPU_IRQ=10, DSP_BUFFSIZE=65536,

SELECTED_SOUND_OPTIONS=0x00281000.