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EISA bus support (Marc Zyngier )

This document groups random notes about porting EISA drivers to the

new EISA/sysfs API.

Starting from version 2.5.59, the EISA bus is almost given the same

status as other much more mainstream busses such as PCI or USB. This

has been possible through sysfs, which defines a nice enough set of

abstractions to manage busses, devices and drivers.

Although the new API is quite simple to use, converting existing

drivers to the new infrastructure is not an easy task (mostly because

detection code is generally also used to probe ISA cards). Moreover,

most EISA drivers are among the oldest Linux drivers so, as you can

imagine, some dust has settled here over the years.

The EISA infrastructure is made up of three parts :

    - The bus code implements most of the generic code. It is shared

    among all the architectures that the EISA code runs on. It

    implements bus probing (detecting EISA cards available on the bus),

    allocates I/O resources, allows fancy naming through sysfs, and

    offers interfaces for driver to register.

    - The bus root driver implements the glue between the bus hardware

    and the generic bus code. It is responsible for discovering the

    device implementing the bus, and setting it up to be latter probed

    by the bus code. This can go from something as simple as reserving

    an I/O region on x86, to the rather more complex, like the hppa

    EISA code. This is the part to implement in order to have EISA

    running on an "new" platform.

    - The driver offers the bus a list of devices that it manages, and

    implements the necessary callbacks to probe and release devices

    whenever told to.

Every function/structure below lives in , which depends

heavily on .

** Bus root driver :

int eisa_root_register (struct eisa_root_device *root);

The eisa_root_register function is used to declare a device as the

root of an EISA bus. The eisa_root_device structure holds a reference

to this device, as well as some parameters for probing purposes.

struct eisa_root_device {

        struct device   *dev;    /* Pointer to bridge device */

        struct resource *res;

        unsigned long    bus_base_addr;

        int              slots;  /* Max slot number */

        int              force_probe; /* Probe even when no slot 0 */

        u64              dma_mask; /* from bridge device */

        int              bus_nr; /* Set by eisa_root_register */

        struct resource  eisa_root_res; /* ditto */

};

node          : used for eisa_root_register internal purpose

dev           : pointer to the root device

res           : root device I/O resource

bus_base_addr : slot 0 address on this bus

slots         : max slot number to probe

force_probe   : Probe even when slot 0 is empty (no EISA mainboard)

dma_mask      : Default DMA mask. Usually the bridge device dma_mask.

bus_nr        : unique bus id, set by eisa_root_register

** Driver :

int eisa_driver_register (struct eisa_driver *edrv);

void eisa_driver_unregister (struct eisa_driver *edrv);

Clear enough ?

struct eisa_device_id {

        char sig[EISA_SIG_LEN];

        unsigned long driver_data;

};

struct eisa_driver {

        const struct eisa_device_id *id_table;

        struct device_driver         driver;

};

id_table        : an array of NULL terminated EISA id strings,

                  followed by an empty string. Each string can

                  optionally be paired with a driver-dependant value

                  (driver_data).

driver          : a generic driver, such as described in

                  Documentation/driver-model/driver.txt. Only .name,

                  .probe and .remove members are mandatory.

An example is the 3c59x driver :

static struct eisa_device_id vortex_eisa_ids[] = {

        { "TCM5920", EISA_3C592_OFFSET },

        { "TCM5970", EISA_3C597_OFFSET },

        { "" }

};

static struct eisa_driver vortex_eisa_driver = {

        .id_table = vortex_eisa_ids,

        .driver   = {

                .name    = "3c59x",

                .probe   = vortex_eisa_probe,

                .remove  = vortex_eisa_remove

        }

};

** Device :

The sysfs framework calls .probe and .remove functions upon device

discovery and removal (note that the .remove function is only called

when driver is built as a module).

Both functions are passed a pointer to a 'struct device', which is

encapsulated in a 'struct eisa_device' described as follows :

struct eisa_device {

        struct eisa_device_id id;

        int                   slot;

        int                   state;

        unsigned long         base_addr;

        struct resource       res[EISA_MAX_RESOURCES];

        u64                   dma_mask;

        struct device         dev; /* generic device */

};

id      : EISA id, as read from device. id.driver_data is set from the

          matching driver EISA id.

slot    : slot number which the device was detected on

state   : set of flags indicating the state of the device. Current

          flags are EISA_CONFIG_ENABLED and EISA_CONFIG_FORCED.

res     : set of four 256 bytes I/O regions allocated to this device

dma_mask: DMA mask set from the parent device.

dev     : generic device (see Documentation/driver-model/device.txt)

You can get the 'struct eisa_device' from 'struct device' using the

'to_eisa_device' macro.

** Misc stuff :

void eisa_set_drvdata (struct eisa_device *edev, void *data);

Stores data into the device's driver_data area.

void *eisa_get_drvdata (struct eisa_device *edev):

Gets the pointer previously stored into the device's driver_data area.

int eisa_get_region_index (void *addr);

Returns the region number (0 <= x < EISA_MAX_RESOURCES) of a given

address.

** Kernel parameters :

eisa_bus.enable_dev :

A comma-separated list of slots to be enabled, even if the firmware

set the card as disabled. The driver must be able to properly

initialize the device in such conditions.

eisa_bus.disable_dev :

A comma-separated list of slots to be enabled, even if the firmware

set the card as enabled. The driver won't be called to handle this

device.

virtual_root.force_probe :

Force the probing code to probe EISA slots even when it cannot find an

EISA compliant mainboard (nothing appears on slot 0). Defaultd to 0

(don't force), and set to 1 (force probing) when either

CONFIG_ALPHA_JENSEN or CONFIG_EISA_VLB_PRIMING are set.

** Random notes :

Converting an EISA driver to the new API mostly involves *deleting*

code (since probing is now in the core EISA code). Unfortunately, most

drivers share their probing routine between ISA, MCA and EISA. Special

care must be taken when ripping out the EISA code, so other busses

won't suffer from these surgical strikes...

You *must not* expect any EISA device to be detected when returning

from eisa_driver_register, since the chances are that the bus has not

yet been probed. In fact, that's what happens most of the time (the

bus root driver usually kicks in rather late in the boot process).

Unfortunately, most drivers are doing the probing by themselves, and

expect to have explored the whole machine when they exit their probe

routine.

For example, switching your favorite EISA SCSI card to the "hotplug"

model is "the right thing"(tm).

** Thanks :

I'd like to thank the following people for their help :

- Xavier Benigni for lending me a wonderful Alpha Jensen,

- James Bottomley, Jeff Garzik for getting this stuff into the kernel,

- Andries Brouwer for contributing numerous EISA ids,

- Catrin Jones for coping with far too many machines at home.