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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1">
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<title>Returns</title>
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<link href="doxygen.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
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</head><body>
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<!-- Generated by Doxygen 1.2.16 -->
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<center>
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<a class="qindex" href="main.html">Main Page</a> &nbsp; <a class="qindex" href="modules.html">Modules</a> &nbsp; <a class="qindex" href="pages.html">Related Pages</a> &nbsp; </center>
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<hr><h1>Returns<br>
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<small>
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[<a class="el" href="group__pavr__pipeline.html">Pipeline details</a>]</small>
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</h1><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
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</table>
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<dl compact><dt><b>
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A few details</b><dd>
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There are two kinds of returns: <ul>
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<li> RET <br>
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 Return from subroutine. <br>
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 The Program Counter is loaded with the return address (22 bit wide) read from the stack, and the Stack Pointer is incremented by 3. <li> RETI <br>
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 The same as RET, but in addition sets the general interrupt flag (flag I in the Status Register). </ul>
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<br>
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 Returns are the slowest instructions in the pAVR implementation of the AVR instruction set. They take 9 clocks. <br>
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 First 2 clocks are spent while waiting the previous instructions to write the Unified Memory. Next 5 clocks, the Program Counter is read from the Unified Memory. In a future version, this part might take only 4 clocks. Finally, another 2 clocks are spent while bringing the target instruction into the instruction register. <br>
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 <br>
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 <div align="center">
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<img src="pavr_pipe_returns_01.gif" alt="pavr_pipe_returns_01.gif">
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</div>
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<br>
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 </dl><hr><address align="right"><small>Generated on Tue Dec 31 20:26:31 2002 for Pipelined AVR microcontroller by
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<a href="http://www.doxygen.org/index.html">
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<img src="doxygen.png" alt="doxygen" align="middle" border=0
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width=110 height=53></a>1.2.16 </small></address>
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</body>
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</html>

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